The Global Smart and Sustainable Buildings Market 2025-2035

1.1 What are Smart Buildings?
1.2 Integration into Smart Cities
1.3 Evolution of Smart Building Technology
1.4 Market Drivers
1.5 Market Challenges
1.6 Market revenues and forecasts, by technology area 2020-2035
1.7 Adaptive facades
1.8 Smart/switchable/dynamic glass or smart windows
1.9 Advanced thermal and sound insulation
1.10 Smart lighting
1.11 Smart coatings
1.12 Energy harvesting
1.13 AI in Smart Buildings

2.1 What is smart glass?
2.2 Market drivers for smart glass
2.3 Smart windows
2.3.1 Controlling light transmission
2.4 Types of smart glass
2.4.1 Passive smart glass
2.4.2 Active smart glass
2.5 Comparison of smart glass technologies
2.6 Nanomaterials in smart glass
2.7 Competitive landscape
2.8 Manufacturers
2.9 Routes to market
2.9.1 Residential and commercial glazing
2.10 Market and technical challenges
2.11 Future of smart glass
2.11.1 Need for innovation
2.11.2 Reducing costs
2.11.3 Integration with building systems/Internet of things (IoT)
2.11.4 Photovoltaic smart glass
2.11.5 Faster switching times
2.12 Advanced materials for smart glass and windows
2.12.1 Electrochromic (EC) smart glass
2.12.1.1 Technology description
2.12.1.2 Materials
2.12.1.2.1 Inorganic metal oxides
2.12.1.2.2 Organic EC materials
2.12.1.2.3 Nanomaterials
2.12.1.3 Benefits
2.12.1.4 Shortcomings
2.12.1.5 Application in residential and commercial windows
2.12.2 Thermochromic smart glass
2.12.2.1 Technology description
2.12.2.2 Benefits
2.12.2.3 Shortcomings
2.12.2.4 Application in residential and commercial windows
2.12.3 Suspended particle device (SPD) smart glass
2.12.3.1 Technology description
2.12.3.2 Benefits
2.12.3.3 Shortcomings
2.12.3.4 Application in residential and commercial windows
2.12.4 Polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) smart glass
2.12.4.1 Technology description
2.12.4.2 Types
2.12.4.2.1 Laminated Switchable PDLC Glass
2.12.4.2.2 Self-adhesive Switchable PDLC Film
2.12.4.3 Benefits
2.12.4.4 Shortcomings
2.12.4.5 Application in residential and commercial windows
2.12.4.5.1 Interior glass
2.12.5 Photochromic smart glass
2.12.5.1 Technology analysis
2.12.5.2 Application in residential and commercial windows
2.12.6 Micro-blinds
2.12.6.1 Technology analysis
2.12.6.2 Benefits
2.12.7 Electrokinetic glass
2.12.7.1 Technology analysis
2.12.8 Other advanced glass technologies
2.12.8.1 Graphene smart glass
2.12.8.2 Heat insulation solar glass (HISG)
2.12.8.3 Quantum dot solar glass
2.13 Companies (51 company profiles)

3.1 HVAC Control
3.1.1 Smart Thermostats
3.1.2 Variable Air Volume (VAV) Systems
3.1.3 Heat Recovery Systems
3.1.4 Demand-Controlled Ventilation
3.2 Lighting Control
3.2.1 Occupancy-Based Lighting
3.2.2 Daylight Harvesting Systems
3.2.3 LED Lighting Control
3.2.4 Color-Tunable Lighting
3.2.5 Wireless Lighting Control Networks
3.3 Security and Access Control
3.3.1 Biometric Access Systems
3.3.2 Video Surveillance
3.3.3 Intrusion Detection Systems
3.3.4 Smart Locks and Keyless Entry
3.3.5 Visitor Management Systems
3.4 Energy Management Systems
3.4.1 Real-Time Energy Monitoring
3.4.2 Energy Analytics and Reporting
3.4.3 Demand Response Systems
3.4.4 Microgrid Integration
3.4.5 Building Energy Modeling and Simulation
3.5 Companies (109 company profiles)

