1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Electric Vehicle Definitions
1.2 EV Specifications
1.3 Evolution of the Powertrain in EVs
1.3.1 Resurgence and Hybrid Technology
1.3.2 Modern Electric Vehicles (2000s to Present)
1.3.3 Next-Generation Developments
1.4 Role of Power Electronics in EVs
1.5 Types of Power Electronic Components in EVs
1.5.1 Inverters
1.5.1.1 Function and Working Principle
1.5.1.2 Key Specifications and Requirements
1.5.1.3 Discretes & Modules
1.5.1.4 Inverter Printed Circuit Boards
1.5.2 DC-DC Converters
1.5.2.1 Function and Working Principle
1.5.2.2 Key Specifications and Requirements
1.5.3 Onboard Chargers (OBC)
1.5.3.1 Function and Working Principle
1.5.3.2 Key Specifications and Requirements
1.5.4 Other Components
1.5.4.1 Battery Management Systems (BMS)
1.5.4.2 High-Voltage Distributors
1.5.4.3 Auxiliary Power Modules (APMs)
1.5.4.4 Charging Control Units (CCUs)
1.5.4.5 DC Charging Inlet and Connector
1.6 Key Market Drivers and Trends
1.7 Power Electronics Value Chain
2 GLOBAL ELECTRIC VEHICLE MARKET TRENDS
2.1 Growth in Regional EV Markets
2.2 Regional Trends in Electric Vehicles (EVs)
2.2.1 China
2.2.2 Europe
2.2.3 USA
2.3 Hybrid Car Sales
2.4 Emissions Reduction with Powertrain
2.5 Costs of EVs
2.6 Issues with Chip Supply for EV Power Electronics
2.7 Global power electronics market size
3 EV POWER ELECTRONICS AND WBG SEMICONDUCTORS
3.1 Power Semiconductor Devices in Electric Vehicles
3.1.1 Integration of Power Electronics
3.2 Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors (IGBTs)
3.2.1 Structure and Working Principle
3.2.2 Key Properties and Applications
3.3 Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors (MOSFETs)
