The Global Market for Biofuels 2025-2035

Report
437 Pages
July 2024
Region: Global
Future Markets, Inc
ID: 5639707

The biofuels market has emerged as a critical component in the global effort to transition towards more sustainable and environmentally friendly energy sources. Biofuels offer a promising alternative to traditional fossil fuels, particularly in the transportation sector. These renewable fuels, derived from biomass sources such as crops, agricultural residues, and organic waste, have the potential to significantly reduce emissions and decrease dependence on oil reserves. The importance of the biofuels market extends beyond environmental benefits. It plays a crucial role in rural economic development, creating jobs in agriculture and biofuel production facilities. Additionally, biofuels contribute to energy diversification, enhancing national energy security by reducing reliance on imported fossil fuels. As governments worldwide implement policies to promote renewable energy and reduce emissions, the biofuels market has experienced substantial growth and technological advancement.

This comprehensive 400 page report provides an in-depth analysis of the rapidly evolving global biofuels market, with detailed forecasts from 2025 to 2035. As the world transitions to more sustainable energy sources, biofuels are playing an increasingly critical role in reducing carbon emissions across transportation, industry, and power generation sectors.

The report offers a thorough examination of conventional and advanced biofuels, including biodiesel, renewable diesel, bioethanol, bio-jet fuel, biomethane, and emerging technologies like e-fuels and algae-based biofuels. It provides granular insights into market sizes, growth projections, key players, technological innovations, and regulatory landscapes shaping the industry's future.

Report contents include:

Detailed market forecasts for major biofuel types from 2025-2035
Analysis of feedstocks including energy crops, agricultural residues, forestry waste, and algae
Evaluation of production processes like pyrolysis, gasification, and fermentation
Assessment of biofuel applications in road transport, aviation, and marine sectors
Profiles of 221 companies across the biofuels value chain. Companies profiled include BTG Bioliquids, Byogy Renewables, Caphenia, Cepsa, Enerkem, Electro-Active Technologies Inc., Eni S.p.A., Ensyn, FORGE Hydrocarbons Corporation, Genecis Bioindustries, Gevo, Haldor Topsoe, HutanBio, Infinium Electrofuels, Kvasir Technologies, Lootah Biofuels, Neste, OMV, Opera Bioscience, Quantum Commodity Intelligence, Reverion GmbH, Steeper Energy, SunFire GmbH, Total, Vertus Energy, Viridos, Inc. and WasteFuel
Examination of policy support mechanisms and sustainability criteria globally

The report segments the market by fuel type, feedstock, application, and region, providing comprehensive data on production volumes, consumption patterns, and trade flows. It highlights the shift towards advanced biofuels and the integration of biofuel production with carbon capture technologies.

Feedstock Analysis

A key focus is the evolving landscape of biofuel feedstocks, from first-generation food crops to advanced lignocellulosic biomass and waste streams. The report examines:
- Comparative analysis of feedstock costs and availability
- Sustainability concerns and land use change impacts
- Innovations in energy crop development and agricultural practices
- Potential of municipal solid waste and industrial residues as feedstocks
- Emerging feedstocks like algae and CO2 for e-fuel production

Production Technologies

The study provides an in-depth look at both established and cutting-edge biofuel production technologies, including:
- Advances in enzymatic hydrolysis for cellulosic ethanol
- Improvements in biodiesel and renewable diesel production processes
- Biomass gasification and Fischer-Tropsch synthesis for drop-in fuels
- Hydrothermal liquefaction for algal biofuels
- Power-to-X technologies for e-fuel synthesis
- Biogas upgrading and biomethane production

Market Applications

Detailed analysis is provided for key biofuel applications:
- Road Transport: Ethanol and biodiesel blending trends, flex-fuel vehicles, and heavy-duty applications
- Aviation: Progress in bio-jet fuel commercialization and airline adoption strategies
- Marine: Potential for biofuels in meeting IMO 2020 sulphur regulations
- Power Generation: Use of biogas and biomethane for electricity production
- Industrial Uses: Biofuels as process energy and feedstock for biochemicals

