Progress in Optical Wireless Communications - Visible Light Communications and Free Space Fiber 2022

Report
121 Pages
June 2022
Region: Global
PracTel Inc
ID: 5455910

This report continues the publisher’s project on optical wireless communications (OWC). It revises and updates reports on this subject published previously.

Particular, the report concentrates on:

VLC - Visible Light Communication
FSF - Free Space Fiber.

In connection with the VLC development, the report is addressing Light Emitting Diode (LED) technologies and markets. LED, in the near future, will be a dominant source of illumination; and used also as a transmitting device. The VLC LED-based channels promise to deliver high-speed data in offices, homes, and other environments with a high signal-to-noise ratio, and minimum infrastructure expenses.

The report is analyzing the emerging VLC industry, economics, technologies, standardization, and applications. It shows that the spectrum of VLC applications is increasing each year to support such developments as Intelligent Transportation Systems, Localization, and others. The report also surveys VLC-related patents.

FSF devices are solving access issues in metro and LAN environments. They are relatively inexpensive, and support Gb/s rates of transmission; they are also offering low maintenance costs, guarantee a short installation time, and security of communications. The report presents the FSF technologies and market analysis as well as discusses their applications together with the survey of vendors and their portfolios.

This report is important to a wide population of researchers, technical and sales staff involved in the developing of advanced Optical Wireless Communications systems. It is recommended for both service providers and vendors that are working with related technologies.

1.0 Introduction

1.1 General
1.2 Structure
1.3 LED as Communications Transmitter
1.4 Free Space Fiber
1.5 Scope
1.6 Research Methodology
1.7 Target Audience

2.0 LED Specifics

2.1 General
2.2 Spectrum
2.3 LED Types
2.4 LED Modulation
2.4.1 Limitations
2.5 LED Evolution
2.5.1 General
2.5.2 Benefits
2.5.3 Market Characteristics
2.5.4 Factors

3.0 Specifics of Visible Light Communications

3.1 General
3.1.1 VLC Drivers
3.1.2 Organizations - Examples
3.1.2.1 UC-Light Center
3.1.2.2 Li-Fi Consortium
3.1.2.3 Light Communications Alliance
3.2 VLC Standards Development
3.2.1 IEEE
3.2.1.1 802.15.7-2018
3.2.1.1.1 Considerations
3.2.1.1.2 Project
3.2.1.1.2.1 Coexistence
3.2.1.1.2.2 Essence
3.2.1.1.2.3 Base
3.2.1.1.2.4 Use Cases and Devices
3.2.1.1.2.5 Physical Layer
3.2.1.1.2.5.1 General
3.2.1.1.2.5.2 Responsibilities
3.2.1.1.2.5.3 Types
3.2.1.1.2.5.4 Error Protection
3.2.1.1.2.5.5 Rates
3.2.1.1.2.5.6 Frequency Plan
3.2.1.1.2.5.7 PHY Services
3.2.1.1.2.5.8 Regulations
3.2.1.1.2.6 MAC Layer
3.2.1.1.2.6.1 Topologies
3.2.1.1.2.6.2 Responsibilities
3.2.1.1.2.6.3 Functionalities
3.2.1.1.2.6.4 Channel Access
3.2.1.2 Security
3.2.1.3 802.11bb
3.2.1.4 802.15.13
3.2.2 Jeita (Japan Electronics and Information Technology Industries Association) Standards
3.2.2.1 JEITA CP-1221
3.2.2.2 JEITA CP-1222
3.2.2.3 JEITA CP-1223 (2013)
3.2.3 Visible Light Communications Association (VLCA)
3.2.3.1 General
3.2.3.2 Experimental Systems- VLCA Projects
3.2.4 ECMA 397-2010
3.2.5 ITU
3.2.5.1 G.9991
3.2.5.2 Report ITU-R SM.2422-0 (06/2018)
3.3 Details
3.3.1 Communication Channel
3.3.2 Transmitter
3.3.3 Receiver
3.3.3.1 Image Sensors
3.3.4 Major Characteristics
3.3.4.1 General
3.3.4.2 Modulation
3.3.4.3 VLC Channel: Characteristics Summary
3.3.4.4 Limiting Factors
3.3.5 Applications: Summary
3.3.5.1 ITS
3.3.5.2 Optical Wireless LAN
3.3.5.3 Medical
3.3.5.4 Localization
3.3.5.5 City Wide Wireless Network
3.3.5.6 Summary
3.4 Industry

