"Anyone serious about improving adolescent health should read this book. It spans theoretical and developmental constructs, summaries of evidence-based interventions for adolescent risk behaviors, metrics, and policy recommendations." - S. Jean Emans, MD, chief, Division of Adolescent Medicine, and Robert Masland Jr., chair, Adolescent Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, and professor of pediatrics, Harvard Medical School
"This is the one single text that students can use to study adolescent health. It includes contributions from many of the world's most accomplished researchers to provide learners with cutting edge information to make the study of adolescence understandable and applicable in practical settings." - Gary L. Hopkins, MD, DrPH, associate research professor and director, Center for Prevention Research, and director, Center for Media Impact Research, Andrews University
"This textbook presents an excellent balance in weighing the evidence from the risk and the resilience literature, incorporating research in racially and ethnically diverse populations." - Renée R. Jenkins, MD, FAAP, professor, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Howard University College of Medicine
"This is an engaging, thorough, and thought-provoking statement of our knowledge about adolescence. " - Wendy Baldwin, PhD, director, Poverty, Gender, and Youth Program, Population Council
Table of Contents
List of Figures, Tables, and Exhibits xii
Foreword xvii
Joy G. Dryfoos
Acknowledgments xix
Preface xxi
The Contributors xxiii
Part One: Foundations and Theory in Adolescent Health Risk Behavior
One: Adolescents at Risk: A Generation in Jeopardy 3
Richard A. Crosby, John S. Santelli, Ralph J. DiClemente
Two: Trends in Adolescent and Young Adult Morbidity and Mortality 7
Frederick P. Rivara, M. Jane Park, Charles E. Irwin Jr.
Population Characteristics 8
Mortality 9
High-Risk Behaviors as Underlying Causes of Death 14
Mental Health 24
Three: Theories of Adolescent Risk Taking: The Biopsychosocial Model 31
Jessica M. Sales, Charles E. Irwin Jr.
Biologically Based Theories of Risk Taking 33
Psychologically Based Theories of Risk Taking 35
Social and Environmental Theories of Risk Taking 38
The Biopsychosocial Model of Risk Taking 41
Four: Resilience in Adolescence 51
Lynne Michael Blum, Robert Wm. Blum
Defining the Terms 53
Conceptual Framework 54
Ecological Factors 55
Adolescent Neurodevelopment, Stress, and Resilience 59
Resilience and Evidence-Based Interventions 70
Five: Theories and Models of Adolescent Decision Making 77
Julie S. Downs, Baruch Fischhoff
Key Concepts and Research Findings 80
Decision Science and Social Cognition Models of Health Behavior 89
Adolescents and Adults 90
Six: Biological Underpinnings of Adolescent Development 95
Elizabeth A. Shirtcliff
The Organizational-Activational Hypothesis: Hormonal Changes from Fetal Through Adolescent Development 97
Seven: Positive Youth Development: Contemporary Theoretical Perspectives 115
Richard M. Lerner, Mona Abo-Zena, Neda Bebiroglu, Aerika Brittian, Alicia Doyle Lynch, Sonia Issac
Prior Theoretical Models of Adolescent Development 116
Origins of the Positive Youth Development Perspective 117
Defining Features of Developmental Systems Theories 117
Features of the PYD Perspective 120
Part Two: Preventing Key Health Risk Behaviors
Eight: Tobacco Use and Adolescent Health 131
Richard R. Clayton, Crystal A. Caudill, Melissa J. H. Segress
Scope of the Problem and Health Outcomes 133
Strategies for Reducing the Risk of Tobacco Use Among Adolescents 137
Nine: Understanding and Preventing Risks for Adolescent Obesity 147
Mary Ann Pentz
Health Promotion and Risk Prevention 148
Ten: Adolescent Alcohol Use 165
Michael Windle, Rebecca C. Windle
Epidemiology of Alcohol Use Among Teens 167
Promoting Health and Preventing Risk of Alcohol Use Among Youth 171
Eleven: Substance Use Among Adolescents: Risk, Prevention, and Treatment 179
Chisina Kapungu, Charu Thakral, Stefanie M. Limberger, Geri R. Donenberg
Epidemiology of Adolescents’ Illicit Substance Use 180
Risk and Protective Factors for Adolescent Substance Abuse 182
Prevention of Adolescents’ Illicit Substance Use 186
Treatment of Adolescent Substance Abuse and Dependence 198
Twelve: Adolescent Violence: Risk, Resilience, and Prevention 213
