Table of Contents
I Introduction: Autoantibodies-Unique Characteristics 1 What is an Autoantibody? 2 Natural Autoantibodies, Heralding, Protecting and Inducing Autoimmunity 3 Molecular Mimicry 4 Affinity and Avidity of Autoantibodies 5 Pathogenic Mechanisms and Clinical Relevance of Autoantibodies 6 Native Autoantigens Versus Recombinant Autoantigens 7 Redox-Reactive Autoantibodies 8 Predictive Autoantibodies 9 Autoantibody Subclasses 10 Idiotypes and Anti-Idiotypes 11 Novel Diagnostic Methods for Autoantibody Detection
II Allergic Disease Autoantibodies 12 Human IgE-Specific Autoantibodies and Autoantibodies to IGE Receptors
III Antineutrophil Antibodies 13 Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Autoantibodies with Specificity for Myeloperoxidase 14 Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Autoantibodies with Specificity for Proteinase 3 15 Neutrophil-Specific Antinuclear and Anti-cytoplasmic Antibodies in Chronic Inflammatory Diseases 16 Antineutrophil Cytoplasmatic Autoantibodies with Specificity to Proteinase 3
IV Introduction: Antinuclear Antibodies 17 Antinuclear Antibodies: General Introduction 18 Antinucleolar Antibodies 19 Anti-Chromatin (Nucleosome) Autoantibodies 20 Centromere Autoantibodies 21 dsDNA Autoantibodies 22 Histone Autoantibodies 23 Ku and Ki Autoantibodies 24 Neuronal Nuclear Autoantibodies, Type 1 (HU) 25 Nuclear Envelope Protein Autoantibodies/Antilamin Autoantibodies 26 Anti-Nucleosome Autoantibodies 27 Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen Autoantibodies 28 Anti-RA33 Antibodies (Antibodies to the Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein A2) 29 Anti-Ribosomal P Antibodies 30 SS-A (Ro) Autoantibodies 31 Topoisomerase-I (Scl-70) Autoantibodies 32 SS-B (La) Autoantibodies 33 Anti-RNA Polymerase III Antibodies
V Autoantibodies to Biologic Factors/Structures 34 GW Bodies, P Bodies and Components of the miRNA Pathway 35 Golgi Complex and Endosome Antibodies 36 p53 Autoantibodies 37 Human Antiganglioside Autoantibodies 38 Human Anti--Galactosyl Antibodies 39 Autoantibodies in Therapeutic Preparations of Human Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG) 40 Cytokine Antibodies 41 Cytoskeletal Autoantibodies/Anti-Actin Antibodies 42 Fibrillarin Autoantibodies 43 Fibronectin Autoantibodies 44 Interferon-Inducible Protein IFI16 Autoantibodies
VI Cardiac Autoantibodies 45 Autoantibodies in Atherosclerosis 46 Heat Shock Protein Autoantibodies 47 Myocardial Autoantibodies and their Clinical Significance
VII Endocrine Autoantibodies 48 Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase Autoantibodies 49 Humoral Immunity in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus 50 Antibodies to Adrenal, Gonadal Tissues and Steroidogenic Enzymes 51 Thyroglobulin, Thyroperoxidase, and Thyrotropin-Receptor Autoantibodies
VIII GI And Liver Autoantibodies 52 Anti-Intestinal Goblet Cell Antibodies 53 Tumor-Associated Autoantibodies 54 Cryoglobulins and Cryoglobulins Secondary to Hepatitis C Virus Infection 55 Anti-Tissue Transglutaminase and Anti-Endomyisial Antibodies 56 Anti-Gliadin Antibodies 57 Reticulin Autoantibodies 58 Liver Cytosol Antigen Type 1 Autoantibodies, Liver Kidney Microsomal Autoantibodies, and Liver Microsomal Autoantibodies 59 Antimitochondrial Antibodies 60 Parietal Cell and Intrinsic Factor Autoantibodies 61 Smooth Muscle Antibodies
IX Hematologic Autoantibodies 62 Coagulation Factor Autoantibodies 63 Autoantibodies in Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia 64 Platelet Autoantibodies 65 Red Cell Autoantibodies 66 Lymphocytotoxic Autoantibodies
X Kidney Autoantibodies 67 Anti-ATP Synthase �-Chain Autoantibodies 68 Glomerular Basement Membrane Autoantibodies 69 Nephritic Factor Autoantibodies
XI Neurological System Autoantibodies 70 Acetylcholine Receptor and Muscle Specific Kinase Autoantibodies 71 Myositis Autoantibodies: Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetase, Signal Recognition Particle, Mi-2, and PM-Scl Autoantibodies 72 Anti-MOG Antibodies 73 Antibodies to Hsp 70 in Inner Ear Disease 74 Autoantibodies in the Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome (LEMS) and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) 75 Ganglioside Autoantibodies 76 Myelin Associated Antibodies: Myelin-Associated Glycoprotein Autoantibodies, Myelin Basic Protein Autoantibodies and Myelin Proteolipid Autoantibodies in Neurologic Diseases 77 Paraneoplastic Neurological Antibodies: Nuclear 78 Paraneoplastic Neurological Antibodies: Purkinje Cell Cytoplasm 79 Paraneoplastic Neurological Antibodies: Additional Reactivities 80 Retinal Autoantibodies 81 Autoantibodies in Epilepsy
