International and Life Course Aspects of COVID-19 describes the nuances and international variations of COVID-19 in different populations and age groups. This volume details those differences in chapters examining the effects of the virus at different life stages, including newborns, children, adolescents, and older populations. Consideration of the age-specific effects of COVID-19 on the brain are a major focus unique to this resource. International observations and global outcomes are also described. This volume is relevant for all clinicians working to ensure the best outcomes for patients with COVID-19 worldwide.
Table of Contents
PrefaceSection A: Introductory chapters and setting the scene
1. COVID-19 and mortality in children
2. Congenital and perinatal COVID-19: Diagnostic challenges, current management, and
outcomes
3. COVID-19 vaccine strategies
4. Social and community responses to public health and social measures for COVID-19: Community engagement for risk preparedness
Section B: International aspects
5. The COVID-19 pandemic in Italy: Ecological background and epidemiological dynamics
6 COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria
7. A bird's eye view of the COVID-19 pandemic in India: The past, present, and future
8. COVID-19 pandemic in Europe Malgorzata Gruchola and Malgorzata
9. COVID-19 in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC)
10. COVID-19 in Sudan: A multiperspective review
11. Asymptomatic infection by SARSCoV-2 at the beginning of the epidemic in Cuba: Evidence from
case series
12. Stress and anxiety due to COVID-19 in India
13. COVID-19 pandemic in Korea: A focus on medical management
14. Stigma experienced by healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: Global and Egyptian
perspectives
Section C: Reproduction, pregnancy and new-borns
15. The COVID-19 pandemic and breastfeeding
16. Impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on female fertility
17. Fetal death due to maternal COVID-19
18. The COVID-19 pandemic and identification of SARS-CoV-2 in the prostate
19. COVID-19 in pregnant women: Clinical course, treatment, and maternal/fetal outcome of vaccination during pregnancy
20. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic: SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG antibodies and their vertical
transfer
21. COVID-19 vaccination during lactation
22. Being pregnant during the COVID-19 pandemic: Impact of the trimester of gestation and measures of maternal mental health
23. COVID-19 related maternal mortality and SARS-CoV-2 variants
24. COVID-19-associated complications in pregnant women and neonates
25. SARS-CoV-2 and its impact on the developing fetal neurologic system
26. Impact of maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection in the placenta
Section D: Children and adolescents
27. T cells and their subsets in children with COVID-19
28. Pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome and SARS-CoV-2
29. Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on nutritional status of children
30. COVID-19 in children: Nutrition care
31. Eating disorders in children during the COVID-19 pandemic
32. Body composition in children with SARS-CoV-2 infection: Short and long term consequences
33. Risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and childhood obesity
34. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic during the lockdown and the post-COVID-19 effects on
the family system of children with disabilities
35. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on ordinary vaccination programs for very young children: BCG, MMR, poliomyelitis, and beyond
36. Immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination in children
37. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic: How physical fitness changes in children
38. The COVID-19 pandemic and children: Impact on physical activity
39. The COVID-19 pandemic and stress related to schooling
40. Suicidal thoughts and behaviors among adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic
41. The COVID-19 pandemic: Attending to hand hygiene measures in young people
(a review of different studies)
42. Child and adolescent COVID-19 vaccination: Trends, hesitancy, and strategies for increasing vaccination
43. Social distancing behavior and mental health in US adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic
44. Thrombotic complications in children and adolescents with SARS-CoV-2 infection
45. Features of SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination in children: A focus on magnetic resonance imaging of the heart
46. SARS-CoV-2 infection and the cytokine levels and pathway in children: An updated narrative
Section E: Older adults
47. Risk factors related to COVID-19 among older adults
48. Reducing loneliness and social isolation among the elderly during the COVID-19 pandemic
49. Features and measures of depression in the elderly and the impact of the COVID-19
pandemic: Linking in preexisting mental health
50. Experiences of disabled older adults in adult day care centers during the COVID-19 pandemic
51. Using single-cell analysis to investigate disease severity in elderly patients with COVID-19
52. COVID-19 and older adult food practices: A social determinants of health perspective
53. Older subjects and immunogenicity of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines
54. Noninvasive respiratory support in octogenarian patients with COVID-19
Section F: Case studies with mini review
55. Case study: COVID-19 severity in diabetic patients with and without seizure
56. Case study: Nonpharmaceutical interventions for COVID-19 and their social impact in Japan
57. Case study: Factors affecting vaccine uptake-Australian perspectives
58. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on an older disabled person
59. COVID-19 in the newborn: Clinical course and effects of maternal vaccination in pregnancy
Section G: Resources
60. Recommended resources for the international and life course aspects of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Authors
Rajkumar Rajendram Consultant in Internal Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, National Guard Heath Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.Dr Rajkumar Rajendram is a clinician scientist with a focus on internal medicine, anaesthesia, intensive care and peri-operative medicine. He graduated with distinctions from Guy's, King's and St. Thomas Medical School, King's College London in 2001. As an undergraduate he was awarded several prizes, merits and distinctions in pre-clinical and clinical subjects.
