The Global Market for Graphene 2024-2035

1.1         Advanced carbon materials
1.1.1      Types
1.2         Graphene and other 2D materials
1.3         Commercialization
1.4         The graphene market in 2023
1.5         Graphene market developments 2020-2024
1.6         Graphene funding and investments 2020-2024
1.7         Publicly listed graphene companies
1.8         Global market in tons and revenues
1.8.1      Global demand by graphene material (tons)
1.8.2      Global demand by end user market
1.8.3      Graphene market, by region
1.8.3.1   Asia-Pacific
1.8.3.1.1  China
1.8.3.1.2  Main graphene producers in Asia-Pacific
1.8.3.2   North America
1.8.3.2.1  Main graphene producers in North America
1.8.3.3   Europe
1.8.3.3.1  Main graphene producers in Europe
1.9         Graphene products
1.10       Key market players and competitive landscape
1.11       Industrial collaborations and licence agreements
1.12       Supply chain
1.13       Graphene market challenges
1.14       Future outlook
1.15       Risks and opportunities

2.1         History
2.2         Properties
2.3         Types of graphene
2.3.1      Graphene materials
2.3.1.1   CVD Graphene
2.3.1.1.1  Single layer
2.3.1.1.2  Bilayer
2.3.1.1.3  Few Layer
2.3.1.1.4  Multilayer
2.3.1.1.5  Applications
2.3.1.2   Graphene nanoplatelets
2.3.1.3   Graphene oxide and reduced Graphene Oxide
2.3.1.4   Graphene quantum dots (GQDs)
2.3.1.4.1  Composition
2.3.1.4.2  Comparison to quantum dots
2.3.1.4.3  Properties
2.3.1.4.4  Synthesis
2.3.1.4.4.1  Top-down method
2.3.1.4.4.2  Bottom-up method
2.3.1.4.4.3  Comparison of synthesis methods
2.3.1.4.5   Applications
2.3.1.4.6   Markets for graphene quantum dots
2.3.1.4.6.1 Electronics and photonics
2.3.1.4.6.2 Energy storage and conversion
2.3.1.4.6.3 Sensors
2.3.1.4.6.4 Biomedicine and life sciences
2.3.1.4.6.5 Anti-counterfeiting
2.3.1.4.7    Challenges
2.3.1.4.8    Current and projected revenues
2.3.1.4.9    Pricing
2.3.1.4.10  Companies
2.3.1.4.10.1   American Elements
2.3.1.4.10.2   Biographene, Inc.
2.3.1.4.10.3   Carbon Upcycling Technologies
2.3.1.4.10.4   Dotz Nano Ltd.
2.3.1.4.10.5   ENano Tec Co., Ltd.
2.3.1.4.10.6   GoLeafe
2.3.1.4.10.7   Graphene Square
2.3.1.4.10.8   Graphensic AB
2.3.1.4.10.9   Green Science Alliance Co., Ltd.
2.3.1.4.10.10  KRI, Inc.
2.3.1.4.10.11  Quantag Nanotechnologies
2.3.1.4.10.12  Qurv Technologies S.L.
2.3.1.4.10.13  Shanghai Simbatt Energy Technology Co., Ltd.
2.3.1.4.10.14  Sigma-Aldrich
2.3.2          Intermediate products
2.3.2.1       Graphene masterbatches
2.3.2.2       Graphene dispersions
2.4             Graphene production
2.4.1          Quality
2.4.2          Graphene production methods
2.4.3          Expanded graphite
2.4.4          Reduced graphene oxide
2.4.5          Direct liquid phase exfoliation process
2.4.6          Electrochemical exfoliation
2.4.7          Plasma exfoliation
2.4.8          Chemical Vapour Deposited (CVD) Graphene
2.4.8.1       Roll to roll (R2R) growth
2.4.8.2       Novel strategies
2.4.8.3       Epitaxial CVD graphene growth
2.5            Regulations
2.5.1         Environmental, health and safety regulation
2.5.1.1      Europe
2.5.1.2      United States
2.5.1.3      Asia-Pacific
2.5.2         Workplace exposure

4.1          Commercial production capacities
4.2          Graphene production issues and challenges
4.2.1       Oversupply
4.2.2       Quality
4.2.3       Large-volume markets
4.2.4       Commoditisation
4.2.5       Industrial end-user perspective
4.3          Graphene pricing and cost analysis
4.3.1       Pristine graphene flakes pricing/CVD graphene
4.3.2       Few-Layer graphene pricing
4.3.3       Graphene nanoplatelets pricing
4.3.4       Graphene oxide (GO) and reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO) pricing
4.3.5       Multi-Layer graphene (MLG) pricing
4.3.6       Graphene ink
4.4          Key graphene market players, by graphene type

5.1        BATTERIES
5.1.1     Market overview
5.1.1.1  Market drivers and trends
5.1.1.2  Applications
5.1.1.2.1  Applications roadmap to 2035
5.1.1.3  SWOT analysis
5.1.1.4   Addressable market size
5.1.1.5   Global market
5.1.1.5.1  Revenues
5.1.1.5.2  Tons, 2018-2035
5.1.2      Market players
5.2         SUPERCAPACITORS
5.2.1      Market overview
5.2.1.1   Applications
5.2.1.1.1   Applications roadmap to 2035
5.2.1.2      SWOT analysis
5.2.1.3      Addressable market size
5.2.1.4      Global market
5.2.1.4.1   Revenues
5.2.1.4.2   Tons
5.2.2      Market players
5.3         POLYMER ADDITIVES
5.3.1      Market overview
5.3.1.1   Applications
5.3.1.1.1  Applications roadmap to 2035
5.3.1.2   Fiber-based
5.3.1.2.1  Applications
5.3.1.3   Metal matrix composites (MMCs)
5.3.1.3.1  Applications
5.3.1.4   SWOT analysis
5.3.1.5   Addressable market size
5.3.1.6   Global market
5.3.1.6.1 Revenues
5.3.1.6.2 Tons
5.3.2      Market players
5.4         SENSORS
5.4.1      Market overview
5.4.1.1   Applications
5.4.1.1.1  Applications roadmap to 2035
5.4.1.2   SWOT analysis
5.4.1.3   Addressable market size
5.4.1.4   Global market
5.4.1.4.1  Revenues
5.4.1.4.2  Tons
5.4.2      Market players
5.5         CONDUCTIVE INKS
5.5.1      Market overview
5.5.1.1   Applications
5.5.1.1.1  Applications roadmap to 2035
5.5.1.2   SWOT analysis
5.5.1.3   Addressable market size
5.5.1.4   Global market
5.5.1.4.1  Revenues
5.5.1.4.2  Tons
5.5.2     Market players
5.6        TRANSPARENT CONDUCTIVE FILMS AND DISPLAYS
5.6.1     Market outlook
5.6.1.1  Applications
5.6.1.1.1  Applications roadmap to 2035
5.6.1.2  SWOT analysis
5.6.1.3  Addressable market size
5.6.1.4  Global market
5.6.1.4.1  Revenues
5.6.1.4.2  Tons
5.6.2      Market players
5.7         TRANSISTORS AND INTEGRATED CIRCUITS
5.7.1      Market overview
5.7.1.1   Applications
5.7.1.1.1   Applications roadmap to 2035
5.7.1.2   SWOT analysis
5.7.1.3   Addressable market size
5.7.1.4   Global market
5.7.1.4.1  Revenues
5.7.1.4.2  Tons
5.7.2      Market players
5.8         FILTRATION MEMBRANES
5.8.1      Market overview
5.8.1.1   Applications
5.8.1.1.1   Applications roadmap to 2035
5.8.1.2   SWOT analysis
5.8.1.3   Addressable market size
5.8.1.4   Global market
5.8.1.4.1  Revenues
5.8.1.4.2  Tons
5.8.2       Market players
5.9          THERMAL MANAGEMENT
5.9.1       Market overview