Regional Analysis

The report offers a comprehensive regional breakdown, covering:
- North America: US and Canadian biofuel policies and production capacities
- Europe: Impact of RED II directives on market growth
- Asia Pacific: Rapid expansion in China, India, and Southeast Asian markets
- Latin America: Brazil's leadership in sugarcane ethanol and emerging markets
- Africa and Middle East: Potential for biofuel production and consumption

Competitive Landscape

An extensive analysis of the competitive environment includes:
- Market shares of leading biofuel producers
- Detailed company profiles of over 200 key players
- Strategic initiatives, partnerships, and M&A activities
- Investments in capacity expansion and new technology development
- Emerging start-ups and their innovative approaches

Regulatory Framework

A thorough examination of the regulatory landscape influencing biofuel markets, including:
- Renewable fuel standards and blending mandates by region
- Carbon pricing mechanisms and their impact on biofuel competitiveness
- Sustainability criteria and certification schemes
- Trade policies affecting biofuel imports and exports

Emerging Trends and Opportunities

The report highlights key trends shaping the future of the biofuels industry:
- Integration of biofuel production with carbon capture and utilization
- Development of bio-refineries producing multiple value-added products
- Increasing focus on waste-based and circular economy approaches
- Growing interest in e-fuels and power-to-liquid technologies
- Potential of biogas and biomethane in decarbonizing natural gas grids

Challenges and Risks

The study also addresses major challenges facing the biofuels industry:
- Feedstock availability and price volatility
- Competition with electric vehicles in road transport
- Sustainability concerns and indirect land use change
- Scaling up advanced biofuel technologies

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1 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

2.1 Comparison to fossil fuels
2.2 Role in the circular economy
2.3 Market drivers
2.4 Market challenges
2.5 Liquid biofuels market
2.5.1 Liquid biofuel production and consumption (in thousands of m3), 2000-2023
2.5.2 Liquid biofuels market 2020-2035, by type and production

3 INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENTS 2022-2024

4 BIOFUELS

4.1 Overview
4.2 The global biofuels market
4.2.1 Diesel substitutes and alternatives
4.2.2 Gasoline substitutes and alternatives
4.3 SWOT analysis: Biofuels market
4.4 Comparison of biofuel costs 2024, by type
4.5 Types
4.5.1 Solid Biofuels
4.5.2 Liquid Biofuels
4.5.3 Gaseous Biofuels
4.5.4 Conventional Biofuels
4.5.5 Advanced Biofuels
4.6 Feedstocks
4.6.1 First-generation (1-G)
4.6.2 Second-generation (2-G)
4.6.2.1 Lignocellulosic wastes and residues
4.6.2.2 Biorefinery lignin
4.6.3 Third-generation (3-G)
4.6.3.1 Algal biofuels
4.6.3.1.1 Properties
4.6.3.1.2 Advantages
4.6.4 Fourth-generation (4-G)
4.6.5 Advantages and disadvantages, by generation
4.6.6 Energy crops
4.6.6.1 Feedstocks
4.6.6.2 SWOT analysis
4.6.7 Agricultural residues
4.6.7.1 Feedstocks
4.6.7.2 SWOT analysis
4.6.8 Manure, sewage sludge and organic waste
4.6.8.1 Processing pathways
4.6.8.2 SWOT analysis
4.6.9 Forestry and wood waste
4.6.9.1 Feedstocks
4.6.9.2 SWOT analysis
4.6.10 Feedstock costs

