Table of Contents
CHAPTER 1: MAGNETIC CIRCUITS 1
1.1 MAGNETIC CIRCUITS 1
1.2 HYSTERESIS 15
1.3 SINUSOIDAL EXCITATION 21
1.4 PERMANENT MAGNET 26
PROBLEMS 30
CHAPTER 2: TRANSFORMERS 40
2.1 IDEAL TRANSFORMER 42
2.2 PRACTICAL TRANSFORMER 48
2.3 VOLTAGE REGULATION 55
2.4 EFFICIENCY 59
2.5 AUTOTRANSFORMER 64
2.6 THREE–PHASE TRANSFORMERS 66
2.7 HARMONICS IN THREE–PHASE TRANSFORMER BANKS 76
2.8 PER–UNIT (PU) SYSTEM 79
PROBLEMS 85
CHAPTER 3: ELECTROMECHANICAL ENERGY CONVERSION 93
3.1 ENERGY CONVERSION PROCESS 93
3.2 FIELD ENERGY 94
3.3 MECHANICAL FORCE IN THE ELECTROMAGNETIC SYSTEM 99
3.4 ROTATING MACHINES 108
3.5 CYLINDRICAL MACHINES 111
PROBLEMS 113
CHAPTER 4: DC MACHINES 119
4.1 ELECTROMAGNETIC CONVERSION 119
4.2 DC MACHINES 124
4.3 DC GENERATORS 141
4.4 DC MOTORS 161
4.5 SPEED CONTROL 180
4.6 PERMANENT MAGNET DC (PMDC) MOTORS 190
4.7 PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD (PCB) MOTORS 191
PROBLEMS 192
CHAPTER 5: INDUCTION (ASYNCHRONOUS) MACHINES 200
5.1 CONSTRUCTIONAL FEATURES 200
5.2 ROTATING MAGNETIC FIELD 202
5.3 INDUCED VOLTAGES 207
5.4 POLYPHASE INDUCTION MACHINE 209
5.5 THREE MODES OF OPERATION 212
5.6 INVERTED INDUCTION MACHINE 214
5.7 EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT MODEL 214
5.8 NO–LOAD TEST, BLOCKED–ROTOR TEST, AND EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT PARAMETERS 221
5.9 PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS 225
5.10 POWER FLOW IN THREE MODES OF OPERATION 232
5.11 EFFECTS OF ROTOR RESISTANCE 240
5.12 CLASSES OF SQUIRREL–CAGE MOTORS 244
5.13 SPEED CONTROL 245
5.14 STARTING OF INDUCTION MOTORS 259
5.15 TIME AND SPACE HARMONICS 260
5.16 LINEAR INDUCTION MOTOR (LIM) 267
PROBLEMS 271
CHAPTER 6: SYNCHRONOUS MACHINES 282
6.1 CONSTRUCTION OF THREE–PHASE SYNCHRONOUS MACHINES 285
6.2 SYNCHRONOUS GENERATORS 286
6.3 SYNCHRONOUS MOTORS 292
6.4 EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT MODEL 294
6.5 POWER AND TORQUE CHARACTERISTICS 303
6.6 CAPABILITY CURVES 312
6.7 POWER FACTOR CONTROL 313
6.8 INDEPENDENT GENERATORS 317
6.9 SALIENT POLE SYNCHRONOUS MACHINES 319
6.10 SPEED CONTROL OF SYNCHRONOUS MOTORS 330
6.11 APPLICATIONS 335
6.12 LINEAR SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR (LSM) 337
6.13 BRUSHLESS DC (BLDC) MOTORS 338
6.14 SWITCHED RELUCTANCE MOTORS (SRM) 344
6.15 SENSORLESS DRIVE SYSTEMS 351
PROBLEMS 353
CHAPTER 7: SINGLE–PHASE MOTORS 362
7.1 SINGLE–PHASE INDUCTION MOTORS 362
7.2 STARTING WINDING DESIGN 381
7.3 EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT OF A CAPACITOR–RUN MOTOR 391
7.4 SINGLE–PHASE SERIES (UNIVERSAL) MOTORS 397
7.5 SINGLE–PHASE SYNCHRONOUS MOTORS 403
7.6 SPEED CONTROL 405
PROBLEMS 406
CHAPTER 8: SPECIAL MACHINES 412
8.1 SERVOMOTORS 412
8.2 SYNCHROS 421
8.3 STEPPER MOTORS 426
PROBLEMS 437
CHAPTER 9: TRANSIENTS AND DYNAMICS 441
9.1 DC MACHINES 441
9.2 SYNCHRONOUS MACHINES 452
9.3 INDUCTION MACHINES 466
9.4 TRANSFORMER; TRANSIENT INRUSH CURRENT 469
PROBLEMS 471
CHAPTER 10: POWER SEMICONDUCTOR CONVERTERS 476
10.1 POWER SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES 476
10.2 CONTROLLED RECTIFIERS 492
10.3 AC VOLTAGE CONTROLLERS 511
10.4 CHOPPERS 515
10.5 INVERTERS 523
10.6 CYCLOCONVERTERS 537
10.7 NEUTRAL POINT CLAMPED (NPC) MULTILEVEL INVERTERS 540
10.8 DC POWER SUPPLY USING BUCK CONVERTER CONFIGURATION 542
10.9 POWER SUPPLY IN COMPUTERS 547
PROBLEMS 551
CHAPTER 11: WIND ENERGY SYSTEMS 560
11.1 WIND ENERGY SYSTEMS 561
11.2 REFERENCES 573
APPENDIX A: WINDINGS 575
A.1 MMF DISTRIBUTION 575
A.2 INDUCED VOLTAGES 578
A.3 WINDING ARRANGEMENT 578
A.4 SPACE HARMONICS AND WINDING FACTORS 582
A.5 TIME HARMONIC VOLTAGES 583
PROBLEMS 587
APPENDIX B: BALANCED THREE–PHASE CIRCUITS 589
B.1 SINGLE–PHASE CIRCUITS 589
B.2 BALANCED THREE–PHASE CIRCUITS 592
B.3 BALANCED THREE–PHASE LOAD 595
B.4 Y TRANSFORMATION OF LOAD 599
B.5 PER–PHASE EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT 600
B.6 THREE–PHASE POWER MEASUREMENT 600
APPENDIX C: UNITS AND CONSTANTS 605
C.1 UNITS 605
C.2 CONSTANTS 605
APPENDIX D: LAPLACE TRANSFORMS 606
APPENDIX E: ANSWERS TO SOME PROBLEMS 607
INDEX 614