5.9.1.1    Applications
5.9.1.1.1   Applications roadmap to 2035
5.9.1.2    SWOT analysis
5.9.1.3    Addressable market size
5.9.1.4    Global market
5.9.1.4.1   Revenues
5.9.1.4.2   Tons
5.9.2       Market players
5.10        3D PRINTING AND ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING
5.10.1     Market overview
5.10.1.1   Applications
5.10.1.1.1  Applications roadmap to 2035
5.10.1.2     SWOT analysis
5.10.1.3     Addressable market size
5.10.1.4     Global market
5.10.1.4.1  Revenues
5.10.1.4.2  Tons
5.10.2     Market players
5.11         ADHESIVES
5.11.1     Market overview
5.11.1.1    Applications
5.11.1.1.1 Applications roadmap to 2035
5.11.1.2    SWOT analysis
5.11.1.3    Addressable market size
5.11.1.4    Global market
5.11.1.4.1 Revenues
5.11.1.4.2  Tons
5.11.2     Market players
5.12        AEROSPACE
5.12.1     Market overview
5.12.1.1    Applications
5.12.1.1.1 Applications roadmap to 2035
5.12.1.2    SWOT analysis
5.12.1.3    Addressable market size
5.12.1.4    Global market
5.12.1.4.1 Revenues
5.12.1.4.2 Tons
5.12.2      Market players
5.13         AUTOMOTIVE
5.13.1      Market overview
5.13.1.1   Applications
5.13.1.1.1  Applications roadmap to 2035
5.13.1.2     SWOT analysis
5.13.1.3     Addressable market size
5.13.1.4     Global market
5.13.1.4.1  Revenues
5.13.1.4.2  Tons
5.13.2     Market players
5.14        CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDINGS
5.14.1     Market overview
5.14.1.1     Applications
5.14.1.1.1  Cement
5.14.1.1.2   Asphalt bitumen
5.14.1.1.3   Aerogels
5.14.1.1.3.1 3D printed aerogels
5.14.1.1.3.2 Carbon-based aerogel composites
5.14.1.1.4    Applications roadmap to 2035
5.14.1.2       SWOT analysis
5.14.1.3       Addressable market size
5.14.1.4       Global market
5.14.1.4.1    Revenues
5.14.1.4.2    Tons
5.14.2   Market players
5.15      MEMORY DEVICES
5.15.1   Market overview
5.15.1.1   Applications
5.15.1.1.1  Applications roadmap to 2035
5.15.1.2     SWOT analysis
5.15.1.3     Addressable market size
5.15.1.4     Global market
5.15.1.4.1  Revenues
5.15.1.4.2  Tons
5.15.2      Market players
5.16         FUEL CELLS
5.16.1      Market overview
5.16.1.1     Applications
5.16.1.1.1  Applications roadmap to 2035
5.16.1.2     SWOT analysis
5.16.1.3     Addressable market size
5.16.1.4     Global market
5.16.1.4.1  Revenues
5.16.1.4.2   Tons
5.16.2      Market players
5.17         BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE
5.17.1      Market overview
5.17.1.1    Applications
5.17.1.1.1 Applications roadmap to 2035
5.17.1.2    Drug delivery
5.17.1.3    Imaging and diagnostics
5.17.1.4    Implants
5.17.1.5    Medical biosensors
5.17.1.6    Woundcare
5.17.1.7    Medical wearables
5.17.1.8    Gene delivery
5.17.1.9    SWOT analysis
5.17.1.10  Addressable market size
5.17.1.11  Global market
5.17.1.11.1  Revenues
5.17.1.11.2  Tons
5.17.2      Market players
5.18         LIGHTING
5.18.1      Market overview
5.18.1.1     Applications
5.18.1.1.1  Applications roadmap to 2035
5.18.1.2     SWOT analysis
5.18.1.3     Addressable market size
5.18.1.4     Global market
5.18.1.4.1  Revenues
5.18.1.4.2  Tons
5.18.2      Market players
5.19         LUBRICANTS
5.19.1      Market overview
5.19.1.1     Applications
5.19.1.2     SWOT analysis
5.19.1.3     Addressable market size
5.19.1.4     Global market
5.19.1.4.1   Revenues
5.19.1.4.2   Tons
5.19.2      Market players
5.20         OIL AND GAS
5.20.1     Market overview
5.20.1.1     Applications
5.20.1.1.1  Applications roadmap to 2035
5.20.1.2     SWOT analysis
5.20.1.3     Addressable market size
5.20.1.4     Global market
5.20.1.4.1  Revenues
5.20.1.4.2  Tons
5.20.2      Market players
5.21         PAINTS AND COATINGS
5.21.1      Market overview
5.21.1.1     Applications
5.21.1.1.1  Applications roadmap to 2035
5.21.1.2     SWOT analysis
5.21.1.3     Addressable market size
5.21.1.4     Global market
5.21.1.4.1  Revenues
5.21.1.4.2  Tons
5.21.2      Market players
5.22         PHOTONICS
5.22.1      Market overview
5.22.1.1    Applications
5.22.1.1.1 Applications roadmap to 2035
5.22.1.2    SWOT analysis
5.22.1.3    Addressable market size
5.22.1.4    Global market
5.22.1.4.1 Revenues
5.22.1.4.2 Tons
5.22.2      Market players
5.23         PHOTOVOLTAICS
5.23.1      Market overview
5.23.1.1    Applications
5.23.1.1.1 Applications roadmap to 2035
5.23.1.2    SWOT analysis
5.23.1.3    Addressable market size
5.23.1.4    Global market
5.23.1.4.1 Revenues
5.23.1.4.2 Tons
5.23.2     Market players
5.24        RUBBER AND TYRES
5.24.1     Market overview
5.24.1.1   Applications
5.24.1.1.1 Applications roadmap to 2035
5.24.1.2    SWOT analysis
5.24.1.3    Addressable market size
5.24.1.4    Global market
5.24.1.4.1   Revenues
5.24.1.4.2   Tons
5.24.2     Market players
5.25        TEXTILES AND APPAREL
5.25.1     Market outlook
5.25.1.1   Applications
5.25.1.1.1   Applications roadmap to 2035
5.25.1.2      Addressable market size
5.25.1.3     SWOT analysis
5.25.1.4     Global market
5.25.1.4.1  Revenues
5.25.1.4.2  Tons
5.25.2   Market players
5.26      OTHER MARKETS
5.26.1   Audio equipment
5.26.2   Sporting goods and apparel
5.26.3   Carbon capture and utilization
5.26.3.1       CO2 utilization pathways
5.26.3.2       Carbon storage
5.26.3.2.1.1 Passive storage
5.26.3.2.1.2 Enhanced oil recovery
5.26.3.3       Transporting CO2
5.26.3.3.1    Methods of CO2 transport
5.26.3.3.1.1  Pipeline
5.26.3.3.1.2  Ship
5.26.3.3.1.3  Road
5.26.3.3.1.4  Rail
5.26.3.3.1.5  Safety
5.26.3.4        Costs
5.26.3.5        Market map
5.26.3.6        Point-source carbon capture for blue hydrogen
5.26.3.6.1     Transportation
5.26.3.6.2     Global point source CO2 capture capacities
5.26.3.6.3     By source
5.26.3.6.4     By endpoint
5.26.3.6.5     Main carbon capture processes
5.26.3.6.5.1  Materials
5.26.3.6.5.2  Post-combustion
5.26.3.6.5.3  Oxy-fuel combustion
5.26.3.6.5.4  Liquid or supercritical CO2: Allam-Fetvedt Cycle
5.26.3.6.5.5  Pre-combustion
5.26.3.7        Carbon utilization
5.26.3.7.1     Benefits of carbon utilization
5.26.3.7.2     Market challenges
5.26.3.7.3     Co2 utilization pathways

6.1         2D Carbon Graphene Material Co., Ltd.
6.2         2D fab AB
6.3         2D Fluidics Pty Ltd
6.4         2-DTech Limited
6.5         2D Materials Pte. Ltd. (2DM)