4.1 Market drivers
4.2 Concrete additives
4.2.1 Graphene
4.2.2 Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)
4.2.3 Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs)
4.2.4 Cellulose nanofibers
4.2.5 Nanosilica
4.2.6 Nano-titania (TiO2)
4.2.7 Zycosoil
4.2.8 Phase change materials
4.2.9 Self-healing materials
4.2.9.1 Extrinsic self-healing
4.2.9.2 Capsule-based
4.2.9.3 Vascular self-healing
4.2.9.4 Intrinsic self-healing
4.2.9.5 Healing volume
4.2.9.6 Self-healing concrete
4.2.9.6.1 Bioconcrete
4.2.9.6.2 Fibre concrete
4.3 Self-sensing concrete
4.3.1 Filler materials
4.3.2 Applications
4.4 Memory steel
4.5 Biomaterials
4.5.1 Mycelium
4.5.2 Microalgae biocement
4.6 Carbon-negative concrete
4.7 3D Printed Building Components
4.8 Companies (40 company profiles)

5.1 Overview
5.1.1 Tuned Mass Dampers
5.1.2 Viscous Dampers
5.1.3 Base Isolation Systems
5.2 Advanced materials for vibration damping
5.2.1 Metamaterials
5.2.2 Shape memory materials
5.2.2.1 Shape memory effect
5.2.2.2 Superelasticity
5.2.2.3 Nickel-Titanium (Ni-Ti) alloys
5.2.2.3.1 Properties
5.2.2.4 Copper-based SMAs
5.2.2.5 Iron-based SMAs
5.2.2.6 Hardened high temperature shape memory alloys (HTSMAs)
5.2.2.7 Titanium-Tantalum (Ti-Ta)-based alloys
5.2.2.8 Shape-memory polymers
5.2.3 Carbon nanotubes
5.2.4 Magnetorheological fluid (MRF)
5.2.5 Magnetostrictive materials
5.2.6 Piezoelectric ceramics
5.3 Companies (8 company profiles)

6.1 Market drivers
6.2 Technologies
6.2.1 Thermal Regulation Coatings
6.2.2 Photocatalytic self-cleaning coatings
6.2.2.1 Glass coatings
6.2.2.2 Exterior coatings
6.2.2.3 Interior coatings
6.2.2.3.1 Medical facilities
6.2.2.3.2 Antimicrobial coating indoor light activation
6.2.3 Hydrophobic coatings
6.2.4 Superhydrophobic surfaces
6.2.4.1 Properties
6.2.5 Anti-fouling and easy-to-clean coatings
6.2.6 Advanced antimicrobial coatings
6.2.6.1 Metallic-based coatings
6.2.6.2 Polymer-based coatings
6.2.6.3 Mode of action
6.2.7 Thermally insulating paint
6.2.8 High reflectance coatings
6.2.9 Self-healing coatings
6.3 Companies (66 company profiles)

7.1 Market drivers
7.2 HEPA and ULPA Filtration
7.3 UV-C Air Purification
7.4 Smart Ventilation Systems
7.5 Demand-controlled Ventilation
7.6 Advanced materials for smart filtration and HVAC
7.6.1 Nanomaterials
7.6.2 Carbon nanotubes
7.6.3 Graphene
7.6.4 Nanofibers
7.6.4.1 Polymer nanofibers
7.6.4.2 Cellulose nanofibers
7.6.5 Nanosilver
7.6.6 Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOF)
7.6.7 Phase change materials
7.6.8 Nano-TiO2 photocatalyst coatings
7.7 Companies (28 company profiles)

