The primary reference for the modeling of hydrodynamics and water quality in rivers, lake, estuaries, coastal waters, and wetlands
This comprehensive text perfectly illustrates the principles, basic processes, mathematical descriptions, case studies, and practical applications associated with surface waters. It focuses on solving practical problems in rivers, lakes, estuaries, coastal waters, and wetlands. Most of the theories and technical approaches presented within have been implemented in mathematical models and applied to solve practical problems. Throughout the book, case studies are presented to demonstrate how the basic theories and technical approaches are implemented into models, and how these models are applied to solve practical environmental/water resources problems.
This new edition of Hydrodynamics and Water Quality: Modeling Rivers, Lakes, and Estuaries has been updated with more than 40% new information. It features several new chapters, including one devoted to shallow water processes in wetlands as well as another focused on extreme value theory and environmental risk analysis. It is also supplemented with a new website that provides files needed for sample applications, such as source codes, executable codes, input files, output files, model manuals, reports, technical notes, and utility programs. This new edition of the book:
- Includes more than 120 new/updated figures and 450 references
- Covers state-of-the-art hydrodynamics, sediment transport, toxics fate and transport, and water quality in surface waters
- Provides essential and updated information on mathematical models
- Focuses on how to solve practical problems in surface waters - presenting basic theories and technical approaches so that mathematical models can be understood and applied to simulate processes in surface waters
Hailed as “a great addition to any university library” by the Journal of the American Water Resources Association (July 2009), Hydrodynamics and Water Quality, Second Edition is an essential reference for practicing engineers, scientists, and water resource managers worldwide.
Table of Contents
Preface to the Second Edition xvii
Foreword to the First Edition xix
Preface to the First Edition xxi
Acknowledgments for the First Edition xxiii
Abbreviations xxv
About the Companion Website xxvii
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Overview 1
1.2 Understanding Surface Waters 3
1.3 Modeling of Surface Waters 5
1.4 About This Book 8
2 Hydrodynamics 11
2.1 Hydrodynamic Processes 11
2.2 Governing Equations 23
2.3 Temperature 38
2.4 Hydrodynamic Modeling 47
3 Sediment Transport 73
3.1 Overview 73
3.2 Sediment Processes 77
3.3 Cohesive Sediment 85
3.4 Noncohesive Sediment 94
3.5 Sediment Bed 98
3.6 Wind Waves 102
3.7 Sediment Transport Modeling 119
4 Pathogens and Toxics 135
4.1 Overview 135
4.2 Pathogens 136
4.3 Toxic Substances 140
4.4 Fate and Transport Processes 146
4.5 Contaminant Modeling 150
5 Water Quality and Eutrophication 161
5.1 Overview 161
5.2 Algae 176
5.3 Organic Carbon 187
5.4 Phosphorus 190
5.5 Nitrogen 195
5.6 Dissolved Oxygen 203
5.7 Sediment Fluxes 211
5.8 Submerged Aquatic Vegetation 227
5.9 Water Quality Modeling 243
6 External Sources and TMDL 273
6.1 Point Sources and Nonpoint Sources 273
6.2 Atmospheric Deposition 275
6.3 Groundwater 277
6.4 Watershed Processes and TMDL Development 279
7 Mathematical Modeling and Statistical Analyses 285
7.1 Mathematical Models 285
7.1.1 Numerical Models 287
7.2 Statistical Analyses 292
7.3 Model Calibration and Verification 300
8 Rivers 307
8.1 Characteristics of Rivers 307
8.2 Hydrodynamic Processes in Rivers 310
8.3 Sediment and Water Quality Processes in Rivers 315
8.4 River Modeling 319
9 Lakes and Reservoirs 335
9.1 Characteristics of Lakes and Reservoirs 335
9.2 Hydrodynamic Processes in Lakes 342
9.3 Sediment and Water Quality Processes in Lakes 352
9.4 Lake Modeling 359
10 Estuaries and Coastal Waters 379
10.1 Introduction 379
10.2 Tidal Processes 382
10.3 Hydrodynamic Processes in Estuaries 389
10.4 Sediment and Water Quality Processes in Estuaries 397
10.5 Estuarine and Coastal Modeling 402
11 Wetlands 421
11.1 Characteristics of Wetlands 421
11.2 Hydrodynamic Processes in Wetlands 428
11.3 Sediment and Water Quality Processes in Wetlands 439
11.4 Constructed Wetlands 454
11.5 Wetland Modeling 462
12 Risk Analysis 479
12.1 Extreme Value Theory 479
12.2 Environmental Risk Analysis 499
A Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code 531
A.1 Overview 531
A.2 Hydrodynamics 531
A.3 Sediment Transport 532
A.4 Toxic Chemical Transport and Fate 532
A.5 Water Quality and Eutrophication 532
A.6 Numerical Schemes 533
A.7 Documentation and Application Aids 533
B Conversion Factors 535
C Contents of Electronic Files 537
C.1 Channel Model 537
C.2 Blackstone River Model 537
C.3 St. Lucie Estuary and Indian River Lagoon Model 537
C.4 Lake Okeechobee Environmental Model 538
C.5 Documentation and Utility Programs 538
D Introduction to EFDC_Explorer 539
D.1 Capabilities 539
D.2 New Features and Improvements 539
D.2.1 Sigma Zed Layering 539
D.2.2 Internal Wind-Wave Generation 540
D.2.3 Ice Submodel 541
D.2.4 Open Multiprocessing and Dynamic Memory Allocation 541
References 545
Index 577