6.6         Adeka Corporation
6.7         Advanced Graphene Products  z o.o.
6.8         Advanced Material Development (AMD)
6.9         AEH Innovative Hydrogel Limited (AEH)
6.10       Aerogel Core Ltd
6.11       Agar Scientific
6.12       AIKA Innovative Technology Co., Ltd.
6.13       AirMembrane Corporation
6.14       Akkolab
6.15       AlterBiota
6.16       AMO GmbH
6.17       Amalyst
6.18       Anaphite Limited
6.19       Appear, Inc.
6.20       Applied Nanolayers BV
6.21       Applied Nanotech, Inc.
6.22       ApplyNanosolutions S.L.
6.23       AR Brown Co. Ltd
6.24       Archer Materials Ltd.
6.25       Arvia Technology
6.26       Asbury Carbons
6.27       Atomic Mechanics Ltd.
6.28       Atrago
6.29       Australian Advanced Materials
6.30       Avadain Inc.
6.31       AVANSA Technology & Services
6.32       Avanzare Innovacion Tecnologica S.L.
6.33       AVIC BIAM New Materials Technology Engineering Co., Ltd.
6.34       Aztrong, Inc.
6.35       Baotailong New Materials Co., Ltd.
6.36       BASF AG
6.37       Bass Metals Limited
6.38       Bee Energy
6.39       Bee Graphene
6.40       Bedimensional S.p.A
6.41       Beijing Carbon Century Technology Co., Ltd.
6.42       BestGraphene
6.43       BGT Materials Ltd.
6.44       BioGraph Solutions
6.45       Biographene, Inc.
6.46       Bio Graphene Solutions, Inc.
6.47       BioGraph Sense Inc.
6.48       Biolin Scientific AB
6.49       BioMed X GmbH
6.50       Blackleaf SAS
6.51       Black Semiconductor GmbH
6.52       Black Swan Graphene
6.53       Boomatech
6.54       Bright Day Graphene AB
6.55       Brain Scientific
6.56       Breton spa
6.57       BTR New Energy Materials, Inc.
6.58       C's Techno, Inc.
6.59       C2CNT LLC/Capital Power
6.60       Cabot Corporation
6.61       California Lithium Battery
6.62       Cambridge Graphene Ltd.
6.63       CamGraphIC Ltd.
6.64       Cambridge Raman Imaging Limited
6.65       Carborundum Universal Ltd  (CUMI)
6.66       Carbon-2D Graphene, Inc.
6.67       Carbon Gates Technologies LLC
6.68       Carbon Nano-Material Technology Co., Ltd.
6.69       Carbon Research and Development Company (CRDC)
6.70       Carbon Upcycling Technologies
6.71       CarbonUP
6.72       Carbon Rivers, Inc,
6.73       Carbon Waters
6.74       Cealtech AS
6.75       CellsX
6.76       Ceylon Graphene Technologies Pvt Ltd
6.77       Charm Graphene Co., Ltd.
6.78       China Carbon Graphite Group, Inc.
6.79       China Telecommunications Corporation
6.80       Chongqing Moxi Science and Technology Co., Ltd.
6.81       CVD Equipment Corporation
6.82       Colloids Ltd.
6.83       ColossusTex
6.84       Comet Resources Ltd.
6.85       COnovate
6.86       Concrene Limited
6.87       CrayoNano AS
6.88       CRRC Corporation
6.89       Danish Graphene
6.90       Danubia NanoTech s.r.o.
6.91       Das-Nano
6.92       Deyang Carbonene Technology
6.93       Directa Plus plc
6.94       DJ Nanotech, Inc.
6.95       Dongxu Optoelectronic Technology Co.,  Ltd
6.96       Dotz Nano Ltd.
6.97       Dreamfly Innovations
6.98       Dycotec Materials Ltd.
6.99       DZP Technologies
6.100    Earthdas
6.101    Earthasia International Holdings Ltd
6.102    Elcora Advanced Materials Corp.
6.103    Emberion Oy
6.104    ENano Tec Co., Ltd.
6.105    EnyGy
6.106    Evercloak, Inc.
6.107    Evove
6.108    Fangda Carbon New Material Co., Ltd.
6.109    FGV Cambridge Nanosystems
6.110    First Graphene Ltd.
6.111    FlexeGRAPH
6.112    Flextrapower
6.113    Fujian Huafeng Industry Co., Ltd.
6.114    Fujitsu Laboratories
6.115    Fuyang Sineva Material Technology Co., Ltd.
6.116    G6 Materials Corp.
6.117    Garmor, Inc.
6.118    General Graphene
6.119    Gerdau Graphene
6.120    Glaren
6.121    Global Graphene Group
6.122    Gnanomat S.L.
6.123    GoLeafe
6.124    Golden Formula
6.125    Goodheat (NDT Engineering & Aerospace Co., Ltd.)
6.126    GQenergy srl
6.127    Grafentek
6.128    Grafine Ltd.
6.129    Grafren AB
6.130    GRAFTA Nanotech
6.131    GrafTech International
6.132    Grafoid, Inc.
6.133    Grahope New Materials Technologies Inc.
6.134    Granode Materials
6.135    GraphAudio
6.136    Graphenaton Technologies SA
6.137    GrapheneCR
6.138    Graphenano s.l.
6.139    Graphene-XT S.r.l.
6.140    Grapheal
6.141    Graphenall Co., Ltd.
6.142    Graphenix Development Inc. (GDI)
6.143    Graphene Batteries AS
6.144    Graphene Composites Limited
6.145    GrapheneDx
6.146    Graphene Enabled Systems Ltd
6.147    Graphene Industries Ltd.
6.148    Graphene Layers
6.149    Graphene Leaders Canada (GLC) Inc.
6.150    Graphene Lighting PLC
6.151    Graphene Manufacturing Group Pty Ltd
6.152    Graphene Master NL
6.153    Graphene NanoChem Plc
6.154    Graphene One LLC
6.155    Graphene Platform Corp
6.156    Graphene Production
6.157    Graphene Star Ltd
6.158    Graphene Square
6.159    Graphene Trace
6.160    GrapheneUP
6.161    Graphenetech S.L.
6.162    Graphenea Nanomaterials
6.163    Graphensic AB
6.164    Graphitene
6.165    Graphjet Technology Sdn. Bhd.
6.166    GraphWear Technologies
6.167    Graphite Innovation and Technologies Inc.
6.168    GraphenicaLab S.L.
6.169    Graphenglass
6.170    Graphenemex
6.171    GrapheneX Pty Ltd.
6.172    Graphex Group Ltd
6.173    Graphmatech AB
6.174    Gratomic, Inc.
6.175    Green Science Alliance Co., Ltd.
6.176    Grenoble Green Graphenofluid
6.177    GRIP Molecular Technologies
6.178    Grolltex, Inc.
6.179    Grupo Antolin Ingenieria S.A.
6.180    Guangzhou Automobile Group Co. Ltd.
6.181    Haike Group
6.182    Hangzhou Cable Co., Ltd.
6.183    Hangzhou Gaoxi Technology Co., Ltd.
6.184    Haydale Graphene Industries Plc
6.185    Hefeikaier Nanometer Energy & Technology Co., Ltd.
6.186    HQ Graphene
6.187    Heraeus
6.188    Hexalayer LLC
6.189    HexagonFab
6.190    Hexorp
6.191    Highbery New Nano Materials Technology
6.192    HRL Laboratories, LLC
6.193    H Quest Vanguard
6.194    Hub Nanotech
6.195    Huvis
6.196    Hybrid Kinetic Group
6.197    HydroGraph Clean Power
6.198    Hygraner S.r.l.
6.199    Iceni Labs
6.200    Imagine Intelligent Materials Pty Ltd
6.201    Imerys Graphite & Carbon
6.202    INBRAIN Neuroelectronics
6.203    Incubation Alliance, Inc.
6.204    Integrated Graphene Ltd.
6.205    Infinoil
6.206    Ionic Industries Ltd.
6.207    IPower Batteries
6.208    JCNANo Tech Co., Ltd.
6.209    Jiangsu Yueda New Material Technology Co., Ltd.
6.210    Jinan Moxi New Material Technology Co., Ltd.
6.211    Jikantechno Corporation
6.212    JMC
6.213    KB Element
6.214    KNV’S Inc.
6.215    KoreaGraph
6.216    KRI, Inc.
6.217    Kukil Graphene Co., Ltd.
6.218    LayerOne (Abalonyx AS)
6.219    LeaderNano Tech LLC
6.220    Leading Edge Materials Corp.
6.221    Levidian Nanosystems
6.222    LIGC Application Ltd.
6.223    Log 9 Materials
6.224    Lyten, Inc.
6.225    Mag7 Technologies LLC
6.226    MC10, Inc.
6.227    MCK Tech Co., Ltd.
6.228    Meijo Nano Carbon Co., Ltd.
6.229    Merck
6.230    Metalysis Limited
6.231    MExplorer Co., Ltd
6.232    MICC TEC Co., Ltd.
6.233    Micro-Composite, Inc.
6.234    Micro Powders, Inc.
6.235    Millennial Scientific, Inc.
6.236    Mingshuo (Beijing) Electronic Technology Co., Ltd.
6.237    MITO Material Solutions
6.238    Morion NanoTech
6.239    Morrow Batteries
6.240    mPhase Technologies
6.241    Nanjing JCNano Co., Ltd.
6.242    Nanjing SCF Nanotech, Ltd.
6.243    Nanesa S.r.l.
6.244    Nano4
6.245    NanoAffix Science LLC
6.246    Nanocarbon Sp. z o.o.
6.247    nanoEMI Sp. z o.o.