8.1 Advanced materials for heating and energy efficiency
8.2 Market drivers
8.3 Technologies and Materials
8.3.1 Vacuum Insulation Panels (VIP)
8.3.2 Aerogel Insulation
8.3.2.1 Commercially available aerogels
8.3.2.2 Silica aerogels
8.3.2.2.1 Properties
8.3.2.2.1.1 Thermal conductivity
8.3.2.2.1.2 Mechanical
8.3.2.2.2 Monoliths
8.3.2.2.3 Powder
8.3.2.2.4 Granules
8.3.2.2.5 Blankets
8.3.2.2.6 Aerogel boards
8.3.2.2.7 Aerogel renders
8.3.2.3 Aerogel-like polymer foams
8.3.2.4 Biobased aerogels (bio-aerogels)
8.3.2.4.1 Cellulose aerogels
8.3.2.4.1.1 Cellulose nanofiber (CNF) aerogels
8.3.2.4.1.2 Cellulose nanocrystal aerogels
8.3.2.4.2 Lignin aerogels
8.3.2.4.3 Alginate aerogels
8.3.2.4.4 Starch aerogels
8.3.2.5 Thermal and sound insulation
8.3.2.6 3D printed aerogels
8.3.3 Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOF)
8.3.3.1 Heat exchangers for heat pumps
8.3.4 Phase change materials
8.3.4.1 Organic/biobased phase change materials
8.3.4.1.1 Paraffin wax
8.3.4.1.2 Non-Paraffins/Bio-based
8.3.4.2 Inorganic phase change materials
8.3.4.2.1 Salt hydrates
8.3.4.2.2 Metal and metal alloy PCMs (High-temperature)
8.3.4.3 Eutectic mixtures
8.3.4.4 Encapsulation of PCMs
8.3.4.4.1 Macroencapsulation
8.3.4.4.2 Micro/nanoencapsulation
8.3.4.5 Nanomaterial phase change materials
8.3.4.6 PCMS in buildings and construction
8.3.4.6.1 Water heaters
8.3.4.6.2 Thermal batteries for water heaters and EVs
8.3.5 Acoustic Metamaterials
8.3.5.1 Metasurfaces
8.3.5.2 Types of metamaterials
8.3.5.3 Sound insulation
8.3.6 Graphene Insulation
8.3.7 Nanofiber-based insulation material
8.3.7.1 Polymer nanofibers
8.3.7.2 Alumina nanofibers
8.3.8 Green Insulation Materials
8.4 Companies (38 company profiles)

9.1 Market drivers
9.2 Technologies
9.2.1 Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting
9.2.2 Thermoelectric Energy Harvesting
9.2.3 Kinetic Energy Harvesting
9.2.4 Solar Energy Systems
9.2.4.1 Photovoltaic glazing
9.2.4.2 Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs)
9.2.4.3 Organic solar cells (OSCs)
9.2.4.4 Perovskite solar cells (PSCs)
9.2.4.5 Quantum dot solar cells (QDSCs)
9.2.4.6 Copper zinc tin sulphide solar cells (CZTS)
9.2.5 Microalgae bioreactive façades
9.3 Companies (60 company profiles)

10.1 Market drivers
10.2 Types of smart building sensors
10.3 Applications
10.4 Occupancy Sensors
10.4.1 Passive Infrared (PIR) Sensors
10.4.2 Ultrasonic Sensors
10.4.3 Microwave Sensors
10.4.4 Image Processing Occupancy Sensors
10.4.5 Dual Technology Sensors
10.5 Environmental Sensors
10.5.1 Temperature Sensors
10.5.2 Humidity Sensors
10.5.3 CO2 Sensors
10.5.4 VOC (Volatile Organic Compound) Sensors
10.5.5 Particulate Matter (PM) Sensors
10.5.6 Light Level Sensors
10.6 Structural Health Monitoring Sensors
10.6.1 Vibration Sensors
10.6.2 Strain Gauges
10.6.3 Crack Meters
10.6.4 Tilt Sensors
10.6.5 Corrosion Sensors
10.7 IoT Platforms for Smart Buildings
10.7.1 Cloud-based IoT Platforms
10.7.2 Edge Computing Solutions
10.7.3 IoT Data Analytics Platforms
10.7.4 IoT Security Solutions
10.7.5 IoT Device Management Platforms
10.8 Energy Monitoring Sensors
10.8.1 Power Meters
10.8.2 Current Transformers
10.8.3 Voltage Sensors
10.8.4 Smart Energy Meters
10.9 Water Management Sensors
10.9.1 Water Flow Sensors
10.9.2 Leak Detection Sensors
10.9.3 Water Quality Sensors
10.9.4 Pressure Sensors
10.10 Companies (25 company profiles)

11.1 Predictive Maintenance
11.1.1 Equipment Failure Prediction
11.1.2 Maintenance Scheduling Optimization
11.1.3 Anomaly Detection in Building Systems
11.1.4 Predictive Diagnostics for HVAC Systems
11.2 Energy Optimization Algorithms
11.2.1 Load Forecasting
11.2.2 Energy Consumption Pattern Analysis
11.2.3 Dynamic Energy Pricing Optimization
11.2.4 Renewable Energy Integration Optimization
11.3 Occupant Comfort Management
11.3.1 Personalized Comfort Profiles
11.3.2 Adaptive Thermal Comfort Models
11.3.3 Indoor Air Quality Optimization
11.3.4 Lighting Preference Learning
11.4 Building Performance Analytics
11.4.1 Real-time Performance Monitoring
11.4.2 Benchmarking and Comparative Analysis
11.4.3 Fault Detection and Diagnostics
11.4.4 Energy Performance Simulation and Modeling
11.5 Smart Space Management
11.5.1 Occupancy Pattern Analysis
11.5.2 Space Utilization Optimization
11.5.3 Hot-desking and Workspace Allocation
11.5.4 Meeting Room Scheduling Optimization
11.6 Security and Access Control AI
11.6.1 Facial Recognition Systems
11.6.2 Behavioral Anomaly Detection
11.6.3 Intelligent Video Surveillance
11.6.4 AI-powered Threat Assessment
11.7 Companies (20 company profiles)