Casio
Firefly
Fraunhofer IPMS
Lightbee
Nakagawa Laboratories
NEC
Oledcomm
Outstanding Technology
PureVLC-PureLi-Fi
Qualcomm
Renesas
Signify (Philips Lighting)
Supreme Architecture
VLNComm
Zero1

3.5 Market
3.6 5G View
3.6.1 Attocell
3.6.2 Cell Structures

4.0 Free Space Fiber

4.1 General
4.2 Major Characteristics
4.3 Protection
4.4 Applications
4.4.1 Major Use Cases
4.4.2 Requirements
4.4.3 Inter-satellite Links
4.4.4 Intra-building Communications
4.4.5 Inter-building Communications
4.5 FSF Communications Benefits and Limitations: Summary
4.5.1 Weather Factor
4.5.2 Building Swaying
4.6 Design Issues
4.7 Customers
4.8 FSF Market
4.8.1 General
4.8.2 Market Drivers
4.8.2.1 Market Segments
4.8.3 Competition
4.8.3.1 Fiber Optics Systems
4.8.3.2 Microwave
4.8.3.3 PONs
4.8.4 Forecast
4.8.4.1 General
4.8.4.2 Model Assumptions
4.8.4.3 Structure
4.8.4.4 Market Estimate
4.9 Vendors

CableFree
CBL
Dailianxu Engineering Company
fSONA
Guilin
Plaintree
SA Photonics

4.10 Standards
4.10.1 ITU G.640
4.10.2 ITU-R P.1814-2007
4.10.3 ARIB STD-T50 (OPTICAL WIRELESS LAN SYSTEM) v4-2009

5.0 Comparison: VLC and FSF6.0 Conclusions

List of Attachments

Attachment I: VLC - related Patents Survey (2018-2021)

List of Figures

Figure 1: OWC Illustration
Figure 2: LED Structure
Figure 3: LED Spectrum
Figure 4: White LED Properties Illustration
Figure 5: Estimate: Lighting LED Market - U.S. ($B)
Figure 6: Estimate: Lighting LED Market -U.S. (Bil. Units Shipped)
Figure 7: LED Price Factor
Figure 8: Cost and Brightness- Light Sources
Figure 9: Illustration: VLC Place
Figure 10: PHY Types
Figure 11: Topologies
Figure 12: Illustration-VLC Channel
Figure 13: VLC Applications
Figure 14: Channel Set-up
Figure 15: VLC Market Categories
Figure 16: Estimate: VLC Market - Global ($B)
Figure 17: VLC Market Geography (2020)
Figure 18: Simplified FSF Connection Diagram
Figure 19: FSF Market Segments
Figure 20: Estimate: FSF Global Market Value ($B)
Figure 21: FSF Market Geography

List of Tables

Table 1: VLC vs FSF
Table 2: LED Wavelengths (nm)
Table 3: Properties - Laser vs. LED
Table 4: Light Sources Characteristics
Table 5: VLC Use Cases
Table 6: Devices and Characteristics
Table 7: Frequency Plan
Table 8: VLC vs RF Properties
Table 9: VLC, IR and RF Communications - ITS Applications Comparison
Table 10: Locations Technologies - VLC Place

Companies Mentioned

CableFree
Casio
CBL
Dailianxu Engineering Company
Firefly
Fraunhofer IPMS
fSONA
Guilin
Lightbee
Nakagawa Laboratories
NEC
Oledcomm
Outstanding Technology
Plaintree
PureVLC-PureLi-Fi
Qualcomm
Renesas
SA Photonics
Signify (Philips Lighting)
Supreme Architecture
VLNComm
Zero1

Methodology

Considerable research was done using the Internet. Information from various Web sites was studied and analyzed; evaluation of publicly available marketing and technical publications was conducted.

Telephone conversations and interviews were held with industry analysts, technical experts and executives. In addition to these interviews and primary research, secondary sources were used to develop a more complete mosaic of the market landscape, including industry and trade publications, conferences and seminars.

The overriding objective throughout the work has been to provide valid and relevant information. This has led to a continual review and update of the information content.

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Particular, the report concentrates on:

Table of Contents

Companies Mentioned

Methodology

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