5 HYDROCARBON BIOFUELS

5.1 Biodiesel
5.1.1 Biodiesel by generation
5.1.2 SWOT analysis
5.1.3 Production of biodiesel and other biofuels
5.1.3.1 Pyrolysis of biomass
5.1.3.2 Vegetable oil transesterification
5.1.3.3 Vegetable oil hydrogenation (HVO)
5.1.3.3.1 Production process
5.1.3.4 Biodiesel from tall oil
5.1.3.5 Fischer-Tropsch BioDiesel
5.1.3.6 Hydrothermal liquefaction of biomass
5.1.3.7 CO2 capture and Fischer-Tropsch (FT)
5.1.3.8 Dymethyl ether (DME)
5.1.4 Prices
5.1.5 Global production and consumption
5.2 Renewable diesel
5.2.1 Production
5.2.2 SWOT analysis
5.2.3 Global consumption
5.2.4 Prices
5.3 Bio-aviation fuel (bio-jet fuel, sustainable aviation fuel, renewable jet fuel or aviation biofuel)
5.3.1 Description
5.3.2 SWOT analysis
5.3.3 Global production and consumption
5.3.4 Production pathways
5.3.5 Prices
5.3.6 Bio-aviation fuel production capacities
5.3.7 Challenges
5.3.8 Global consumption
5.4 Bio-naphtha
5.4.1 Overview
5.4.2 SWOT analysis
5.4.3 Markets and applications
5.4.4 Prices
5.4.5 Production capacities, by producer, current and planned
5.4.6 Production capacities, total (tonnes), historical, current and planned

6 ALCOHOL FUELS

6.1 Biomethanol
6.1.1 SWOT analysis
6.1.2 Methanol-to gasoline technology
6.1.2.1 Production processes
6.1.2.1.1 Anaerobic digestion
6.1.2.1.2 Biomass gasification
6.1.2.1.3 Power to Methane
6.2 Ethanol
6.2.1 Technology description
6.2.2 1G Bio-Ethanol
6.2.3 SWOT analysis
6.2.4 Ethanol to jet fuel technology
6.2.5 Methanol from pulp & paper production
6.2.6 Sulfite spent liquor fermentation
6.2.7 Gasification
6.2.7.1 Biomass gasification and syngas fermentation
6.2.7.2 Biomass gasification and syngas thermochemical conversion
6.2.8 CO2 capture and alcohol synthesis
6.2.9 Biomass hydrolysis and fermentation
6.2.9.1 Separate hydrolysis and fermentation
6.2.9.2 Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF)
6.2.9.3 Pre-hydrolysis and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (PSSF)
6.2.9.4 Simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation (SSCF)
6.2.9.5 Direct conversion (consolidated bioprocessing) (CBP)
6.2.10 Global ethanol consumption
6.3 Biobutanol
6.3.1 Production
6.3.2 Prices

7 BIOMASS-BASED GAS

7.1 Feedstocks
7.1.1 Biomethane
7.1.2 Production pathways
7.1.2.1 Landfill gas recovery
7.1.2.2 Anaerobic digestion
7.1.2.3 Thermal gasification
7.1.3 SWOT analysis
7.1.4 Global production
7.1.5 Prices
7.1.5.1 Raw Biogas
7.1.5.2 Upgraded Biomethane
7.1.6 Bio-LNG
7.1.6.1 Markets
7.1.6.1.1 Trucks
7.1.6.1.2 Marine
7.1.6.2 Production
7.1.6.3 Plants
7.1.7 bio-CNG (compressed natural gas derived from biogas)
7.1.8 Carbon capture from biogas
7.2 Biosyngas
7.2.1 Production
7.2.2 Prices
7.3 Biohydrogen
7.3.1 Description
7.3.2 SWOT analysis
7.3.3 Production of biohydrogen from biomass
7.3.3.1 Biological Conversion Routes
7.3.3.1.1 Bio-photochemical Reaction
7.3.3.1.2 Fermentation and Anaerobic Digestion
7.3.3.2 Thermochemical conversion routes
7.3.3.2.1 Biomass Gasification
7.3.3.2.2 Biomass Pyrolysis
7.3.3.2.3 Biomethane Reforming
7.3.4 Applications
7.3.5 Prices
7.4 Biochar in biogas production
7.5 Bio-DME

8 CHEMICAL RECYCLING FOR BIOFUELS

8.1 Plastic pyrolysis
8.2 Used tires pyrolysis
8.2.1 Conversion to biofuel
8.3 Co-pyrolysis of biomass and plastic wastes
8.4 Gasification
8.4.1 Syngas conversion to methanol
8.4.2 Biomass gasification and syngas fermentation
8.4.3 Biomass gasification and syngas thermochemical conversion
8.5 Hydrothermal cracking
8.6 SWOT analysis

