The book provides a comprehensive in–depth multidisciplinary integration of fundamental concepts and applications of the emerging multifunctional nanomedicines in the areas of medicine, drug delivery, and therapeutics.
In the last couple of decades, the development of new biomedical, electronic, and optical tools has provided a unique opportunity to look at materials on a nanoscale. The resultant nanotechnology boom has significantly affected the biological sciences and related areas; imaging at a subcellular level and precise delivery of drugs to tissues are two such important areas.
Nanomedicine for Drug Delivery and Therapeutics focuses mainly on the broad areas of research and applications. It presents both a comprehensive overview of the fundamental concepts as well as a practical guide for numerous applications.
This exciting new text:
- Covers the current surgical interventions to treat osteochondral defects, including the nanomaterials developed for osteochondral regeneration
- Presents the principles of regenerative medicine, the electrospinning process for the production of nanofibers
- Highlights many anticancer agents, antiviral/bacterial agents, and nucleic acids that are encapsulated in delivery nanotechnology systems
- Summarizes recent techniques for drug encapsulation, their stimuli–controlled release, passive skin permeation, and transdermal drug administration mechanisms
- Summarizes the cyclodextrin–based nano–carriers in different areas of drug delivery, particularly for oral, gene, or transdermal deliveries
- Explores current developments in gene therapy and metal–based therapy with respect to the design of effective drugs for the treatment of HIV infection
- Discusses applications of organic inorganic hybrid bio–ceramics
- Correlates the applications of nanomedicines in diabetes management and nanotechnology
- Reviews the preparative methods of nano–phosphors, their protein–conjugates, and various physical characterizations to evaluate their possible use in membrane isolation and nano–therapeutics
- Introduces the potentiometric PVC membrane sensors using different approaches
Audience
This book is required reading for all those researchers and practitioners who are interested in a comprehensive overview of fundamental concepts and various applications in the multidisciplinary areas of medicine, drug delivery, and therapeutics. As the book covers a wide area of research that integrates biology, chemistry, physics, electronics, sensors, materials science, engineering, and nanotechnology, it also serves as an interdisciplinary guide for post–graduate researchers solving a multitude of research problems.
Table of Contents
Preface xvPart 1: Nanomedicine 1
1 High–technology Therapy Using Biomolecules or Synthetic Compounds for HIV Inhibition 3
Elvis Fosso–Kankeu, Pascaline Fontehand Ajay K.Mishra
1.1 Gene Therapy Including RNAHigh–Technology Against HIV 4
1.2 Metals and HIV Therapy 16
1.3 Conclusions 26
References 27
2 Emerging Nanomedicine Approaches for Osteochondral Tissue Regeneration 39
Author Lineis Missing
2.1 Introduction 39
2.2 Emerging NanomedicineApproaches 42
References 54
3 Synthesis of Poly(Methacrylate) Encapsulated Magnetite Nanoparticles via Phosphonic Acid Anchoring Chemistry and Its Applications Toward Biomedicine 63
B. Kothandapaniand Ajay K. Mishra
3.1 Introduction 64
3.2 Synthesis of Magnetite Nanoparticles 73
3.3 Application in Biomedical Fields 82
3.4 Conclusions 84
References 85
4 Potentiometric PVC Membrane Sensors and Their Analytical Applications in Pharmaceuticals and Environmental Samples at Micro– and Nano–level 87
Gamal Abel–Hafiz Mostafa
4.1 Introduction 87
4.2 Ion Selective Electrode 88
4.3 Glass Membrane Electrode 89
4.4 Characteristics of ISE 90
4.5 Preparation of PVC Membrane 94
4.6 Method of Preparation of the Liquid Membrane ISEs 96
4.7 Application of Ion Selective Electrodes in Pharmaceutical and Environmental Analysis Using 97
4.8 Conclusion 123
References 127
5 Bioceramics: Silica–based Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Materials for Medical Applications 135
Sadanand Pandey and Shivani B. Mishra
5.1 Introduction 136
5.2 Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Materials 141
5.3 Tissue Engineering 146
5.4 Other Organic–Inorganic Bioceramics for Medical Applications 150
5.5 Conclusion 156
5.6 Considerations and Future Directions 157
Acknowledgement 157
References 158
6 Recent Advances of Multifunctional Nanomedicines 163
Pradeep Pratap Singh and Ambika
6.1 Introduction 163
6.2 Nanomaterials of Biomedical Interest 164