Sarah E. Kretman, Marc A. Zimmerman, Susan Morrel-Samuels, Darrell Hudson
Epidemiology 214
Key Concepts 216
Examples of Resiliency-Based Interventions Used in Schools 223
Thirteen: Prevention of Suicidal Behavior During Adolescence 233
Anthony Spirito, Quetzalcoatl Hernandez-Cervantes
Epidemiology 234
Prevention 237
Fourteen: Unintentional Injuries Among Adolescents 249
David A. Sleet, Michael F. Ballesteros
Unintentional Injuries 251
Motor Vehicle Injuries 254
Strategies for Reducing Motor Vehicle–Related Injuries 257
Home and Recreation Injuries 258
Strategies for Reducing Home and Recreation Injuries 261
Settings for Adolescent Injury 262
Preventing and Controlling Injuries 265
Fifteen: Sexually Transmitted Disease Transmission and Pregnancy Among Adolescents 275
Laura F. Salazar, John S. Santelli, Richard A. Crosby, Ralph J. DiClemente
Epidemiology 277
Key Concepts and Research Findings 283
Sixteen: Interventions to Prevent Pregnancy and Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Including HIV Infection 303
Douglas Kirby, Richard A. Crosby, John S. Santelli, Ralph J. DiClemente
Methods Used in This Review 305
Curriculum-Based Sex and STD/HIV Education Programs 306
Youth Development Programs 324
Intensive Programs Combining Youth Development and Reproductive Health 327
Communitywide Pregnancy or STD/HIV Prevention Programs 328
Part Three: Populations, Policy, and Prevention Strategies
Seventeen: Incarcerated and Delinquent Youth 339
Nicholas Freudenberg
Comparisons 341
Key Concepts: Health Conditions and Health Behavior 342
Roles for Health Professionals 344
The Health-Promoting Correctional Facility 350
Eighteen: Depression and Sexual Risk Behavior in Adolescents 359
Lydia A. Shrier
Epidemiology of HIV, STIs, and Pregnancy in Adolescents 360
Depressive Symptoms, Mood Disorders, and Emotional Distress in Adolescents 361
Interventions 365
Implications for Research 367
Implications for Health Care 368
Nineteen: Connectedness in the Lives of Adolescents 375
Debra H. Bernat, Michael D. Resnick
Key Concepts and Research Findings: What is Meant by “Connectedness”? 376
Twenty: Family Influences on Adolescent Health 391
Susan L. Davies, Richard A. Crosby, Ralph J. Diclemente
Key Concepts and Research Findings 392
Future Directions for Family-Focused Research 404
Twenty-One: Media Exposure and Adolescents’ Health Behavior 411
Victor C. Strasburger, Marjorie J. Hogan
Teens and Media Use 413
The Influence of Media on Adolescents 413
Solutions: Improving Media for Adolescents 434
Twenty-Two: Technological Advances in Modifying Adolescent Health Risk Behaviors 447
Natalie C. Kaiser, Jason E. Owen, Andrew J. Winzelberg
Key Concepts and Research Findings 449
Twenty-Three: Measuring Adolescent Health Behaviors 473
Renee E. Sieving, Lydia A. Shrier
Types of Measures 475
Measurement Error 483
Twenty-Four: Brief Motivational Interventions for Adolescent Health Promotion in Clinical Settings 493
Mary Rojas, Debra Braun-Courville, Anne Nucci-Sack, Angela Diaz
Brief Intervention 496
Twenty-Five: Health Policy Approaches to Reduce Adolescent Risk Behavior and Adverse Health Consequences 511
David G. Altman, Heather Champion, Erin L. Sutfin
The Ecological Model 512
Principles of Policy Approaches 513
Tobacco 513
Alcohol 516
Driving 518
Physical Activity and Obesity 519
Violence 520
Sexual Health 522
Twenty-Six: Legal and Ethical Issues in Adolescent Health Care and Research 531
Abigail English, John S. Santelli, Audrey Smith Rogers
Health, Human Rights, and Ethical Principles 532
Legal Status of Adolescents and Access to Health Care 537
Research Regulation and Ethics 539
Twenty-Seven: Adolescent Risk Behaviors and Adverse Health Outcomes: Future Directions for Research, Practice, and Policy 549
Ralph J. DiClemente, John S. Santelli, Richard A. Crosby
Prevention Research and Practice are Interdisciplinary 551
Adolescent Health Promotion Needs to Address Multiple Levels of Causality 552
Strategies are Needed to Improve the Sustainability of Health Promotion Programs 553
New and Promising Theoretical Orientations 554
The Need to Improve Prevention Program Transfer 555
The Need to Measure Cost-Effectiveness in Health Promotion Research 557
Interactions Between Spheres of Influence: Lessons for the Future 558
Name Index 561
Subject Index 567
Samples
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