XII Rheumatic Disease Autoantibodies 82 Anti-Fodrin Antibodies 83 Antibodies to Laminin 84 Autoantibodies Against Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor in Patients with Sj�gren's Syndrome 85 �2-Glycoprotein I Autoantibodies 86 C1 Inhibitor Autoantibodies 87 Autoantibodies to C1q 88 Anti-Collagen Antibodies 89 Anti-Cyclic Citrullinated Peptide Antibody 90 Anti-Endothelial Cell Autoantibodies 91 Lupus Anticoagulant Testing 92 Anticardiolipin Antibodies 93 Phospholipid Autoantibodies (Non-Anticardiolipin)-Anti-Prothrombin Antibodies 94 Rheumatoid Factors
XIII Skin Disease Autoantibodies 95 Autoantibodies to Mucocutaneous Antigens
XIV Unique Clinical Situations 96 Autoimmunity and the Newer Biopharmaceuticals 97 Autoantibodies Against Tumor Suppressor Proteins 98 Detection of Autoantibodies Using Protein Arrays 99 Autoantibodies and Pregnancy Loss
XV Future Directions 100 Anti-Glycan Antibodies 101 Future Trends
Authors
Yehuda Shoenfeld President of the Center for Autoimmune diseases (Present). Incumbent of the Laura Schwarz-Kipp Chair for Research of Autoimmune Diseases in Tel-Aviv University, Israel. Professor Yehuda Shoenfeld is the President of the Center for Autoimmune Diseases (present), incumbent of the Laura Schwarz-Kipp Chair for Research of Autoimmune Diseases in Tel Aviv University (since 2002-Present), Emeritus Professor of the Sackler School of Medicine in Tel Aviv University and teaches medical studies and MSc and PhD students (since 1985). Prof. Shoenfeld has edited a series of textbooks entailing "The Mosaic of Autoimmunity," "Autoantibodies," "Infection and Autoimmunity," and "Diagnostic Criteria of Autoimmune Diseases" (Elsevier Pub.). He has served on 36 editorial boards and is the organizer of more than 25 international congresses on autoimmunity. He is the author of > 2000 peer-reviewed papers reported in the field of autoimmunity and internal medicine. More than 65,000 citations. M. Eric Gershwin Division of Rheumatology, Allergy & Clinical Immunology, University of California at Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA. M.E. Gershwin University of California, Clinical Division of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA. Pier Luigi Meroni Department of Clinical Sciences & Community Health, University of Milan, Italy. Yehuda Shoenfeld Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases,Sheba Medical Center, Affiliate of Tel-Aviv University, Israel.Prof. Yehuda Shoenfeld is the founder and head of the Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, at the Sheba Medical Center which is affiliated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine in Tel-Aviv University, in Israel. Dr. Shoenfeld is the Incumbent of the Laura Schwarz-Kipp Chair for Research of Autoimmune Diseases at the Tel-Aviv University.
His clinical and scientific works focus on autoimmune and rheumatic diseases, and he has published more than 1750 papers in journals such as New Eng J Med, Nature, Lancet, Proc Nat Acad Scie, J Clin Invest, J Immunol, Blood, FASEB, J Exp Med, Circulation, Cancer and others. His articles have had over 35,000 citations. He has written more than three hundred and fifty chapters in books, and has authored and edited 25 books, some of which became cornerstones in science and clinical practice, such as "The Mosaic of Autoimmunity", "Infections and Autoimmunity" and the textbook "Autoantibodies" and "Diagnostic criteria of autoimmune diseases", all of which were published by Elsevier and sold by the thousands.
He is on the editorial board of 43 journals in the field of rheumatology and autoimmunity and is the founder and the editor of the IMAJ (Israel Medical Association Journal) the representative journal of science and medicine in the English language in Israel, and also is the founder and Editor of the "Autoimmunity Reviews" (Elsevier) (Impact factor 7.9) and Co-Editor of "Journal of Autoimmunity" (Impact factor 8.1). He has organized over 20 international congresses in autoimmunity.
Prof. Shoenfeld received the EULAR prize in 2005, in Vienna, Austria: "The infectious etiology of anti-phospholipid syndrome". He has received a gold medal from the Slovak Society of Physicians for his contribution to Israel - Slovakia collaboration (March 2006), and is honorary member of the Hungarian Association of Rheumatology. In UC Davis, USA, Dr. Shoenfeld received the Nelson's Prize for Humanity and Science for 2008. In 2009 he was honored as Doctoris Honoris Causa, from Debrecen University (Hungary), and from 2009 he is honorary member of the Slovenian National Academy of Sciences. He has recently been awarded a Life Contribution Prize in Internal Medicine in Israel, 2012 as well as the ACR Master Award in 2013.
Prof. Shoenfeld has educated a long list of students (>25) being heads of departments and institutes.