9 ELECTROFUELS (E-FUELS)

9.1 Introduction
9.1.1 Benefits of e-fuels
9.2 Feedstocks
9.2.1 Hydrogen electrolysis
9.2.2 CO2 capture
9.3 SWOT analysis
9.4 Production
9.4.1 eFuel production facilities, current and planned
9.5 Electrolysers
9.5.1 Commercial alkaline electrolyser cells (AECs)
9.5.2 PEM electrolysers (PEMEC)
9.5.3 High-temperature solid oxide electrolyser cells (SOECs)
9.6 Prices
9.7 Market challenges
9.8 Companies

10 ALGAE-DERIVED BIOFUELS

10.1 Technology description
10.2 Conversion pathways
10.3 SWOT analysis
10.4 Production
10.5 Market challenges
10.6 Prices
10.7 Producers

11 GREEN AMMONIA

11.1 Production
11.1.1 Decarbonisation of ammonia production
11.1.2 Green ammonia projects
11.2 Green ammonia synthesis methods
11.2.1 Haber-Bosch process
11.2.2 Biological nitrogen fixation
11.2.3 Electrochemical production
11.2.4 Chemical looping processes
11.3 SWOT analysis
11.4 Blue ammonia
11.4.1 Blue ammonia projects
11.5 Markets and applications
11.5.1 Chemical energy storage
11.5.1.1 Ammonia fuel cells
11.5.2 Marine fuel
11.6 Prices
11.7 Estimated market demand
11.8 Companies and projects

12 BIOFUELS FROM CARBON CAPTURE

12.1 Overview
12.2 CO2 capture from point sources
12.3 Production routes
12.4 SWOT analysis
12.5 Direct air capture (DAC)
12.5.1 Description
12.5.2 Deployment
12.5.3 Point source carbon capture versus Direct Air Capture
12.5.4 Technologies
12.5.4.1 Solid sorbents
12.5.4.2 Liquid sorbents
12.5.4.3 Liquid solvents
12.5.4.4 Airflow equipment integration
12.5.4.5 Passive Direct Air Capture (PDAC)
12.5.4.6 Direct conversion
12.5.4.7 Co-product generation
12.5.4.8 Low Temperature DAC
12.5.4.9 Regeneration methods
12.5.5 Commercialization and plants
12.5.6 Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) in DAC
12.5.7 DAC plants and projects-current and planned
12.5.8 Markets for DAC
12.5.9 Costs
12.5.10 Challenges
12.5.11 Players and production
12.6 Carbon utilization for biofuels
12.6.1 Production routes
12.6.1.1 Electrolyzers
12.6.1.2 Low-carbon hydrogen
12.6.2 Products & applications
12.6.2.1 Vehicles
12.6.2.2 Shipping
12.6.2.3 Aviation
12.6.2.4 Costs
12.6.2.5 Ethanol
12.6.2.6 Methanol
12.6.2.7 Sustainable Aviation Fuel
12.6.2.8 Methane
12.6.2.9 Algae based biofuels
12.6.2.10 CO2-fuels from solar
12.6.3 Challenges
12.6.4 SWOT analysis
12.6.5 Companies

13 BIO-OILS (PYROLYSIS OIL)

13.1 Description
13.1.1 Advantages of bio-oils
13.2 Production
13.2.1 Fast Pyrolysis
13.2.2 Costs of production
13.2.3 Upgrading
13.3 SWOT analysis
13.4 Applications
13.5 Bio-oil producers
13.6 Prices