12.1 Market drivers
12.2 Advanced materials for smart lighting
12.2.1 LEDs
12.2.2 Organic LEDs (OLEDs)
12.2.3 Quantum dots
12.2.4 Graphene
12.2.5 Sensor-based lighting
12.3 Companies (21 company profiles)

13.1 Aims and objectives of this study
13.2 Research methodology
14 REFERENCES

Table 1. Market drivers for advanced technologies and materials in smart and sustainable buildings
Table 2. Market Challenges in smart and sustainable buildings
Table 3. Summary of adaptive facade technologies and processes
Table 4. Markets for smart glass and windows
Table 5: Properties of nanocoatings
Table 6. Comparison of smart glass and windows types
Table 7. Market drivers for smart glass
Table 8. Technologies controlling daylight transmission
Table 9. Types of passive smart glass
Table 10. Types of active smart glass
Table 11. Advantages and disadvantages of respective smart glass technologies
Table 12. Market structure for smart glass and windows
Table 13. Manufacturers of smart film and glass, by type
Table 14. Routes to market for smart glass companies
Table 15. Technologies for smart windows in buildings
Table 16. Market and technical challenges for smart glass and windows, by main technology type
Table 17. Types of electrochromic materials and applications
Table 18. Market drivers for advanced construction materials
Table 19. Graphene for concrete and cement
Table 20. Typical properties of nanosilica
Table 21. Types of self-healing coatings and materials
Table 22. Comparative properties of self-healing materials
Table 23. Types of self-healing concrete
Table 24. Types of fillers in self-sensing concrete
Table 25. Applications of self-sensing concrete
Table 26. Overview of mycelium fibers-description, properties, drawbacks and applications
Table 27. Physical properties of NiTi
Table 28. Applications of shape memory materials in construction and stage of development
Table 29. Properties of copper-based shape memory alloys
Table 30. Comparison between the SMAs and SMPs
Table 31. Market drivers for smart coatings in buildings
Table 32. Advanced coating applied in the building and construction industry
Table 33. Contact angles of hydrophilic, super hydrophilic, hydrophobic and superhydrophobic surfaces
Table 34. Anti-fouling and easy-to-clean coatings-Nanomaterials used, principles, properties and applications
Table 35. Polymer-based coatings for antimicrobial coatings and surfaces
Table 36. Market drivers for smart air filtration and HVAC
Table 37. Smart Ventilation Systems
Table 38. Comparison of CNT membranes with other membrane technologies
Table 39. Market and applications for graphene in filtration
Table 40. Market assessment for PCMs in building and construction-market age, applications, key benefits and motivation for use, market drivers and trends, market challenges
Table 41. Types of thermal insulation materials
Table 42. Market drivers for advanced materials in thermal and sound insulation
Table 43. Technologies controlling heat loss from windows, walls and roofs in smart and sustainable buildings
Table 44. Comparison of VIP with other insulation
Table 45. Market overview of aerogels in building and construction-market drivers, types of aerogels utilized, motivation for use of aerogels, applications, TRL
Table 46. General properties and value of aerogels
Table 47. Commercially available aerogel-enhanced blankets
Table 48. PCM Types and properties
Table 49. Advantages and disadvantages of organic PCM Fatty Acids
Table 50. Advantages and disadvantages of salt hydrates
Table 51. Advantages and disadvantages of low melting point metals
Table 52. Market assessment for PCMs in building and construction-market age, applications, key benefits and motivation for use, market drivers and trends, market challenges
Table 53. Market assessment for PCMs in thermal storage systems-market age, applications, key benefits and motivation for use, market drivers and trends, market challenges
Table 54. CrodaTherm Range
Table 55.Market drivers for advanced materials and technologies in energy harvesting for buildings
Table 56. Technologies generating electricity in smart buildings
Table 57. Market drivers for smart sensors for buildings
Table 58. Types of smart building sensors
Table 59. Commonly used sensors in smart buildings
Table 60. Types of flexible humidity sensors
Table 61. MOF sensor applications
Table 62. Structural Health Monitoring Sensors
Table 63. IoT Device Management Platforms
Table 64: Market drivers for smart lighting in smart and sustainable buildings
Table 65. QD-LEDs and External quantum efficiencies (EQE)
Table 66. Market and applications for graphene in lighting