6.248    NanoGraf Corporation
6.249    Nanografi Nanotechnology
6.250    Nano Graphene, Inc.
6.251    Nanoinnova Technologies SL
6.252    Nanoloom Limited
6.253    Nanomatrix Materials (NM Materials)
6.254    Nanopinturas
6.255    NanoPlexus Ltd
6.256    Nanoquimia S.L.
6.257    Nanotech Energy Inc.
6.258    NanoXplore, Inc.
6.259    Nawa Techonologies
6.260    NEC Corporation
6.261    NematiQ
6.262    NeoGraf Solutions, LLC
6.263    Newtec Engineering A/S
6.264    Ningbo Morsh Technology Co., Ltd.
6.265    Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd.
6.266    NiSiNa materials Co. Ltd.
6.267    Nitronix
6.268    Nordische Technologies
6.269    NORgraphene Technologies Ltd.
6.270    Nova Graphene,Inc.
6.271    Novusterra, Inc.
6.272    Ntherma Corporation
6.273    Orbex
6.274    Oros Apparel
6.275    Osaka Gas Chemicals Co., Ltd.
6.276    Ossila Limited
6.277    Paragraf Ltd.
6.278    Paragraf USA (Cardea Bio, Inc.)
6.279    Payper Technologies
6.280    Perpetuus Advanced Materials Plc
6.281    Planartech LLC
6.282    Plenesys
6.283    PolyJoule
6.284    Promethient, Inc
6.285    Provexa Technology AB
6.286    Pure Hydrogen Corporation Limited
6.287    Qingdao DT Nanotechnology Co., Ltd.
6.288    Quantag Nanotechnologies
6.289    Qurv Technologies S.L.
6.290    QV Bioelectronics
6.291    Raymor NanoIntegris
6.292    Radiant Panel Technologies
6.293    Real Graphene USA LLC
6.294    Resilient Energi
6.295    Ressinea
6.296    Ritedia Corp.
6.297    Rusgraphene
6.298    Saint Jean Carbon, Inc.
6.299    SaltX Technology AB
6.300    Sangbo Corporation
6.301    Senergy Innovations Ltd
6.302    SensFit Technologies
6.303    Shanghai Simbatt Energy Technology Co., Ltd.
6.304    Shenzhen Danbond Technology Co Ltd
6.305    S Graphene Co., Ltd.
6.306    SHT Smart High Tech AB
6.307    Sigma-Aldrich Corporation
6.308    Signet Graphene Technologies, Inc.
6.309    Sixonia Tech GmbH
6.310    The Sixth Element (Changzhou) Materials Technology Co., Ltd.
6.311    Skeleton Technologies OÜ
6.312    SmartIR Ltd.
6.313    Soft Carbon Electronics
6.314    Solerial Matusions AB
6.315    Solidion Technology
6.316    SoundCell
6.317    Source Graphene
6.318    SP Nano
6.319    SpaceBlue Ltd.
6.320    Sparc Technologies Ltd.
6.321    Standard Graphene
6.322    SuperC Technology Limited
6.323    Surwon Technology
6.324    Strem Chemicals, Inc.
6.325    Sunrise Energy Metals Limited
6.326    Suzhou Graphene Nanotechnology Co., Ltd.
6.327    Taiwan Carbon Nanotube Technology
6.328    Talga Resources
6.329    Targray
6.330    Tata Steel
6.331    Team Group, Inc.
6.332    Technow SA
6.333    Tenutec AB
6.334    Textile Two Dimensional Ltd.
6.335    Thomas Swan & Co. Ltd.
6.336    Tianjin Pulan Nano Technologies Ltd.
6.337    Tirupati Graphite
6.338    Topsen Technology
6.339    Toraphene
6.340    Toray Industries
6.341    Tribonex
6.342    Triton Mineral Limited
6.343    True 2 Materials Pte, Ltd.
6.344    Turquoise Group
6.345    UC Bacon Company Limited
6.346    Ugent Tech Sdn Bhd
6.347    Urbix Resources LLC
6.348    Universal Matter
6.349    Universal Matter GBR
6.350    UpCatalyst
6.351    Vaulta
6.352    Versarien plc
6.353    Via Separations
6.354    Vitrotem
6.355    Volexion, Inc.
6.356    Vorbeck
6.357    Watercycle Technologies
6.358    William Blythe Limited
6.359    WuXi YuanWen Graphene Technology Co., Ltd.
6.360    XFNANO Materials Tech Co., Ltd.
6.361    Xiamen G-CVD Material Technology Co., Ltd.
6.362    Xiamen Knano Graphene Technology Co., Ltd.
6.363    YUYAO PGS New Material Technology Co., Ltd
6.364    ZapGo Ltd.
6.365    Zextec Nano
6.366    Zentek
6.367    Zero Emissions Developments (ZED)
6.368    ZNSHINE PV-Tech Co., Ltd.
6.369    Zoxcell Limited

8.1        Comparative analysis of graphene and other 2D materials
8.2        2D MATERIALS PRODUCTION METHODS
8.2.1     Top-down exfoliation
8.2.1.1   Mechanical exfoliation method
8.2.1.2   Liquid exfoliation method
8.2.2      Bottom-up synthesis
8.2.2.1   Chemical synthesis in solution
8.2.2.2   Chemical vapor deposition
8.3         TYPES OF 2D MATERIALS
8.3.1      Hexagonal boron-nitride (h-BN)/Boron nitride nanosheets (BNNSs)
8.3.1.1   Properties
8.3.1.2   Applications and markets
8.3.1.2.1   Electronics
8.3.1.2.2   Fuel cells
8.3.1.2.3   Adsorbents
8.3.1.2.4   Photodetectors
8.3.1.2.5   Textiles
8.3.1.2.6   Biomedical
8.3.2      MXenes
8.3.2.1   Properties
8.3.2.2   Applications
8.3.2.2.1   Catalysts
8.3.2.2.2   Hydrogels
8.3.2.2.3   Energy storage devices
8.3.2.2.3.1  Supercapacitors
8.3.2.2.3.2  Batteries
8.3.2.2.3.3  Gas Separation
8.3.2.2.4     Liquid Separation
8.3.2.2.5     Antibacterials
8.3.3        Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMD)
8.3.3.1     Properties
8.3.3.1.1  Molybdenum disulphide (MoS2)
8.3.3.1.2  Tungsten ditelluride (WTe2)
8.3.3.2     Applications
8.3.3.2.1  Electronics
8.3.3.2.2  Optoelectronics
8.3.3.2.3  Biomedical
8.3.3.2.4  Piezoelectrics
8.3.3.2.5  Sensors
8.3.3.2.6  Filtration
8.3.3.2.7  Batteries and supercapacitors
8.3.3.2.8  Fiber lasers
8.3.4        Borophene
8.3.4.1     Properties
8.3.4.2     Applications
8.3.4.2.1   Energy storage
8.3.4.2.2   Hydrogen storage
8.3.4.2.3   Sensors
8.3.4.2.4   Electronics
8.3.5        Phosphorene/ Black phosphorus
8.3.5.1     Properties
8.3.5.2     Applications
8.3.5.2.1   Electronics
8.3.5.2.2   Field effect transistors
8.3.5.2.3   Thermoelectrics
8.3.5.2.4   Batteries
8.3.5.2.4.1 Lithium-ion batteries (LIB)
8.3.5.2.4.2 Sodium-ion batteries
8.3.5.2.4.3 Lithium-sulfur batteries
8.3.5.2.5    Supercapacitors
8.3.5.2.6    Photodetectors
8.3.5.2.7   Sensors
8.3.6       Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4)