14 REFUSE-DERIVED FUELS (RDF)

14.1 Overview
14.2 Production
14.2.1 Production process
14.2.2 Mechanical biological treatment
14.3 Markets

15 COMPANY PROFILES (221 COMPANY PROFILES)16 REFERENCES

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1. Market drivers for biofuels
Table 2. Market challenges for biofuels
Table 3. Liquid biofuels market 2020-2035, by type and production
Table 4. Industry developments in biofuels 2022-2024
Table 5. Comparison of biofuels
Table 6. Comparison of biofuel costs (USD/liter) 2024, by type
Table 7. Categories and examples of solid biofuel
Table 8. Comparison of biofuels and e-fuels to fossil and electricity
Table 9. Classification of biomass feedstock
Table 10. Biorefinery feedstocks
Table 11. Feedstock conversion pathways
Table 12. First-Generation Feedstocks
Table 13.Lignocellulosic ethanol plants and capacities
Table 14. Comparison of pulping and biorefinery lignins
Table 15. Commercial and pre-commercial biorefinery lignin production facilities andprocesses
Table 16. Operating and planned lignocellulosic biorefineries and industrial flue gas-to-ethanol
Table 17. Properties of microalgae and macroalgae
Table 18. Yield of algae and other biodiesel crops
Table 19. Advantages and disadvantages of biofuels, by generation
Table 20. Biodiesel by generation
Table 21. Biodiesel production techniques
Table 22. Summary of pyrolysis technique under different operating conditions
Table 23. Biomass materials and their bio-oil yield
Table 24. Biofuel production cost from the biomass pyrolysis process
Table 25. Properties of vegetable oils in comparison to diesel
Table 26. Main producers of HVO and capacities
Table 27. Example commercial Development of BtL processes
Table 28. Pilot or demo projects for biomass to liquid (BtL) processes
Table 29. Global biodiesel consumption, 2010-2035 (M litres/year)
Table 30. Global renewable diesel consumption, 2010-2035 (M litres/year)
Table 31. Renewable diesel price ranges
Table 32. Advantages and disadvantages of Bio-aviation fuel
Table 33. Production pathways for Bio-aviation fuel
Table 34. Current and announced Bio-aviation fuel facilities and capacities
Table 35. Global bio-jet fuel consumption 2019-2035 (Million litres/year)
Table 36. Bio-based naphtha markets and applications
Table 37. Bio-naphtha market value chain
Table 38. Bio-naphtha pricing against petroleum-derived naphtha and related fuel products
Table 39. Bio-based Naphtha production capacities, by producer
Table 40. Comparison of biogas, biomethane and natural gas
Table 41. Processes in bioethanol production
Table 42. Microorganisms used in CBP for ethanol production from biomass lignocellulosic
Table 43. Ethanol consumption 2010-2035 (million litres)
Table 44. Biogas feedstocks
Table 45. Existing and planned bio-LNG production plants
Table 46. Methods for capturing carbon dioxide from biogas
Table 47. Comparison of different Bio-H2 production pathways
Table 48. Markets and applications for biohydrogen
Table 49. Summary of gasification technologies
Table 50. Overview of hydrothermal cracking for advanced chemical recycling
Table 51. Applications of e-fuels, by type
Table 52. Overview of e-fuels
Table 53. Benefits of e-fuels
Table 54. eFuel production facilities, current and planned
Table 55. Main characteristics of different electrolyzer technologies
Table 56. Market challenges for e-fuels
Table 57. E-fuels companies
Table 58. Algae-derived biofuel producers
Table 59. Green ammonia projects (current and planned)
Table 60. Blue ammonia projects
Table 61. Ammonia fuel cell technologies
Table 62. Market overview of green ammonia in marine fuel
Table 63. Summary of marine alternative fuels
Table 64. Estimated costs for different types of ammonia
Table 65. Main players in green ammonia
Table 66. Market overview for CO2 derived fuels
Table 67. Point source examples
Table 68. Advantages and disadvantages of DAC
Table 69. Companies developing airflow equipment integration with DAC
Table 70. Companies developing Passive Direct Air Capture (PDAC) technologies
Table 71. Companies developing regeneration methods for DAC technologies
Table 72. DAC companies and technologies
Table 73. DAC technology developers and production
Table 74. DAC projects in development
Table 75. Markets for DAC
Table 76. Costs summary for DAC
Table 77. Cost estimates of DAC
Table 78. Challenges for DAC technology
Table 79. DAC companies and technologies
Table 80. Market overview for CO2 derived fuels
Table 81. Main production routes and processes for manufacturing fuels from captured carbon dioxide
Table 82. CO2-derived fuels projects
Table 83. Thermochemical methods to produce methanol from CO2
Table 84. pilot plants for CO2-to-methanol conversion
Table 85. Microalgae products and prices
Table 86. Main Solar-Driven CO2 Conversion Approaches
Table 87. Market challenges for CO2 derived fuels
Table 88. Companies in CO2-derived fuel products
Table 89. Typical composition and physicochemical properties reported for bio-oils and heavy petroleum-derived oils
Table 90. Properties and characteristics of pyrolysis liquids derived from biomass versus a fuel oil
Table 91. Main techniques used to upgrade bio-oil into higher-quality fuels
Table 92. Markets and applications for bio-oil
Table 93. Bio-oil producers
Table 94. Key resource recovery technologies
Table 95. Markets and end uses for refuse-derived fuels (RDF)
Table 96. Granbio Nanocellulose Processes