Figure 1. Evolution of Smart Building Technology
Figure 2. Global market revenues for smart buildings, by technology areas, 2018-2033 (Millions USD)
Figure 3. Productivity and comfort gains achieved through window and ventilation technologies
Figure 4. SLENTEX thermal insulation
Figure 5. Energy harvesting technologies
Figure 6. Energy harvesting solutions in smart buildings
Figure 7. Nanocrystal smart glass that can switch between fully transparent, heat-blocking, and light-and-heat-blocking modes
Figure 8. Typical setup of an electrochromic device (ECD)
Figure 9. Electrochromic smart glass schematic
Figure 10. Electrochromic smart glass
Figure 11. Examples of electrochromic smart windows each in fully coloured (left) and bleached state (right)
Figure 14. Thermochromic smart windows schematic
Figure 15. Vertical insulated glass unit for a Suntuitive® thermochromic window
Figure 16. SPD smart windows schematic
Figure 17. SPD film lamination
Figure 18. SPD smart film schematic.Control the transmittance of light and glare by adjusting AC voltage to the SPD Film
Figure 21. PDLC schematic
Figure 22. Schematic of PDLC film and self-adhesive PDLC film
Figure 23. Smart glass made with polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) technology
Figure 29. Micro-blinds schematic
Figure 30. Cross-section of Electro Kinetic Film
Figure 31. Schematic of HISG
Figure 32. UbiQD PV windows
Figure 12. Argil smart glass for buildings
Figure 13. CoverLight by Chromogenics
Figure 19. SPD film glass installation at Indiana University
Figure 20. Schematic of Cromalite SPD film
Figure 24. e-Tint® cell in the (a) OFF and in the (b) ON states
Figure 25. Bestroom Smart VU film
Figure 26. Schematic of Magic Glass
Figure 27. Application of Magic Glass in office
Figure 28. Installation schematic of Magic Glass
Figure 33. Comparison of nanofillers with supplementary cementitious materials and aggregates in concrete
Figure 34. MWCNTS in concrete and cement
Figure 35. SWCNTS in concrete and cement
Figure 36. Market overview for cellulose nanofibers in concrete and cement additives
Figure 37. SEM micrographs of plain (A) and nano-silica modified cement paste (B)
Figure 38. Schematic of photocatalytic air purifying pavement
Figure 39. Applicaiton of Zycosil in concrete
Figure 40. Phase change materials for thermal energy storage in concrete
Figure 41. Schematic of self-healing polymers. Capsule based (a), vascular (b), and intrinsic (c) schemes for self-healing materials. Red and blue colours indicate chemical species which react (purple) to heal damage
Figure 42. Stages of self-healing mechanism
Figure 43. Schematic of the self-healing concept using microcapsules with a healing agent inside
Figure 44. Self-healing mechanism in vascular self-healing systems
Figure 45. Comparison of self-healing systems
Figure 46. Self-healing bacteria crack filler for concrete
Figure 47. Self-healing concrete test study with cracked concrete (left) and self-healed concrete after 28 days (right)
Figure 48. Self-healing concrete
Figure 49. Self-sensing concrete schematic
Figure 50. Memory-steel reinforcement bars
Figure 51. Typical structure of mycelium-based foam
Figure 52. Commercial mycelium composite construction materials
Figure 53. Microalgae based biocement masonry bloc
Figure 54. Graphene asphalt additives
Figure 55. OG (Original Graphene) Concrete Admix Plus
Figure 56. Talcoat graphene mixed with paint
Figure 57. Metamaterials example structures
Figure 58. Metamaterial schematic versus conventional materials
Figure 59. Robotic metamaterial device for seismic-induced vibration mitigation
Figure 60. Histeresys cycle for Superelastic and shape memory material
Figure 61. Shape memory effect
Figure 62. Superelasticity Elastic Property
Figure 63. Stress x Strain diagram
Figure 64. Shape memory pipe joint
Figure 65. The molecular mechanism of the shape memory effect under different stimuli
Figure 66. Cabkoma strand rod
Figure 67. Viscoelastic coupling damper