8.3.6.1    Properties
8.3.6.2    C2N
8.3.6.3    Applications
8.3.6.3.1   Electronics
8.3.6.3.2   Filtration membranes
8.3.6.3.3   Photocatalysts
8.3.6.3.4   Batteries
8.3.6.3.5   Sensors
8.3.7         Germanene
8.3.7.1      Properties
8.3.7.2      Applications
8.3.7.2.1    Electronics
8.3.7.2.2    Batteries
8.3.8         Graphdiyne
8.3.8.1      Properties
8.3.8.2      Applications
8.3.8.2.1   Electronics
8.3.8.2.2   Batteries
8.3.8.2.2.1  Lithium-ion batteries (LIB)
8.3.8.2.2.2  Sodium ion batteries
8.3.8.2.3     Separation membranes
8.3.8.2.4     Water filtration
8.3.8.2.5     Photocatalysts
8.3.8.2.6     Photovoltaics
8.3.8.2.7     Gas separation
8.3.9           Graphane
8.3.9.1        Properties
8.3.9.2        Applications
8.3.9.2.1     Electronics
8.3.9.2.2     Hydrogen storage
8.3.10         Rhenium disulfide (ReS2) and diselenide (ReSe2)
8.3.10.1      Properties
8.3.10.2      Applications
8.3.11         Silicene
8.3.11.1      Properties
8.3.11.2      Applications
8.3.11.2.1   Electronics
8.3.11.2.2   Thermoelectrics
8.3.11.2.3   Batteries
8.3.11.2.4   Sensors
8.3.11.2.5   Biomedical
8.3.12         Stanene/tinene
8.3.12.1      Properties
8.3.12.2      Applications
8.3.12.2.1   Electronics
8.3.13         Antimonene
8.3.13.1      Properties
8.3.13.2      Applications
8.3.14         Indium selenide
8.3.14.1      Properties
8.3.14.2      Applications
8.3.14.2.1   Electronics
8.3.15         Layered double hydroxides (LDH)
8.3.15.1      Properties
8.3.15.2      Applications
8.3.15.2.1   Adsorbents
8.3.15.2.2   Catalyst
8.3.15.2.3   Sensors
8.3.15.2.4   Electrodes
8.3.15.2.5   Flame Retardants
8.3.15.2.6   Biosensors
8.3.15.2.7   Tissue engineering
8.3.15.2.8   Anti-Microbials
8.3.15.2.9   Drug Delivery
8.4              2D MATERIALS PRODUCER AND SUPPLIER PROFILES
8.4.1           2D fab AB
8.4.2           2D Fluidics Pty Ltd
8.4.3           2D Layer
8.4.4           2D Semiconductors
8.4.5           Advanced Material Development (AMD)
8.4.6           Applied Nanolayers BV
8.4.7           Bedimensional S.p.A
8.4.8           Cambridge Graphene Ltd.
8.4.9           Evercloak, Inc.
8.4.10         FlexeGRAPH
8.4.11         HQ Graphene
8.4.12         Merck
8.4.13         Ossila Limited
8.4.14         Paragraf Ltd.
8.4.15         Planartech LLC
8.4.16         Rusgraphene
8.4.17         Smart Elements GmbH
8.4.18         SPI Supplies
8.4.19         XlynX Materials Inc.

9.1         Technology Readiness Level (TRL)

Table 1. Types of advanced carbon materials.
Table 2. Graphene market developments 2020-2024.
Table 3. Graphene funding and investments 2020-2024.
Table 4. Publicly listed graphene companies.
Table 5. Global graphene demand by type of graphene material, 2018-2035 (tons).
Table 6. Global graphene demand by market, 2018-2035 (tons).
Table 7. Global graphene demand, by region, 2018-2035 (tons).
Table 8. Main graphene producers in North America.
Table 9. Main graphene producers in Europe.
Table 10. Commercial products incorporating graphene.
Table 11. Graphene industrial collaborations, licence agreements and target markets.
Table 12. Graphene market challenges.
Table 13. Properties of graphene, properties of competing materials, applications thereof.
Table 14. Applications of GO and rGO.
Table 15. Comparison of graphene QDs and semiconductor QDs.
Table 16. Advantages and disadvantages of methods for preparing GQDs.
Table 17. Applications of graphene quantum dots.
Table 18. Markets and applications for graphene quantum dots in electronics and photonics.
Table 19. Markets and applications for graphene quantum dots in energy storage and conversion.
Table 20. Markets and applications for graphene quantum dots in sensors.
Table 21. Markets and applications for graphene quantum dots in biomedicine and life sciences.
Table 22. Markets and applications for graphene quantum dots in electronics.
Table 23. Market and technology challenges for graphene quantum dots.
Table 24. Prices for graphene quantum dots.
Table 25. Assessment of graphene production methods.
Table 26. Methods for reducing graphene oxide.
Table 27. Regulations and rulings related to graphene in Europe.
Table 28. Regulations and rulings related to graphene in North America.
Table 29. Regulations and rulings related to graphene in Asia-Pacific.
Table 30. Accumulated number of patent publications for graphene, 2004-2022.
Table 31. Main graphene producers by country, annual production capacities, types and main markets they sell into 2023.
Table 32. Types of graphene and typical prices.
Table 33. Pristine graphene flakes pricing by producer.
Table 34. Few-layer graphene pricing by producer.
Table 35. Graphene nanoplatelets pricing by producer.
Table 36. Graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide pricing, by producer.
Table 37. Multi-layer graphene pricing by producer.
Table 38. Graphene ink pricing by producer.
Table 39. Graphene producers and types produced.
Table 40. Graphene producers target market matrix.
Table 41. Graphene product developers target market matrix.
Table 42. Applications of nanomaterials in batteries.
Table 43. Market outlook for graphene in batteries.
Table 44. Market drivers for use of graphene in batteries.
Table 45. Applications of nanomaterials in flexible and stretchable batteries, by materials type and benefits thereof.
Table 46. Market and applications for graphene in batteries.
Table 47. Global revenues for graphene in batteries, 2018-2035 (Millions USD).
Table 48. Global demand for graphene in batteries (tons), 2018-2035.
Table 49. Markets players in graphene batteries.
Table 50. Market overviewfor graphene in supercapacitors.
Table 51: Comparative properties of graphene supercapacitors and lithium-ion batteries.
Table 52. Market and applications for graphene in supercapacitors.
Table 53. Global revenues for graphene in supercapacitors, 2018-2035 (Millions USD).
Table 54. Demand for graphene in supercapacitors (tons), 2018-2035.
Table 55. Market players in graphene supercapacitors.
Table 56. Market outlook for graphene in polymer additives.
Table 57. Market and applications for graphene fiber-based polymer additives.
Table 58. Market and applications for graphene metal matrix composites.
Table 59. Global revenues for graphene in polymer additives, 2018-2035 (Millions USD).
Table 60. Global market demand for graphene in polymer additives, 2018-2035, tons.
Table 61. Market players in graphene polymer additives.
Table 62. Market overview for graphene in sensors.
Table 63. Market and applications for graphene in sensors.
Table 64. Global revenues for graphene in sensors, 2018-2035 (Millions USD).
Table 65. Global demand for graphene in sensors (tons), 2018-2035.
Table 66. Market players in graphene sensors.
Table 67. Market outlook for graphene in conductive inks.
Table 68. Market and applications for graphene in conductive inks.
Table 69. Comparative properties of conductive inks.
Table 70. Global revenues for graphene in conductive inks, 2018-2035 (Millions USD).
Table 71. Global demand for graphene in conductive ink (tons), 2018-2035.
Table 72. Product developers in graphene conductive inks.
Table 73. Market outlook for graphene in transparent conductive films.
Table 74. Market and applications for graphene in transparent conductive films.
Table 75. Comparison of ITO replacements.
Table 76. Global revenues for graphene in transparent conductive films and displays, 2018-2035 (Millions USD).
Table 77. Global demand for graphene in transparent conductive films and displays (tons), 2018-2035.
Table 78. Market players in graphene transparent conductive films.
Table 79. Comparative properties of silicon and graphene transistors.
Table 80. Market outlook for graphene in transistors.
Table 81. Market and applications for graphene transistors.
Table 82. Global revenues for graphene in transistors and integrated circuits, 2018-2035 (Millions USD).
Table 83. Global demand for graphene in transistors and integrated circuits (tons), 2018-2035.
Table 84. Market players in graphene transistors and integrated circuits.
Table 85. Market outlook for graphene in filtration membranes.
Table 86. Market and applications for graphene in filtration membranes.
Table 87. Global revenues for graphene in filtration membranes, 2018-2035 (Millions USD).
Table 88. Global demand for graphene in filtration membranes (tons), 2018-2035.
Table 89. Market players in filtration.
Table 90. Market and applications for thermal management.
Table 91. Global revenues for graphene in thermal management, 2018-2035 (Millions USD).
Table 92. Global demand for graphene in thermal management (tons), 2018-2035.
Table 93. Market players in graphene thermal management.
Table 94. Market outlook for graphene in additive manufacturing.
Table 95. Market and applications for graphene in additive manufacturing.
Table 96. Global revenues for graphene in additive manufacturing, 2018-2035 (Millions USD).
Table 97. Global demand for graphene in additive manufacturing (tons), 2018-2035.
Table 98. Market players in additive manufacturing.
Table 99. Market outlook for graphene in adhesives.
Table 100. Market and applications for graphene in adhesives.
Table 101. Global revenues for graphene in adhesives, 2018-2035 (Millions USD).
Table 102. Global demand for graphene in adhesives (tons), 2018-2035.
Table 103. Market players in graphene adhesives.
Table 104. Market assessment for graphene in aerospace.
Table 105. Market and applications for graphene in aerospace.
Table 106. Global revenues for graphene in aerospace, 2018-2035 (Millions USD).
