Solid State Polymerization (SSP)is an indispensable tool in the design, manufacture, and study of polymers, plastics, and fibers. SSP presents significant advantages over other polymerization techniques due to low operating temperatures, inexpensive equipment, and simple and environmentally sound procedures. Combining fundamentals of polymer science, chemistry, physical chemistry, and engineering, SSP also offers many research applications for a wide range of students and investigators.
Gathering and filtering the latest literature on SSP, Solid Solid State Polymerization offers a unique, one-stop resource on this important process. With chapters contributed by leaders in the field, this text summarizes SSP, and provides essential coverage that includes:
- An introduction to SSP, with chemical and physical steps, apparatus, advantages, and parameters
- SSP physical chemistry and mechanisms
- Kinetic aspects of polyesters and polyamides SSP
- Catalysis in SSP processes
- Application of SSP under high pressure conditions in the laboratory
- Engineering aspects regarding process modeling and industrial application
- Recent developments and future possibilities
Table of Contents
Contributors.Preface.
1 Fundamentals of Solid State Polymerization (C. D. Papaspyrides and S. N. Vouyiouka).
1.1 Introduction.
1.2 Solid State Polymerization of Chain-Growth Polymers (Solid State Polyaddition).
1.3 Solid State Polymerization of Step-Growth Polymers (Solid State Polycondensation).
1.4 Solid State Polymerization Apparatus and Assemblies.
1.5 Solid State Applications in the Polymer Industry.
1.6 Conclusions.
2 Solid State Polymerization Chemistry and Mechanisms: Unequal Reactivity of End Groups (Haibing Zhang and Saleh A. Jabarin).
2.1 Introduction.
2.2 Special Characteristics of Solid State Polymerization.
2.3 Classical Kinetic Equations in Solid State Polymerization.
2.4 Model of Molecular Morphology and Chain-End Movement.
2.5 Reactivity of End Groups.
2.6 Why Intrinsic Viscosity Levels Off During Solid State Polymerization.
2.7 Solid State Polymerization Kinetics.
2.8 Conclusions.
3 Kinetic Aspects of Polyester Solid State Polymerization (F. Pilati and M. Toselli).
3.1 Introduction.
3.2 Phenomena Involved in Solid State Polymerization of Polyesters.
3.3 Modeling Solid State Polymerization of Polyesters.
3.4 Solid State Polymerization of Typical Polyesters.
3.5 Conclusions.
4 Kinetic Aspects of Polyamide Solid State Polymerization (S. N. Vouyiouka and C. D. Papaspyrides).
4.1 Introduction.
4.2 Simple Kinetic Models of Solid State Polyamidation.
4.3 Simulation of Solid State Polyamidation.
4.4 Simple SSP Kinetics: The Case of Poly(hexamethylene adipamide).
4.5 Conclusions.
5 Catalysis in Solid State Polymerization Processes (Rudolf Pfaendner).
5.1 Introduction.
5.2 Catalysts in Polyester Solid State Polymerization Processes.
5.3 Catalysts in Polyamide Solid State Polymerization Processes.
5.4 Reactive Additives in Solid State Polymerization Processes.
5.5 Inert Additives in Solid State Polymerization Processes.
5.6 Conclusions.
6 High-Pressure Solid State Polymerization of Polyamide Monomer Crystals (Tokimitsu Ikawa).
6.1 Introduction.
6.2 High-Pressure Solid State Polymerization.
6.2.1 Crystals and Characteristics of Monomers.
6.3 Polymerizability and Structure Formation.
6.4 Conclusions.
7 Fundamental Process Modeling and Product Design for the Solid State Polymerization of Polyamide 6 and Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (Kevin C. Seavey and Y. A. Liu).
7.1 Introduction.
7.2 Solid State Polymerization Modeling Guide.
7.3 Fundamentals of Solid State Polymerization Reactors.
7.4 Numerical Solution.
7.5 Example Simulation and Application.
7.6 Modifications to Account for Crystallization.
7.7 Conclusions.
8 Recent Developments in Solid State Polymerization of Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (S. A. Wadekar, U. S. Agarwal, W. H. Boon, and V. M. Nadkarni).
8.1 Introduction.
8.2 Conventional Solid State Polymerization Processes.
8.3 New Solid State Polymerization Processes.
8.4 Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Flake Recycling Using Solid State Polymerization.
8.5 Particle Formation Technologies.
8.6 Alternatives to Solid State Polymerization.
8.7 Poly(ethylene terephthalate) for Fluid Packaging Applications.
8.8 Conclusions.
Abbreviations and Symbols.
Index.
Samples
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