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1. Liquid biofuel production and consumption (in thousands of m3), 2000-2022
Figure 2. Distribution of global liquid biofuel production in 2022
Figure 3. Diesel and gasoline alternatives and blends
Figure 4. SWOT analysis for biofuels
Figure 5.Schematic of a biorefinery for production of carriers and chemicals
Figure 6. Hydrolytic lignin powder
Figure 7. SWOT analysis for energy crops in biofuels
Figure 8. SWOT analysis for agricultural residues in biofuels
Figure 9. SWOT analysis for Manure, sewage sludge and organic waste in biofuels
Figure 10. SWOT analysis for forestry and wood waste in biofuels
Figure 11. Range of biomass cost by feedstock type
Figure 12. Regional production of biodiesel (billion litres)
Figure 13. SWOT analysis for biodiesel
Figure 14. Flow chart for biodiesel production
Figure 15. Biodiesel (B20) average prices, current and historical, USD/litre
Figure 16. Global biodiesel consumption, 2010-2035 (M litres/year)
Figure 17. SWOT analysis for renewable iesel
Figure 18. Global renewable diesel consumption, 2010-2035 (M litres/year)
Figure 19. SWOT analysis for Bio-aviation fuel
Figure 20. Global bio-jet fuel consumption to 2019-2035 (Million litres/year)
Figure 21. SWOT analysis for bio-naphtha
Figure 22. Bio-based naphtha production capacities, 2018-2035 (tonnes)
Figure 23. SWOT analysis biomethanol
Figure 24. Renewable Methanol Production Processes from Different Feedstocks
Figure 25. Production of biomethane through anaerobic digestion and upgrading
Figure 26. Production of biomethane through biomass gasification and methanation
Figure 27. Production of biomethane through the Power to methane process
Figure 28. SWOT analysis for ethanol
Figure 29. Ethanol consumption 2010-2035 (million litres)
Figure 30. Properties of petrol and biobutanol
Figure 31. Biobutanol production route
Figure 32. Biogas and biomethane pathways
Figure 33. Overview of biogas utilization
Figure 34. Biogas and biomethane pathways
Figure 35. Schematic overview of anaerobic digestion process for biomethane production
Figure 36. Schematic overview of biomass gasification for biomethane production
Figure 37. SWOT analysis for biogas
Figure 38. Total syngas market by product in MM Nm³/h of Syngas, 2023
Figure 39. SWOT analysis for biohydrogen
Figure 40. Waste plastic production pathways to (A) diesel and (B) gasoline
Figure 41. Schematic for Pyrolysis of Scrap Tires
Figure 42. Used tires conversion process
Figure 43. Total syngas market by product in MM Nm³/h of Syngas, 2023
Figure 44. Overview of biogas utilization
Figure 45. Biogas and biomethane pathways
Figure 46. SWOT analysis for chemical recycling of biofuels
Figure 47. Process steps in the production of electrofuels
Figure 48. Mapping storage technologies according to performance characteristics
Figure 49. Production process for green hydrogen
Figure 50. SWOT analysis for E-fuels
Figure 51. E-liquids production routes
Figure 52. Fischer-Tropsch liquid e-fuel products
Figure 53. Resources required for liquid e-fuel production
Figure 54. Levelized cost and fuel-switching CO2 prices of e-fuels
Figure 55. Cost breakdown for e-fuels
Figure 56.Pathways for algal biomass conversion to biofuels
Figure 57. SWOT analysis for algae-derived biofuels
Figure 58. Algal biomass conversion process for biofuel production
Figure 59. Classification and process technology according to carbon emission in ammonia production
Figure 60. Green ammonia production and use
Figure 61. Schematic of the Haber Bosch ammonia synthesis reaction
Figure 62. Schematic of hydrogen production via steam methane reformation