Table 107. Global demand for graphene in aerospace (tons), 2018-2030.
Table 108: Market players in graphene for aerospace.
Table 109. Market outlook for graphene in automotive.
Table 110. Market and applications for graphene in automotive.
Table 111. Market and applications for graphene in automotive.
Table 112. Global revenues for graphene in automotive, 2018-2035 (Millions USD).
Table 113. Global demand for graphene in automotive (tons), 2018-2035.
Table 114. Market players in the graphene automotive market.
Table 115. Market outlook for graphene in construction.
Table 116. Applications of graphene in construction and buildings.
Table 117. Graphene for concrete and cement.
Table 118. Graphene for asphalt bitumen.
Table 119. Global revenues for graphene in construction & buildings, 2018-2035 (Millions USD).
Table 120. Global demand for graphene in construction (tons), 2018-2035.
Table 121: Market players in graphene in construction.
Table 122. Market outlook for graphene in memory devices.
Table 123. Market and applications for graphene in memory devices.
Table 124. Global revenues for graphene in memory devices, 2018-2035 (Millions USD).
Table 125. Global demand for graphene in memory devices, 2018-2035 (tons).
Table 126. Market players in graphene memory devices.
Table 127. Market overview for graphene in fuel cells.
Table 128. Market and applications for graphene in fuel cells.
Table 129. Global revenues for graphene in fuel cells, 2018-2035 (Millions USD).
Table 130. Global demand for graphene in fuel cells (tons), 2018-2035.
Table 131. Market players in graphene fuel cells.
Table 132. Market and applications for graphene in biomedicine and healthcare.
Table 133. Market overview for graphene in drug delivery.
Table 134. Market overview for graphene in imaging and diagnostics.
Table 135. Market overview for graphene in medical implants.
Table 136. Market overview for graphene in medical biosensors.
Table 137. Market overview for graphene in woundcare.
Table 138. Global revenues for graphene in biomedicine & healthcare, 2018-2035 (Millions USD).
Table 139. Global demand for graphene in biomedicine and healthcare (tons), 2018-2035.
Table 140. Market players in graphene in biomedicine and healthcare.
Table 141. Market overview for graphene in lighting.
Table 142. Market and applications for graphene in lighting.
Table 143. Global revenues for graphene in lighting, 2018-2035 (Millions USD).
Table 144. Global demand for graphene in lighting, 2018-2035 (tons).
Table 145. Market players in graphene lighting.
Table 146. Nanomaterial lubricant products.
Table 147. Market overview for graphene in lubricants.
Table 148. Market and applications for graphene in lubricants.
Table 149. Global revenues for graphene in lubricants, 2018-2035 (Millions USD).
Table 150. Global demand for graphene in lubricants (tons), 2018-2035.
Table 151. Market players in graphene lubricants.
Table 152. Market overview for graphene in oil and gas.
Table 153. Market and applications for graphene in oil and gas.
Table 154. Global revenues for graphene in oil and gas, 2018-2035 (Millions USD).
Table 155. Global demand for graphene in oil and gas (tons), 2018-2035.
Table 156. Market players in graphene oil and gas.
Table 157. Market overview for graphene in paints and coatings.
Table 158. Market and applications for graphene in paints and coatings.
Table 159. Global revenues for graphene in paints & coatings, 2018-2035 (Millions USD).
Table 160. Global demand for graphene in paints and coatings (tons), 2018-2035.
Table 161. Market players in graphene paints and coatings.
Table 162. Market overview for graphene in photonics.
Table 163. Market and applications for graphene in photonics.
Table 164. Global revenues for graphene in photonics, 2018-2035 (Millions USD).
Table 165. Demand for graphene in photonics, 2018-2035.
Table 166. Market players in graphene photonics.
Table 167. Market overview for graphene in photovoltaics.
Table 168. Market and applications for graphene in photovoltaics.
Table 169. Global revenues for graphene in photovoltaics, 2018-2035 (Millions USD).
Table 170. Global demand for graphene in photovoltaics (tons), 2018-2035.
Table 171. Marker players in graphene solar.
Table 172. Market outlook for graphene in rubber and tyres.
Table 173. Market and applications for graphene in rubber and tyres.
Table 174. Global revenues for graphene in rubber & tyres, 2018-2035 (Millions USD).
Table 175. Global demand for graphene in rubber and tyres (tons), 2018-2035.
Table 176. Market players in rubber and tyres.
Table 177. Market outlook for graphene in smart textiles and apparel.
Table 178. Market and applications for graphene in smart textiles and apparel.
Table 179. Global revenues for graphene in textiles & apparel, 2018-2035 (Millions USD).
Table 180. Global demand for graphene in textiles & apparel (tons), 2018-2035.
Table 181. Market players in smart textiles and apparel.
Table 182. Graphene audio equipment producers and products.
Table 183. Graphene sporting goods producers and products.
Table 184. Methods of CO2 transport.
Table 185. Carbon capture, transport, and storage cost per unit of CO2
Table 186. Estimated capital costs for commercial-scale carbon capture.
Table 187. Point source examples.
Table 188. Assessment of carbon capture materials
Table 189. Chemical solvents used in post-combustion.
Table 190. Commercially available physical solvents for pre-combustion carbon capture.
Table 191. Carbon utilization revenue forecast by product (US$).
Table 192. CO2 utilization and removal pathways.
Table 193. Market challenges for CO2 utilization.
Table 194. Example CO2 utilization pathways.
Table 195. Performance criteria of energy storage devices.
Table 196. 2D materials types.
Table 197. Comparative analysis of graphene and other 2-D nanomaterials.
Table 198. Comparison of  top-down exfoliation methods to produce 2D materials.
Table 199. Comparison of the bottom-up synthesis methods to produce 2D materials.
Table 200. Properties of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN).
Table 201. Markets and applications for 2D molybdenum disulphide.
Table 202. Electronic and mechanical properties of monolayer phosphorene, graphene and MoS2.
Table 203. Properties and applications of functionalized germanene.
Table 204. GDY-based anode materials in LIBs and SIBs
Table 205. Physical and electronic properties of Stanene.
Table 206. Technology Readiness Level (TRL) Examples.

Figure 1. Asus ROG Swift OLED PG49WCD gaming monitor.
Figure 2. Global graphene demand by type of graphene material, 2018-2035 (tons), conservative estimate.
Figure 3. Global graphene demand by market, 2018-2035 (tons).
Figure 4. Global graphene demand, by region, 2018-2035 (tons).
Figure 5. Main graphene producers in Asia-Pacific.
Figure 6. Graphene Supply Chain.
Figure 7. Graphene layer structure schematic.
Figure 8. Illustrative procedure of the Scotch-tape based micromechanical cleavage of HOPG.
Figure 9. Graphite and graphene.
Figure 10. Graphene and its descendants: top right: graphene; top left: graphite = stacked graphene; bottom right: nanotube=rolled graphene; bottom left: fullerene=wrapped graphene.
Figure 11. Types of CVD methods.
Figure 12. Schematic of the manufacture of GnPs starting from natural graphite.
Figure 13. Green-fluorescing graphene quantum dots.
Figure 14. Schematic of (a) CQDs and (c) GQDs. HRTEM images of (b) C-dots and (d) GQDs showing combination of zigzag and armchair edges (positions marked as 1-4).
Figure 15. Graphene quantum dots.
Figure 16. Top-down and bottom-up graphene QD synthesis methods.
Figure 17. Revenues for graphene quantum dots 2019-2035, millions USD
Figure 18. Dotz Nano GQD products.
Figure 19.  InP/ZnS, perovskite quantum dots and silicon resin composite under UV illumination.
Figure 20. Quantag GQDs and sensor.
Figure 21. Fabrication methods of graphene.
Figure 22. TEM micrographs of: A) HR-CNFs; B) GANF® HR-CNF, it can be observed its high graphitic structure; C) Unraveled ribbon from the HR-CNF; D) Detail of the ribbon; E) Scheme of the structure of the HR-CNFs; F) Large single graphene oxide sheets derived from GANF.
Figure 23. (a) Graphene powder production line The Sixth Element Materials Technology Co. Ltd. (b) Graphene film production line of Wuxi Graphene Films Co. Ltd.
Figure 24. Schematic illustration of the main graphene production methods.
Figure 25. Published patent publications for graphene, 2004-2022.
Figure 26. CVD Graphene on Cu Foil.
Figure 27. Applications of graphene in batteries.
Figure 28. Applications roadmap to 2035 for graphene in batteries.
Figure 29. SWOT analysis for graphene in batteries.
Figure 30. Global revenues for graphene in batteries, 2018-2035 (Millions USD).
