One of the authors intentions is to demonstrate to engineers and architects the possibilities that factory prefabrication can offer, and hence pave the way towards the economic application and ongoing development of precast concrete construction.
Table of Contents
Preface VIIAuthors IX
Preliminary remarks 1
Standards, leaflets and directives 2
1 General 5
1.1 The advantages of factory production 5
1.2 Historical development 6
1.3 European standardisation 9
2 Design of precast concrete structures 15
2.1 Boundary conditions for precast concrete design 16
2.1.1 Production process 16
2.1.2 Tolerances 16
2.1.3 Transport and erection 21
2.1.4 Fire protection 23
2.2 Stability of precast concrete structures 28
2.2.1 Arrangement of stability elements 28
2.2.2 Loads on stability elements 33
2.2.3 Distribution of horizontal loads 45
2.2.4 Verification of building stability 58
2.2.5 Structural design of floor diaphragms 62
2.2.6 Structural design of vertical stability elements 67
2.2.7 Design of perimeter ties to DIN 1045–1 72
2.3 Loadbearing elements 78
2.3.1 Suspended floor elements 78
2.3.2 Floor and roof beams 85
2.3.3 Columns 94
2.3.4 Walls 97
2.3.5 Foundations 99
2.4 Precast concrete façades 101
2.4.1 Environmental influences and the requirements of building physics 102
2.4.2 Façade design 104
2.4.3 Joint design 112
2.4.4 Façade fixings 116
2.4.5 Architectural façades 125
2.5 Connections 130
2.6 Current design issues 139
2.6.1 Additions to cross–sections, floors with concrete topping 139
2.6.2 Corbels and notched beam ends 143
2.6.3 Lateral buckling 156
2.6.4 Pad foundations 163
2.6.5 Design for fire 167
3 Joints between precast concrete elements 175
3.1 Compression joints 175
3.1.1 Butt joints 175
3.1.2 Zones of support to DIN 1045–1 180
3.1.3 Elastomeric bearings to DIN 4141 181
3.1.4 Elastomeric bearings to DIN EN 1337 188
3.2 Tension joints 190
3.2.1 Welded joints 190
3.2.2 Anchoring steel plates, dowels, studs and cast–in channels 193
3.2.3 Shear dowels 195
3.2.4 Screw couplers 198
3.2.5 Transport fixings 199
3.2.6 Retrofitted corbels 201
3.3 Shear joints 203
3.3.1 General 203
3.3.2 Floor diaphragms and wall plates in–plane shear forces 204
3.3.3 Joints in suspended floor slabs out–of–plane shear forces 209
4 Factory production 213
4.1 Production methods 213
4.2 Types of concrete in precast concrete construction 219
4.2.1 Processing properties 220
4.2.2 Strength 220
4.2.3 Self–compacting concrete (SCC) 223
4.2.4 Fibre–reinforced concrete 224
4.2.5 Coloured and structured concrete surfaces 225
4.3 Producing the concrete in the factory 227
4.3.1 Heat treatment and curing 227
4.3.2 Working hardened concrete surfaces 229
4.3.3 Coating and cladding 231
4.4 Installing the reinforcement in the factory 233
4.4.1 Round bars and meshes 233
4.4.2 Prestressing beds 237
4.5 Quality control 242
References 245
Index 259