Figure 63. SWOT analysis for green ammonia
Figure 64. Estimated production cost of green ammonia
Figure 65. Projected annual ammonia production, million tons to 2050
Figure 66. CO2 capture and separation technology
Figure 67. Conversion route for CO2-derived fuels and chemical intermediates
Figure 68.Conversion pathways for CO2-derived methane, methanol and diesel
Figure 69. SWOT analysis for biofuels from carbon capture
Figure 70. CO2 captured from air using liquid and solid sorbent DAC plants, storage, and reuse
Figure 71. Global CO2 capture from biomass and DAC in the Net Zero Scenario
Figure 72.DAC technologies
Figure 73. Schematic of Climeworks DAC system
Figure 74. Climeworks’ first commercial direct air capture (DAC) plant, based in Hinwil, Switzerland
Figure 75.Flow diagram for solid sorbent DAC
Figure 76. Direct air capture based on high temperature liquid sorbent by Carbon Engineering
Figure 77. Global capacity of direct air capture facilities
Figure 78. Global map of DAC and CCS plants
Figure 79. Schematic of costs of DAC technologies
Figure 80. DAC cost breakdown and comparison
Figure 81. Operating costs of generic liquid and solid-based DAC systems
Figure 82. Conversion route for CO2-derived fuels and chemical intermediates
Figure 83.Conversion pathways for CO2-derived methane, methanol and diesel
Figure 84. CO2 feedstock for the production of e-methanol
Figure 85. Schematic illustration of (a) biophotosynthetic, (b) photothermal, (c) microbial-photoelectrochemical, (d) photosynthetic and photocatalytic (PS/PC), (e) photoelectrochemical (PEC), and (f) photovoltaic plus electrochemical (PV EC) approaches for CO2
Figure 86. SWOT analysis: CO2 utilization in fuels
Figure 87. Audi synthetic fuels
Figure 88. Bio-oil upgrading/fractionation techniques
Figure 89. SWOT analysis for bio-oils
Figure 90. ANDRITZ Lignin Recovery process
Figure 91. ChemCyclingTM prototypes
Figure 92. ChemCycling circle by BASF
Figure 93. FBPO process
Figure 94. Direct Air Capture Process
Figure 95. CRI process
Figure 96. Cassandra Oilprocess
Figure 97. Colyser process
Figure 98. ECFORM electrolysis reactor schematic
Figure 99. Dioxycle modular electrolyzer
Figure 100. Domsjö process
Figure 101. FuelPositive system
Figure 102. INERATEC unit
Figure 103. Infinitree swing method
Figure 104. Audi/Krajete unit
Figure 105. Enfinity cellulosic ethanol technology process
Figure 106: Plantrose process
Figure 107. Sunfire process for Blue Crude production
Figure 108. Takavator
Figure 109. O12 Reactor
Figure 110. Sunglasses with lenses made from CO2-derived materials
Figure 111. CO2 made car part
Figure 112. The Velocys process
Figure 113. Goldilocks process and applications
Figure 114. The Proesa® Process

Companies Mentioned (Partial List)

A selection of companies mentioned in this report includes, but is not limited to:

BTG Bioliquids
Byogy Renewables
Caphenia
Cepsa
Enerkem
Electro-Active Technologies Inc.
Eni S.p.A.
Ensyn
FORGE Hydrocarbons Corporation
Genecis Bioindustries
Gevo
Haldor Topsoe
HutanBio
Infinium Electrofuels
Kvasir Technologies
Lootah Biofuels
Neste
OMV
Opera Bioscience
Quantum Commodity Intelligence
Reverion GmbH
Steeper Energy
SunFire GmbH
Total
Vertus Energy
Viridos
WasteFuel.

Methodology

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Report contents include:

Feedstock Analysis

Production Technologies

Market Applications

Regional Analysis

Competitive Landscape

Regulatory Framework

Emerging Trends and Opportunities

Challenges and Risks

Table of Contents

Companies Mentioned (Partial List)

Methodology

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