Dr Rajendram began his post-graduate medical training in general medicine and intensive care in Oxford. He attained membership of the Royal College of Physicians (MRCP) in 2004 and completed specialist training in acute and general medicine in Oxford in 2010. Dr Rajendram subsequently practiced as a Consultant in Acute General Medicine at the John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford.
Dr Rajendram also trained in anaesthesia and intensive care in London and was awarded a fellowship of the Royal College of Anaesthetists (FRCA) in 2009. He completed advanced training in regional anaesthesia and intensive care. He was awarded a fellowship of the Faculty of Intensive Care Medicine (FFICM) in 2013 and obtained the European diploma of intensive care medicine (EDIC) in 2014. He then moved to the Royal Free London Hospitals as a Consultant in Intensive Care, Anaesthesia and Peri-operative Medicine. He has been a fellow of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh (FRCP Edin) and the Royal College of Physicians of London (FRCP Lond) since 2017 and 2019 respectively. He is currently a Consultant in Internal Medicine at King Abdulaziz Medical City, National Guard Heath Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Dr Rajendram's focus on improving outcomes from Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has involved research on point of care ultrasound and phenotypes of COVID-19. Dr Rajendram also recognises that nutritional support is a fundamental aspect of medical care. This is particularly important for patients with COVID-19. As a clinician scientist he has therefore devoted significant time and effort into nutritional science research and education. He is an affiliated member of the Nutritional Sciences Research Division of King's College London and has published over 400 textbook chapters, review articles, peer-reviewed papers and abstracts.
Victor R Preedy Professor, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, King's College Hospital, London, UK; Emeritus Professor, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, UK Visiting Professor, University of Hull, UK. Victor R. Preedy BSc, PhD, DSc, FRSB, FRSPH, FRSC, FRCPath graduated with an Honours Degree in Biology and Physiology with Pharmacology. After gaining his University of London PhD, he received his Membership of the Royal College of Pathologists. He was later awarded his second doctorate (DSc), for his contribution to protein metabolism in health and disease. He is Professor of Clinical Biochemistry (Hon) at King's College Hospital and Emeritus Professor of Nutritional Biochemistry at King's College London. He has Honorary Professorships at the University of Hull, and the University of Suffolk. Professor Preedy was the Founding Director and then long-term Director of the Genomics Centre at King's College London from 2006 to 2020. Professor Preedy has been awarded fellowships of the Royal Society of Biology, the Royal College of Pathologists, the Royal Society for the Promotion of Health, the Royal Institute of Public Health, the Royal Society for Public Health, the Royal Society of Chemistry and the Royal Society of Medicine. He carried out research when attached to the National Heart Hospital (part of Imperial College London), The School of Pharmacy (now part of University College London) and the MRC Centre at Northwick Park Hospital. He has collaborated with international research groups in Finland, Japan, Australia, USA, and Germany. To his credit, Professor Preedy has published over 750 articles, which includes peer-reviewed manuscripts based on original research, abstracts and symposium presentations, reviews and edited books. Vinood Patel Reader, Clinical Biochemistry, University of Westminster, London, UK. Vinood B. Patel, BSc, PhD, FRSC, is currently Professor in Clinical Biochemistry at the University of Westminster. In 2014 Dr Patel was elected as a Fellow to The Royal Society of Chemistry. Dr Patel graduated from the University of Portsmouth with a degree in Pharmacology and completed his PhD in protein metabolism from King's College London in 1997. His postdoctoral work was carried out at Wake Forest University Baptist Medical School, NC, USA studying structural-functional alterations to mitochondrial ribosomes, where he developed novel techniques to characterize their biophysical properties. Research is being undertaken to study the role of nutrients, antioxidants, phytochemicals, iron, alcohol and fatty acids in the pathophysiology of liver disease. Other areas of interest are identifying new biomarkers that can be used for the diagnosis and prognosis of disease and understanding mitochondrial oxidative stress in neurological disorders and iron dysregulation in diabetes. Dr Patel is a nationally and internationally recognized researcher and has several edited biomedical books related to the use or investigation of active agents or components. These books include The Handbook of Nutrition, Diet, and Epigenetics, Branched Chain Amino Acids in Clinical Nutrition, Cancer: Oxidative Stress and Dietary Antioxidants, Toxicology: Oxidative Stress and Dietary Antioxidants, Molecular Nutrition: Vitamins, The Neuroscience of Pain, Cognitive Behavioural Therapy. He is Editor of the ten-volume series Biomarkers in Disease: Methods, Discoveries and Applications.