Figure 31. Global demand for graphene in batteries (tons), 2018-2035.
Figure 32. Apollo Traveler graphene-enhanced USB-C / A fast charging power bank.
Figure 33. Exide Graphene Lead Acid Battery.
Figure 34. 6000mAh Portable graphene batteries.
Figure 35. Real Graphene Powerbank.
Figure 36. Graphene Functional Films - UniTran EH/FH.
Figure 37. Applications of graphene in supercapacitors.
Figure 38. Applications roadmap to 2035 for graphene in supercapacitors.
Figure 39. SWOT analysis for graphene in supercapacitors.
Figure 40. Global revenues for graphene in supercapacitors, 2018-2035 (Millions USD).
Figure 41. Demand for graphene in supercapacitors (tons), 2018-2035.
Figure 42. KEPCO’s graphene supercapacitors.
Figure 43. Skeleton Technologies supercapacitor.
Figure 44. Zapgo supercapacitor phone charger.
Figure 45. Applications roadmap to 2035 for graphene in polymer additives.
Figure 46. Applications of graphene in polymer additives.
Figure 47. SWOT analysis for graphene in polymer additives.
Figure 48. Global revenues for graphene in polymer additives, 2018-2035 (Millions USD).
Figure 49. Demand for graphene in polymer additives (tons), 2018-2035.
Figure 50. Graphene bike.
Figure 51. Graphene lacrosse equipment.
Figure 52. Graphene-based suitcase made from recycled plastic.
Figure 53. Aros Create.
Figure 54. Grays graphene hockey sticks.
Figure 55. Graphene-based sensors for health monitoring.
Figure 56. Applications of graphene in sensors.
Figure 57. Applications roadmap to 2035 for graphene in sensors.
Figure 58. SWOT analysis for graphene in sensors.
Figure 59. Global revenues for graphene in sensors, 2018-2035 (Millions USD).
Figure 60. Global demand for graphene in sensors (tons), 2018-2035.
Figure 61. AGILE R100 system.
Figure 62. Graphene fully packaged linear array detector.
Figure 63. GFET sensors.
Figure 64. Graphene is used to increase sensitivity to middle-infrared light.
Figure 65. Applications roadmap to 2035 for graphene in conductive inks.
Figure 66. Applications of graphene in conductive inks.
Figure 67. SWOT analysis for graphene in conductive inks.
Figure 68. Global revenues for graphene in conductive inks, 2018-2035 (Millions USD).
Figure 69. Global demand for graphene in conductive ink (tons), 2018-2035.
Figure 70. BGT Materials graphene ink product.
Figure 71. Printed graphene conductive ink.
Figure 72. Textiles covered in conductive graphene ink.
Figure 73. Applications roadmap to 2035 for graphene in transparent conductive films and displays.
Figure 74. SWOT analysis for graphene in transparent conductive films and displays.
Figure 75. Global revenues for graphene in transparent conductive films and displays, 2018-2035 (Millions USD).
Figure 76. Global demand for graphene in transparent conductive films and displays (tons), 2018-2035.
Figure 77. Moxi flexible film developed for smartphone application.
Figure 78. Applications of graphene transistors.
Figure 79. Applications roadmap to 2035 for graphene transistors.
Figure 80. SWOT analysis for graphene in transistors.
Figure 81. Global revenues for graphene in transistors and integrated circuits, 2018-2035 (Millions USD).
Figure 82. Demand for graphene in transistors and integrated circuits (tons), 2018-2035.
Figure 83. Graphene IC in wafer tester.
Figure 84. Schematic cross-section of a graphene based transistor (GBT, left) and a graphene field-effect transistor (GFET, right).
Figure 85. Applications of graphene in filtration membranes.
Figure 86. Applications roadmap to 2035 for graphene filtration membranes.
Figure 87. SWOT analysis for graphene in filtration membranes.
Figure 88. Global revenues for graphene in filtration membranes, 2018-2035 (Millions USD).
Figure 89. Global demand for graphene in filtration (tons), 2018-2035.
Figure 90. Graphene anti-smog mask.
Figure 91. Graphene filtration membrane.
Figure 92. Graphene water filer cartridge.
Figure 93. Applications roadmap to 2035 for graphene in thermal management.
Figure 94. SWOT analysis for graphene in thermal management.
Figure 95. Global revenues for graphene in thermal management, 2018-2035 (Millions USD).
Figure 96. Demand for graphene in thermal management (tons), 2018-2035.
Figure 97. Graphene IC in wafer tester.
Figure 98. Schematic cross-section of a graphene based transistor (GBT, left) and a graphene field-effect transistor (GFET, right).
Figure 99. Applications of graphene in additive manufacturing
Figure 100. Applications roadmap to 2035 for graphene in additive manufacturing.
Figure 101. SWOT analysis for graphene in additive manufacturing.
Figure 102. Global revenues for graphene in additive manufacturing, 2018-2035 (Millions USD).
Figure 103. Global demand for graphene in additive manufacturing (tons), 2018-2035.
Figure 104. CNCTArch lightweight mounting for digital signalling.
Figure 105. Applications of graphene in adhesives.
Figure 106. Applications roadmap to 2035 for graphene in adhesives.
Figure 107. SWOT analysis for graphene in adhesives.
Figure 108. Global revenues for graphene in adhesives, 2018-2035 (Millions USD).
Figure 109. Global demand for graphene in adhesives (tons), 2018-2035.
Figure 110. Graphene Adhesives.
Figure 111. Applications of graphene in aerospace.
Figure 112. Applications roadmap to 2035 for graphene in aerospace.
Figure 113. SWOT analysis for graphene in aerospace.
Figure 114. Global revenues for graphene in aerospace, 2018-2035 (Millions USD).
Figure 115. Global demand for graphene in aerospace (tons), 2018-2035.
Figure 116. Orbex Prime rocket.
Figure 117: Graphene enhanced aircraft cargo container.
Figure 118: Graphene aircraft.
Figure 119. Applications of graphene in automotive.
Figure 120. SWOT analysis for graphene in automotive.
Figure 121. Global revenues for graphene in automotive, 2018-2035 (Millions USD).
Figure 122. Global demand for graphene in automotive (tons), 2018-2035.
Figure 123. Supercar incorporating graphene.
Figure 124. Graphene anti-corrosion primer.
Figure 125. Graphene-R Brake pads.
Figure 126. Antistatic graphene tire.
Figure 127. Graphene engine oil additives.
Figure 128. Comparison of nanofillers with supplementary cementitious materials and aggregates in concrete.
Figure 129. Applications roadmap to 2035 for graphene in construction.
Figure 130. SWOT analysis for graphene in construction.
Figure 131. Global revenues for graphene in construction & buildings, 2018-2035 (Millions USD).
Figure 132. Global demand for graphene in construction (tons), 2018-2035.
Figure 133. Graphene asphalt additives.
Figure 134. OG (Original Graphene) Concrete Admix Plus.
Figure 135. Applications roadmap to 2035 for graphene in memory devices.
Figure 136. SWOT analysis for graphene in memory devices.
Figure 137. Global revenues for graphene in memory devices, 2018-2035 (Millions USD).
Figure 138. Global demand for graphene in memory devices, 2018-2035 (tons).
Figure 139. Layered structure of tantalum oxide, multilayer graphene and platinum used for resistive random-access memory (RRAM).
Figure 140. Applications of graphene in fuel cells.
Figure 141. Applications roadmap to 2035 for graphene in fuel cells.
Figure 142. SWOT analysis for graphene in fuel cells.
Figure 143. Global revenues for graphene in fuel cells, 2018-2035 (Millions USD).
Figure 144. Global demand for graphene in fuel cells (tons), 2018-2035.
Figure 145. Graphene-based E-skin patch.
Figure 146. Applications of graphene in biomedicine and healthcare.
Figure 147. Applications roadmap to 2035 for graphene in biomedicine and healthcare.
Figure 148. Flexible and transparent bracelet that uses graphene to measure heart rate, respiration rate etc.
Figure 149. SWOT analysis for graphene in biomedicine & healthcare.
Figure 150. Global revenues for graphene in biomedicine & healthcare, 2018-2035 (Millions USD).
Figure 151. Global demand for graphene in biomedicine and healthcare (tons), 2018-2035.
Figure 152. Graphene medical biosensors for wound healing.
Figure 153. Hememics' handheld reader with a disposable test chip containing a 32-plex graphene-based biosensor.
Figure 154. GraphWear wearable sweat sensor.
Figure 155. BioStamp nPoint.
Figure 156. Applications of graphene in lighting.
Figure 157. Applications roadmap to 2035 for graphene in lighting.