3.3.1 Structure and Working Principle
3.3.2 Key Properties and Applications
3.4 Wide Bandgap (WBG) Semiconductors
3.4.1 Silicon Carbide (SiC)
3.4.1.1 Advantages
3.4.1.2 SiC MOSFET
3.4.1.3 SiC Schottky Diode
3.4.1.4 Silicon Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors (Si IGBTs)
3.4.1.5 SiC in the automotive industry
3.4.1.6 Costs
3.4.1.7 High voltage charging platforms
3.4.1.8 SiC Substrate Manufacturing Chain
3.4.1.9 SiC Power Roadmap
3.4.2 Gallium Nitride (GaN)
3.4.2.1 Material Properties and Advantages
3.4.2.2 GaN HEMT and GaN FET
3.4.2.3 GaN for onboard chargers (OBCs) in EVs
3.4.2.4 Challenges for GaN Devices
3.4.2.5 Enhancement Mode vs Depletion Mode
3.4.2.6 Power electronics inverters
3.4.2.7 GaN Companies and Automotive Industry Suppliers
3.4.3 Comparative Analysis of Si, SiC, and GaN Devices
3.5 Inverters
3.5.1 Overview
3.5.2 Pulse Width Modulation
3.5.3 Traditional EV Inverter
3.5.4 Discretes & Modules
3.5.5 Inverter Printed Circuit Boards
3.5.6 Inverter Components and Cost
3.5.7 Global market
3.5.7.1 Inverters per Car
3.5.7.2 Global Inverter Market 2022-2035 (GW)
3.5.7.3 Global DC-DC Converter Market 2022-2035 (GW)
3.5.7.4 Global Inverter Cooling Unit Sales 2022-2035
3.5.7.5 Global Market for Discretes vs Power Modules for Inverters
3.6 Onboard Chargers (OBC)
3.6.1 Components
3.6.2 DC-DC Converters
3.6.3 Tesla Onboard Charger/DC-DC Converter
3.6.4 OBC by Level: 4kW, 6-11.5kW, 16-22kW 2023-2035
3.6.5 Global market
3.6.5.1 Global OBC Market for Si, SiC, GaN 2022-2035
3.6.5.2 Global OBC Market by Level 2023-2035.
3.6.5.3 Global Inverter, OBC, DC-DC Converter Revenues 2022-2035
3.6.5.4 Global Inverter, OBC, DC-DC Converter Unit Sales 2022-2035
3.6.5.5 Global DC-DC Converter Market for Si, SiC, GaN 2022-2035 (GW)
3.6.5.6 Global Inverter, OBC, DC-DC Converter Market 2022-2035 (GW)
4 TRENDS IN POWER ELECTRONICS FOR EVS
4.1 Improving efficiency
4.1.1 Transition from traditional 400V systems to higher-voltage 800V
4.1.1.1 SiC and 800V
4.1.1.2 800V charging speeds
4.1.1.3 Split battery pack configurations
4.1.1.4 Charging technology for 800V EVs
4.1.1.5 400V SiC Platforms
4.1.1.6 800V SiC and Si insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) inverters
4.1.1.7 800V Adoption
4.1.1.8 800V Pros and Cons
4.1.2 DC fast charging (DCFC) for Li-ion cells
4.2 Integration of Power Electronics
4.2.1 Integrated OBC with DC-DC converter
4.2.2 Traction Integrated Onboard charger (iOBC)
4.2.3 Hyundai Electric Global Modular Platform (E-GMP)
4.2.4 Combined Inverter and DC-DC Converter
4.2.5 SiC Diodes
4.2.5.1 Onboard Chargers
4.2.5.2 Inverters
4.2.5.3 Hybrid approach
5 SUPPLY CHAIN
5.1 SiC MOSFET and Si IGBT Suppliers
5.2 Automotive Power SC Suppliers
5.3 SiC MOSFET
5.3.1 Automotive OEMs and Suppliers
5.4 Si IGBT
5.4.1 Automotive OEMs and Suppliers
5.5 SiC Fabrication Centres
5.6 Device Suppliers
5.7 Tier-1 Suppliers
5.8 Automotive OEMs
5.9 Power Electronics Packages by Automotive OEM
6 THERMAL MANAGEMENT FOR EV POWER ELECTRONICS
6.1 Overview
6.1.1 Cooling approaches
6.1.2 Key thermal management strategies used in power electronics
6.2 Thermal Interface Materials (TIMs)
6.2.1 TIM1 and TIM2 in power electrics
6.2.2 Application of TIMs in EV Power Electronics
6.2.3 Flip Chip Packaging
6.2.4 Solders
6.2.5 Die-Attach Solution
6.2.5.1 Sintering
6.2.6 Companies
6.3 Liquid cooling - single and double sided
6.3.1 Single-Sided Cooling
6.3.1.1 Direct Single-Sided Cooling
6.3.1.2 Indirect Single-Sided Cooling
6.3.1.3 TIM2
6.3.2 Double-Sided Cooling (DSC)
6.3.2.1 Direct Double-Sided Cooling
6.3.2.2 Indirect Double-Sided Cooling
6.3.2.3 Advantages
6.3.2.4 Transition from single-sided to double-sided liquid cooling in power electronics
6.3.2.5 OEMs and suppliers implementing double-sided cooling
7 EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES
7.1 Advanced WBG Materials
7.2 Intelligent Power Modules with Embedded Sensing and Control
7.3 High-Frequency Switching Technologies
8 COMPANY PROFILES
8.1 Advanced Electric Machines Ltd
8.2 Arteco
8.3 BMW
8.4 BYD Auto
8.5 Diamond Foundry
8.6 Dynex Semiconductor (CRRC)
8.7 Efficient Power Conversion Corporation (EPC)
8.8 Elaphe
8.9 Equipmake
8.10 Fengzhi Ruilian
8.11 GaN Systems
8.12 General Motors
8.13 Heraeus
8.14 Hyundai
8.15 Infineon
8.16 Integral e-Drive
8.17 Lotus
8.18 Lucid Motors
8.19 Magna International
8.20 McLaren Automotive
8.21 Nexperia
8.22 NXP Semiconductors
8.23 Qorvo (QPT)
8.24 Renesas Electronics Corporation
8.25 Rivian
8.26 ROHM Semiconductor
8.27 STMicroelectronics
8.28 Transphorm
8.29 Valeo
8.30 Wolfspeed
8.31 ZF Friedrichshafen AG
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1. Electric Vehicle Definitions.
