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Pheochromocytoma: Understanding
Pheochromocytoma: Overview
Pheochromocytoma is a rare, usually benign tumor that originates in the adrenal medulla, the inner part of the adrenal gland. These tumors produce an excess of catecholamines, such as adrenaline (epinephrine) and noradrenaline (norepinephrine), hormones that are part of the body's stress response system. Although pheochromocytomas are generally non-cancerous, they can cause significant health issues due to the excessive hormone production, which can lead to life-threatening cardiovascular complications. While pheochromocytomas can occur at any age, they are most commonly diagnosed in individuals between 30 and 50 years old. The hallmark symptoms of pheochromocytoma are related to the excessive production of catecholamines. Common signs include high blood pressure (which can be persistent or episodic), severe headaches, sweating, palpitations, and rapid heart rate (tachycardia). Patients may also experience tremors, anxiety, and weight loss. These symptoms can mimic those of other conditions, making pheochromocytoma difficult to diagnose based on clinical presentation alone. In some cases, the tumor can also cause abdominal pain or a feeling of fullness due to its size and location.The exact cause of pheochromocytoma is often unknown, but genetic factors can play a significant role. Approximately 25-30% of cases are associated with hereditary syndromes such as Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia type 2 (MEN 2), von Hippel-Lindau disease, and neurofibromatosis type 1. The pathophysiology of pheochromocytoma involves the uncontrolled growth of chromaffin cells in the adrenal medulla, which leads to excessive secretion of catecholamines. These hormones increase heart rate and blood pressure, and their overproduction results in the symptoms associated with the condition.
Diagnosing pheochromocytoma involves a combination of biochemical tests and imaging studies. The measurement of plasma free metanephrines or urinary fractionated metanephrines (metabolites of catecholamines) is the primary biochemical test used to confirm excess hormone production. Once biochemical evidence is obtained, imaging studies such as computed tomography (CT) scans or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are used to locate the tumor. In some cases, specialized imaging techniques like metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) scintigraphy or positron emission tomography (PET) scans may be necessary to detect extra-adrenal or metastatic tumors.
The primary treatment for pheochromocytoma is surgical removal of the tumor. Before surgery, patients are typically treated with medications to manage their blood pressure and heart rate, including alpha-blockers and beta-blockers, to prevent complications during the procedure. In cases where the tumor is malignant or has spread beyond the adrenal glands, additional treatments such as chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or targeted therapies may be required. Long-term follow-up is essential as recurrence can occur, and ongoing monitoring for hypertension and other symptoms is necessary to ensure patient health and safety.
"Pheochromocytoma- Pipeline Insight, 2024" report outlays comprehensive insights of present scenario and growth prospects across the indication. A detailed picture of the Pheochromocytoma pipeline landscape is provided which includes the disease overview and Pheochromocytoma treatment guidelines. The assessment part of the report embraces, in depth Pheochromocytoma commercial assessment and clinical assessment of the pipeline products under development. In the report, detailed description of the drug is given which includes mechanism of action of the drug, clinical studies, NDA approvals (if any), and product development activities comprising the technology, Pheochromocytoma collaborations, licensing, mergers and acquisition, funding, designations and other product related details.
Report Highlights
The companies and academics are working to assess challenges and seek opportunities that could influence Pheochromocytoma R&D. The therapies under development are focused on novel approaches to treat/improve Pheochromocytoma.Pheochromocytoma Emerging Drugs Chapters
This segment of the Pheochromocytoma report encloses its detailed analysis of various drugs in different stages of clinical development, including phase II, I, preclinical and Discovery. It also helps to understand clinical trial details, expressive pharmacological action, agreements and collaborations, and the latest news and press releases.Pheochromocytoma Emerging Drugs
EO2401: Enterome
EO2401 is first-in-class off-the-shelf OncoMimics™ peptide-based immunotherapy. It combines three microbial-derived OncoMimics™ peptides that closely mimic specific cytotoxic T cell (CD8+ T cell) epitopes on the Tumor-Associated Antigens IL13Ra2, BIRC5 and FOXM1, combined with the helper peptide (CD4+ T cell epitope) Universal Cancer Peptide 2 (UCP2). EO2041 is designed to trigger the immune system into recognizing these epitopes on glioblastoma cells as foreign (non-self) and eliciting a targeted memory T-cell driven cell-killing response against the tumor cells. SPENCER (EOADR1-19) is a multicenter, open-label, first-in-human, Phase I/II study of EO2401 in combination with an immune checkpoint inhibitor (nivolumab) for the treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic adrenocortical carcinoma, or malignant pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma. Preliminary results have been presented at ASCO 2022. Currently, the drug is in Phase II stage of its development for the treatment of Pheochromocytoma as per the company's pipeline.Pheochromocytoma: Therapeutic Assessment
This segment of the report provides insights about the different Pheochromocytoma drugs segregated based on following parameters that define the scope of the report, such as:Major Players in Pheochromocytoma
- There are approx. 3+ key companies which are developing the therapies for Pheochromocytoma. The companies which have their Pheochromocytoma drug candidates in the most advanced stage, i.e. phase II include, Enterome.
Phases
DelveInsight’s report covers around 3+ products under different phases of clinical development like
- Late stage products (Phase III)
- Mid-stage products (Phase II)
- Early-stage product (Phase I) along with the details of
- Pre-clinical and Discovery stage candidates
- Discontinued & Inactive candidates
Route of Administration
Pheochromocytoma pipeline report provides the therapeutic assessment of the pipeline drugs by the Route of Administration. Products have been categorized under various ROAs such as- Oral
- Intravenous
- Subcutaneous
- Parenteral
- Topical
- Molecule Type
Products have been categorized under various Molecule types such as
- Recombinant fusion proteins
- Small molecule
- Monoclonal antibody
- Peptide
- Polymer
- Gene therapy
- Product Type
Pheochromocytoma: Pipeline Development Activities
The report provides insights into different therapeutic candidates in phase II, I, preclinical and discovery stage. It also analyses Pheochromocytoma therapeutic drugs key players involved in developing key drugs.Pipeline Development Activities
The report covers the detailed information of collaborations, acquisition and merger, licensing along with a thorough therapeutic assessment of emerging Pheochromocytoma drugs.Pheochromocytoma Report Insights
- Pheochromocytoma Pipeline Analysis
- Therapeutic Assessment
- Unmet Needs
- Impact of Drugs
Pheochromocytoma Report Assessment
- Pipeline Product Profiles
- Therapeutic Assessment
- Pipeline Assessment
- Inactive drugs assessment
- Unmet Needs
Key Questions
Current Treatment Scenario and Emerging Therapies:
- How many companies are developing Pheochromocytoma drugs?
- How many Pheochromocytoma drugs are developed by each company?
- How many emerging drugs are in mid-stage, and late-stage of development for the treatment of Pheochromocytoma?
- What are the key collaborations (Industry-Industry, Industry-Academia), Mergers and acquisitions, licensing activities related to the Pheochromocytoma therapeutics?
- What are the recent trends, drug types and novel technologies developed to overcome the limitation of existing therapies?
- What are the clinical studies going on for Pheochromocytoma and their status?
- What are the key designations that have been granted to the emerging drugs?
Key Players
- Enterome
- Perspective Therapeutics
Key Products
- EO2401
- VMT-𝛼-NET
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Table of Contents
Companies Mentioned (Partial List)
A selection of companies mentioned in this report includes, but is not limited to:
- Enterome
- Perspective Therapeutics