Figure 158. SWOT analysis for graphene in lighting.
Figure 159. Global revenues for graphene in lighting, 2018-2035 (Millions USD).
Figure 160. Global demand for graphene in lighting, 2018-2035 (tons).
Figure 161. Graphene LED bulbs.
Figure 162. Applications of graphene in lubricants.
Figure 163. SWOT analysis for graphene in lubricants.
Figure 164. Global revenues for graphene in lubricants, 2018-2035 (Millions USD).
Figure 165. Global demand for graphene in lubricants (tons), 2018-2035.
Figure 166. Tricolit spray coating.
Figure 167. Graphenoil products.
Figure 168. Applications of graphene in oil and gas.
Figure 169. Applications roadmap to 2035 for graphene in oil and gas.
Figure 170. SWOT analysis for graphene in oil and gas.
Figure 171. Global revenues for graphene in oil and gas, 2018-2035 (Millions USD).
Figure 172. Global demand for graphene in oil and gas (tons), 2018-2035.
Figure 173. Directa Plus Grafysorber.
Figure 174. Applications of graphene in paints and coatings.
Figure 175. Applications roadmap to 2035 for graphene in paints and coatings.
Figure 176. SWOT analysis for graphene in paints and coatings.
Figure 177. Global revenues for graphene in paints & coatings, 2018-2035 (Millions USD).
Figure 178. Global demand for graphene in paints and coatings (tons), 2018-2035.
Figure 179. Cryorig CPU cooling system with graphene coating.
Figure 180. Four layers of graphene oxide coatings on polycarbonate.
Figure 181. 23303 ZINCTON GNC graphene paint.
Figure 182. Graphene-enhanced anti-corrosion aerosols under their Hycote brand.
Figure 183. Scania Truck head lamp brackets ACT chamber 6 weeks, equivalent to 3y field use. Piece treated with GO to the left together with different non-GO coatings.
Figure 184. Schematic of graphene heat film.
Figure 185. Applications roadmap to 2035 for graphene in photonics.
Figure 186. Applications of graphene in photonics.
Figure 187. SWOT analysis for graphene in photonics.
Figure 188. Global revenues for graphene in photonics, 2018-2035 (Millions USD).
Figure 189. Demand for graphene in photonics, 2018-2035.
Figure 190. All-graphene optical communication link demonstrator operating at a data rate of 25 Gb/s per channel.
Figure 191. Applications of graphene in photovoltaics.
Figure 192. Applications roadmap to 2035 for graphene in in photovoltaics.
Figure 193. SWOT analysis for graphene in photovoltaics.
Figure 194. Global revenues for graphene in photovoltaics, 2018-2035 (Millions USD).
Figure 195. Global demand for graphene in photovoltaics (tons), 2018-2035.
Figure 196. Graphene coated glass.
Figure 197. Applications of graphene in rubber and tyres.
Figure 198. Applications roadmap to 2035 for graphene in rubber and tyres.
Figure 199. SWOT analysis for graphene in rubber and tyres.
Figure 200. Global revenues for graphene in rubber & tyres 2018-2035 (Millions USD).
Figure 201. Global demand for graphene in rubber and tyres (tons), 2018-2035.
Figure 202. Eagle F1 graphene tyre.
Figure 203. Graphene floor mats.
Figure 204. Vittoria Corsa G+ tire.
Figure 205. Applications of graphene in smart textiles and apparel.
Figure 206. Applications roadmap to 2035 for graphene in textiles and apparel.
Figure 207. SWOT analysis for graphene in textiles and apparel.
Figure 208. Global revenues for graphene in textiles & apparel, 2018-2035 (Millions USD).
Figure 209. Global demand for graphene in textiles (tons), 2018-2035.
Figure 210. 878 Project One jacket display.
Figure 211. Colmar graphene ski jacket.
Figure 212. Graphene dress. The dress changes colour in sync with the wearer’s breathing.
Figure 213. G+ Graphene Aero Jersey.
Figure 214. Inov-8 graphene shoes.
Figure 215. Graphene Functional Membranes - UniTran GM.
Figure 216. Graphene jacket.
Figure 217. Callaway Chrome Soft golf and Chrome Soft X golf balls.
Figure 218. Carbon dioxide utilization and removal cycle.
Figure 219. Various pathways for CO2 utilization.
Figure 220. Example of underground carbon dioxide storage.
Figure 221. Transport of CCS technologies.
Figure 222. Railroad car for liquid CO2 transport
Figure 223. Estimated costs of capture of one metric ton of carbon dioxide (Co2) by sector.
Figure 224. CCUS market map.
Figure 225. Global capacity of point-source carbon capture and storage facilities.
Figure 226. Global carbon capture capacity by CO2 source, 2022.
Figure 227. Global carbon capture capacity by CO2 source, 2030.
Figure 228. Global carbon capture capacity by CO2 endpoint, 2022 and 2030.
Figure 229. Post-combustion carbon capture process.
Figure 230. Postcombustion CO2 Capture in a Coal-Fired Power Plant.
Figure 231. Oxy-combustion carbon capture process.
Figure 232. Liquid or supercritical CO2 carbon capture process.
Figure 233. Pre-combustion carbon capture process.
Figure 234. CO2 non-conversion and conversion technology, advantages and disadvantages.
Figure 235. Applications for CO2.
Figure 236. Cost to capture one metric ton of carbon, by sector.
Figure 237. Life cycle of CO2-derived products and services.
Figure 238. Co2 utilization pathways and products.
Figure 239. Graphene heating films.
Figure 240. Graphene flake products.
Figure 241. AIKA Black-T.
Figure 242. Printed graphene biosensors.
Figure 243. Prototype of printed memory device.
Figure 244. Brain Scientific electrode schematic.
Figure 245. Graphene battery schematic.
Figure 246. Dotz Nano GQD products.
Figure 247. Graphene-based membrane dehumidification test cell.
Figure 248. Proprietary atmospheric CVD production.
Figure 249. Wearable sweat sensor.
Figure 250.  InP/ZnS, perovskite quantum dots and silicon resin composite under UV illumination.
Figure 251. Sensor surface.
Figure 252. BioStamp nPoint.
Figure 253. Nanotech Energy battery.
Figure 254. Hybrid battery powered electrical motorbike concept.
Figure 255. NAWAStitch integrated into carbon fiber composite.
Figure 256. Schematic illustration of three-chamber system for SWCNH production.
Figure 257. TEM images of carbon nanobrush.
Figure 258. Test performance after 6 weeks ACT II according to Scania STD4445.
Figure 259. Quantag GQDs and sensor.
Figure 260. The Sixth Element graphene products.
Figure 261. Thermal conductive graphene film.
Figure 262. Talcoat graphene mixed with paint.
Figure 263. T-FORCE CARDEA ZERO.
Figure 264. Structures of nanomaterials based on dimensions.
Figure 265. Schematic of 2-D materials.
Figure 266. Diagram of the mechanical exfoliation method.
Figure 267. Diagram of liquid exfoliation method
Figure 268. Structure of hexagonal boron nitride.
Figure 269. BN nanosheet textiles application.
Figure 270. Structure diagram of Ti3C2Tx.
Figure 271.  Types and applications of 2D TMDCs.
Figure 272. Left: Molybdenum disulphide (MoS2). Right: Tungsten ditelluride (WTe2)
Figure 273. SEM image of MoS2.
Figure 274. Atomic force microscopy image of a representative MoS2 thin-film transistor.
Figure 275. Schematic of the molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) thin-film sensor with the deposited molecules that create additional charge.
Figure 276. Borophene schematic.
Figure 277. Black phosphorus structure.
Figure 278. Black Phosphorus crystal.
Figure 279. Bottom gated flexible few-layer phosphorene transistors with the hydrophobic dielectric encapsulation.
Figure 280: Graphitic carbon nitride.
Figure 281. Structural difference between graphene and C2N-h2D crystal: (a) graphene; (b) C2N-h2D crystal. Credit: Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology.
Figure 282. Schematic of germanene.
Figure 283. Graphdiyne structure.
Figure 284. Schematic of Graphane crystal.
Figure 285. Schematic of a monolayer of rhenium disulfide.
Figure 286. Silicene structure.
Figure 287. Monolayer silicene on a silver (111) substrate.
Figure 288. Silicene transistor.
Figure 289. Crystal structure for stanene.
Figure 290. Atomic structure model for the 2D stanene on Bi2Te3(111).
Figure 291. Schematic of Indium Selenide (InSe).
Figure 292. Application of Li-Al LDH as CO2 sensor.
Figure 293. Graphene-based membrane dehumidification test cell.