Table 2. Typical EV Specifications.
Table 3. Key Components of Modern EV Powertrains.
Table 4. Types of Power Electronic Components in EVs.
Table 5. Key Market Drivers and Trends in Power Electronics for EVs.
Table 6. Key Trends in China in EVs.
Table 7. Regional Trends in Europe for Electric Vehicles.
Table 8. EU Emissions and Targets.
Table 9. Regional Trends in the USA for Electric Vehicles.
Table 10. Powertrain Tailpipe Emissions Comparison
Table 11. Tailpipe emissions of different vehicle powertrains.
Table 12. Global power electronics market 2022-2035 (Billions USD).
Table 13. Power electronics in EVs.
Table 14. Applications for WBG Devices.
Table 15. Wide Bandgap (WBG) Semiconductor Advantages & Disadvantages, by type.
Table 16. Advantages of SiC Material.
Table 17. Comparison of Si IGBTs and SiC MOSFETs:
Table 18. Examples of SiC in the automotive industry.
Table 19. Si IGBT and SiC MOSFET Cost Comparison.
Table 20. SiC and GaN Device Cost Comparison.
Table 21. Si IGBT and SiC MOSFET Price Comparison.
Table 22. OEMs Adopting 800V Platforms.
Table 23. Automotive OEMs Using Si IGBTs.
Table 24. Suppliers of Si IGBTs.
Table 25. Automotive OEMs Using SiC MOSFETs.
Table 26. Suppliers of SiC MOSFETs.
Table 27. SiC-Specific Equipment.
Table 28. Players in 200mm SiC Wafer Production.
Table 29. Global 200mm SiC Wafer Production.
Table 30. Limitations of SiC Power Devices.
Table 31. Benefits of GaN in Automotive Applications.
Table 32. Challenges for GaN Devices.
Table 33. GaN vs. SiC in power electronics inverters.
Table 34. GaN companies.
Table 35. Major Players in GaN devices for the automotive sector.
Table 36. Benchmarking Silicon, Silicon Carbide & Gallium Nitride Semiconductors
Table 37. Performance Metrics of Si, SiC, and GaN Devices.
Table 38. Cost Comparison of Si, SiC, and GaN Devices.
Table 39. Suitability for Different EV Applications.
Table 40. Electric Vehicle Inverter Benchmarking.
Table 41. Inverter Components and Cost.
Table 42. Inverter, OBC & Converter, Si, SiC, GaN Cost Assumptions (US$ per kW).
Table 43. Inverters per Car 2022-2035.
Table 44. Global Inverter Market 2022-2035 (GW): GaN 600V, Si IGBT 600V, SiC MOSFET 600V, 1200V.
Table 45. Global DC-DC Converter Market: Si, SiC, GaN 2022-2035 (GW).
Table 46. Global Inverter Cooling Strategy Market 2022-2035 (Units).
Table 47. Global Market for Discretes vs Power Modules for Inverters 2022-2035 (Units).
Table 48. Expected onboard charger (OBC) circuit levels and their corresponding power ranges from 2023 to 2035.
Table 49. Global OBC Market: Si, SiC, GaN, 2022-2035 (GW).
Table 50. Global OBC Market by Level: 4kW, 6-11.5kW, 16-22kW 2023-2035.