6.3 Target–specificPharmacotherapy: Need for Nanocarrier Delivery Systems 165
6.4 Engineering of Pharmaceutical Nanosystems 166
6.5 Applications of Pharmaceutical Nanotools 180
6.6 Nanotoxicity 181
6.7 Future prospects 182
6.8 Conclusion 183
References 184
7 Nanomedicinal Approaches for Diabetes Management 189
Prashant Kumar Raiand Ajay Kumar Mishra
7.1 Introduction: The Motivation behind the Chapter 189
7.2 Type of Diabetes 191
7.3 Treatments for Diabetes 192
7.4 Why the Interest in Nanomedicine Research? 193
7.5 The Vision of Nanotechnology and its Clinical Applications for Diabetes 194
7.6 Summary 195
Acknowledgements 195
References 195
8 Polymeric Nanofibersin Regenerative Medicine 197
Narayan Chandra Mishra and Sharmistha Mitra (Majumder)
8.1 Introduction 197
8.2 Preparation of Nanofibers 199
8.3 RecentAdvances onApplication of Polymeric Nanofibersin Regenerative Medicine 201
8.4 Conclusions 222
References 222
Part 2: Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 227
9 Multifunctional Nano/Micro Polymer Capsules as Potential 229
Haider Sami, J. Jaishree, Ashok Kumar and Sri Sivakumar
9.1 Introduction 230
9.2 Synthesis of Polymer Capsules 232
9.3 Properties of Multilayered Polymer Capsules 237
9.4 Loading of Therapeutics 239
9.5 Stimuli–responsive Polymer Capsules 242
9.6 Multifunctional Hybrid Capsules 255
9.7 Targeted Polymer Capsules 267
9.8 BiomedicalApplications 268
9.9 Outlook and Future Prospects 274
References 274
10 Nanophosphors–Nanogold Immunoconjugates in Isolation of Biomembranes and in Drug Delivery 285
Dwijendra Gupta, Dhruv Kumar, Manish Dwivedi, Vijay Tripathi, Pratibha Phadke–Gupta and Surya Pratap Singh
10.1 Introduction 286
10.2 Nanoparticle Technology 287
10.3 The Versatility of Nanoparticles in Biological Sciences 288
10.4 Materials and Methods 293
10.5 Nanotags for Bio–labeling and Targeting: Nanophosphors or Quantum Dots 297
10.6 AFM Study of CdS and BSATagged ZnS–Mn Nanoparticles 302
10.7 Nano–Conjugates in Drug Delivery 304
10.8 Nanoparticle–mediated Drug Delivery and Nanotherapeutics 305
10.9 The Limitations of QDs 306
10.10 Summary 307
Acknowledgements 308
References 309
11 Cyclodextrin–based Nanoengineered Drug Delivery System 313
Jaya Lakkakula and Rui Werner Maçedo Krause
11.1 Introduction 314
11.2 Inclusion Complex Formation 316
11.3 Phase Solubility Relationships 318
11.4 Effect of Cyclodextrin on Drug Formulation 321
11.5 Cyclodextrin–based Drug Delivery 324
11.6 Cyclodextrins in Novel Drug Delivery Systems (DDS) 331
11.7 Conclusion 335
Acknowledgements 335
References 338
12 Medicinal Patches and Drug Nanoencapsulation 343
María H. Lissarrague, Hernan Garate, Melisa E. Lamanna, Norma B. D Accorso and Silvia N.Goyanes
12.1 Introduction 343
12.2 Overview of Passive Skin Permeation (Passive Patches) 344
12.3 Recent Development on Skin Permeation 357
12.4 Drug Encapsulation 361
12.5 Triggered Release 369
12.6 Conclusions 374
References 374
13 Dendrimers: AClass of Polymer in the Nanotechnology for the Drug Delivery 379
Sunil K.Singh and Vivek K. Sharma
13.1 Introduction 379
13.2 Historical Origin of Dendrimers 380
13.3 Structure of Dendrimers 381
13.4 Terms Used in Dendrimer Chemistry 383
13.5 Types of Dendrimers 385
13.6 Application of Dendrimers 392
13.7 Dendrimers in Oral Drug Delivery 394
13.8 Dendrimers in Transdermal Drug Delivery 396
13.9 Dendrimers in Ocular Drug Delivery 398
13.10 Dendrimers inAnticancer Drug Delivery 399
13.11 Dendrimers in Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment 401
13.12 Conclusion 411
References 411
14 Designing Nanocarriers for Drug Delivery 417
Munishwar N. Gupta and Joyeeta Mukherjee
14.1 Introduction 417
14.2 Sizes, Shapes andAdvantages of Nanomaterials 418
14.3 Bioconjugation Strategies 421
14.4 Carbon Nanotubes 429
14.5 Drug Targeting 434
14.6 Future Perspectives 436
Acknowledgements 437
References 437
15 Multifunctional Polymeric Micelles for Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 443
Alicia Sawdon and Ching–An Peng
15.1 Introduction 443
15.2 Composition, Formation and Characterization of Polymeric Micelles 444
15.3 Polymeric Micelles for Cancer Chemotherapy 450
15.4 Targeting Schemes 457
15.5 Polymeric Micelles for Diagnostics and Imaging 465
15.6 Conclusions 467
References 467
16 Nanoparticles–based Carriers for Gene Therapy and Drug Delivery 477
Marketa Ryvolova, Jana Drbohlavova, Kristyna Smerkova, Jana Chomoucka, Pavlina Sobrova,Vojtech Adam, PavelKopel, Jaromir Hubalek and Rene Kizek
16.1 Introduction 478
16.2 Targeted Delivery 478
16.3 Conclusion 494
References 494