Figure 68. Schematic of dry-cooling technology
Figure 69. Mechanism of photocatalysis on a surface treated with TiO2 nanoparticles
Figure 70. Schematic showing the self-cleaning phenomena on superhydrophilic surface
Figure 71. Titanium dioxide-coated glass (left) and ordinary glass (right)
Figure 72. Schematic of photocatalytic air purifying pavement
Figure 73. Self-Cleaning mechanism utilizing photooxidation
Figure 74. (a) Water drops on a lotus leaf
Figure 75. Self-cleaning superhydrophobic coating schematic
Figure 76. Contact angle on superhydrophobic coated surface
Figure 77. Antibacterial mechanisms of metal and metallic oxide nanoparticles
Figure 78. GermStopSQ mechanism of action
Figure 79. NOx reduction with TioCem®
Figure 80. Quartzene®
Figure 81. V-CAT® photocatalyst mechanism
Figure 82. Applications of Titanystar
Figure 83. Capture mechanism for MOFs toward air pollutants
Figure 84. Schematic of photocatalytic indoor air purification filter
Figure 85. Photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) air filter
Figure 86. Schematic indoor air filtration
Figure 87: CNF gel
Figure 88: Block nanocellulose material
Figure 89. Mosaic Materials MOFs
Figure 90. MOF-based cartridge (purple) added to an existing air conditioner
Figure 91. Global energy consumption growth of buildings
Figure 92. Energy consumption of residential building sector
Figure 93. Vacuum Insulation Panel (VIP)
Figure 94. Main characteristics of aerogel type materials
Figure 95. Classification of aerogels
Figure 96. Flower resting on a piece of silica aerogel suspended in mid air by the flame of a bunsen burner
Figure 97. Monolithic aerogel
Figure 98. Aerogel granules
Figure 99. Internal aerogel granule applications
Figure 100. Fabrication routes for starch-based aerogels
Figure 101. Aerogel construction applications
Figure 102. Commonly employed printing technologies for aerogels
Figure 103. Schematic for direct ink writing of silica aerogels
Figure 104. 3D printed aerogel
Figure 105. MOF-coated heat exchanger
Figure 106. Classification of PCMs
Figure 107. Phase-change materials in their original states
Figure 108. Schematic of PCM use in buildings
Figure 109. Comparison of the maximum energy storage capacity of 10 mm thickness of different building materials operating between 18 °C and 26 °C for 24 h
Figure 110. Schematic of PCM in storage tank linked to solar collector
Figure 111. UniQ line of thermal batteries
Figure 112. Metamaterials example structures
Figure 113. Metamaterial schematic versus conventional materials
Figure 114. Prototype metamaterial device used in acoustic sound insulation
Figure 115. Metamaterials installed in HVAC sound insulation the Hotel Madera Hong Kong
Figure 116. Graphene aerogel
Figure 117. TE module schematic
Figure 118. Utilization of TE materials in exterior walls for energy generation, heating and cooling
Figure 119. The Sun Rock building, Taiwan
Figure 120. Photovoltaic solar cells
Figure 121. Classification of BIPV products
Figure 122. BIQ House in Hamburg
Figure 123. Photo.Synth.Etica curtain
Figure 124. Hikari building incorporating SunEwat Square solar glazing
Figure 125. Elegante solar glass panel
Figure 126. Certainteed Apollo-2 solar shingles roof
Figure 127. Triple insulated glass unit for the Stadtwerke Konstanz energy cube in Germany
Figure 128. Moscow building incorporating Hevel's BIPV product
Figure 129. Mitrex solar façade layers
Figure 130. Solar Brick by Mitrex
Figure 131. QDSSC Module
Figure 132. DragonScales technology
Figure 133. Photovoltaic integration in façade at the Gioia 22 skyscraper, in Milan
Figure 134. S6 flexible solar module
Figure 135. Ubiquitous Energy windows installed at the Boulder Commons in Colorado
Figure 136. Use of sensors in smart buildings
Figure 137. Sensor surface
Figure 138. Printed moisture sensors
Figure 139. Fourth generation QD-LEDs
Figure 140. Applications of graphene in lighting
Figure 141. Graphene LED bulbs
Figure 142. iOLED film light source