Table 51. Global Inverter, OBC, DC-DC Converter Revenues 2022-2035 (US$ billion).
Table 52.Global Inverter, OBC, DC-DC Converter Sales 2022-2035 (Units).
Table 53. Global DC-DC Converter Market: Si, SiC, GaN 2022-2035 (GW).
Table 54. Global DC-DC Converter Market: Si, SiC, GaN 2022-2035 (GW).
Table 55. Global Inverter, OBC, DC-DC Converter Market 2022-2035 (GW).
Table 56. 400V SiC Platforms, by company.
Table 57. 800V Models in China.
Table 58. 800V Pros and Cons.
Table 59. DC Fast Charging Levels.
Table 60. Traction iOBC suppliers.
Table 61. Hybrid SiC Suppliers.
Table 62. SiC MOSFET vs Si IGBT: Overall Vehicle Cost.
Table 63. SiC MOSFET and Si IGBT Suppliers.
Table 64. Automotive Power SC Supplier Market Shares 2023.
Table 65. Automotive Power SC Supplier activities.
Table 66. Automotive OEMs and Their SiC MOSFET Suppliers.
Table 67. Automotive OEMs and Their Si IGBT Suppliers
Table 68. Recently established and planned SiC Fabrication Centres.
Table 69. Tier-1 Suppliers
Table 70. Power Electronics Packages by Automotive OEM.
Table 71. Summary of Cooling Approaches.
Table 72. Application of TIMs in EV Power Electronics.
Table 73. Comparison of Single-Sided Cooling and Double-Sided Cooling.
Table 74. Summary of Single-Sided Cooling.
Table 75. Benefits and Drawbacks of Single-Sided Cooling.
Table 76. Summary of Double-Sided Cooling (DSC).
Table 77. Double-Sided cooling examples
Table 78. Comparison of Advanced WBG Materials for Power Electronics.
Table 79. Technical Specifications of Arteco EV-Specific Water-Glycol Coolants
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1. Scheme of a battery electric vehicle.
Figure 2. Power Electronics Value Chain.
Figure 3. Global power electronics market 2022-2035 (Billions USD).
Figure 4. IGBT: Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor.
Figure 5. onsemi SiC MOSFETs.
Figure 6. SOITEC's SmartSiC technology.
Figure 7. structure of QST engineered substrate.
Figure 8. Inverters per Car Forecast 2022-2035.
Figure 9. Global Inverter Forecast 2022-2035 (GW): GaN 600V, Si IGBT 600V, SiC MOSFET 600V, 1200V.
Figure 10. Global DC-DC Converter Forecast: Si, SiC, GaN 2022-2035 (GW).
Figure 11. Global Inverter Cooling Strategy Market 2022-2035 (Units).
Figure 12. Global Market for Discretes vs Power Modules for Inverters 2022-2035 (Units).
Figure 13. Global OBC Market: Si, SiC, GaN, 2022-2035 (GW).
Figure 14. Global OBC Market by Level: 4kW, 6-11.5kW, 16-22kW 2023-2035.
Figure 15. Inverter, OBC, DC-DC Converter Forecast 2022-2035 (US$ billion).
Figure 16. Global Inverter, OBC, DC-DC Converter Sales 2022-2035 (Units).
Figure 17. Tesla Cybertruck split battery pack.
Figure 18. Porsche Taycan battery pack.
Figure 19. Preh's 800V onboard charger.
Figure 20. Hyundai 800V E-GMP platform.
Figure 21. Hyundai Electric Global Modular Platform (E-GMP).
Figure 22. Hybrid inverter proposed by STMicroelectronics.
Figure 23. Application of thermal interface materials in EVs.
Figure 24. Thermal Interface Materials companies.
Figure 25. Market Share of Single and Double-Sided Cooling: 2024-2035.
Figure 26. EliteSiC series of power modules.
Figure 27. AEM's SSRD rare earth free electric motor.
Figure 28. GD316x from NXP.
Figure 29. ZF Inverter with silicon carbide technology.
