Since its introduction to dentistry, cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) has undergone a rapid evolution and considerable integration into orthodontics. However, despite the increasing popularity of CBCT and progress in applying it to clinical orthodontics, the profession has lacked a cohesive, comprehensive and objective reference that provides clinicians with the background needed to utilize this technology optimally for treating their patients. Cone Beam Computed Tomography in Orthodontics provides timely, impartial, and state-of-the-art information on the indications and protocols for CBCT imaging in orthodontics, clinical insights gained from these images, and innovations driven by these insights. As such, it is the most current and authoritative textbook on CBCT in orthodontics. Additionally, two DVDs include more than 15 hours of video presentations on related subjects from the 39th Annual Moyers Symposium and 38th Annual International Conference on Craniofacial Research.
Cone Beam Computed Tomography in Orthodontics is organized to progress sequentially through specific topics so as to build the knowledgebase logically in this important and rapidly evolving field. Part I provides the foundational information on CBCT technology, including radiation exposure and risks, and future evolutions in computed tomography. Part II presents the Principles and Protocols for CBCT Imaging in Orthodontics, focusing on developing evidence-based criteria for CBCT imaging, the medico-legal implications of CBCT to the professional and the protocols and integration of this technology in orthodontic practice. Part III provides critical information on CBCT-based Diagnosis and Treatment Planning that includes how to interpret CBCT scans, identify incidental pathologies and the possible other uses of this technology. Part IV covers practical aspects of CBCT’s Clinical Applications and Treatment Outcomes that encompasses a range of topics, including root morphology and position, treatment of impacted teeth, virtual surgical treatment planning and outcomes, and more.
Table of Contents
List of Contributors ix
Preface xiii
Acknowledgments xv
Part 1 Technology Assessment and Enhancements 3
1 Contemporary Concepts of Cone Beam Computed Tomography in Orthodontics 5
Sunil D. Kapila
2 Functional and Technical Characteristics of Different Cone Beam Computed Tomography Units 43
Om P. Kharbanda, Neeraj Wadhawan, Rajiv Balachandran, Devasenathipathy Kandasamy, and Sunil D. Kapila
3 Cone Beam Computed Tomography in Orthodontics: Perspectives on Radiation Risk 67
Sharon L. Brooks and John B. Ludlow
4 Rational Basis for Transitioning from 2D to 3D Radiographic Imaging in Orthodontic Practice and Research 81
Birte Melsen and Michel Dalstra
5 The Future of Cone Beam Computed Tomography and 3D Imaging in Orthodontics 103
Michael W. Vannier and Bin Jiang
Part 2 Protocols and Principles for Cone Beam Computed Tomography Imaging in Orthodontics 113
6 Development of Evidence-Based Selection Criteria for Cone Beam Computed Tomography in Orthodontics 115
William C. Scarfe, Kirt E. Simmons, and Carla A. Evans
7 To Scan or Not to Scan: Medico-Legal Implications 127
Bernard Friedland
8 Protocols for the Use of Cone Beam Computed Tomography in Orthodontic Practice 139
Aaron D. Molen
Part 3 Diagnosis and Treatment Planning 165
9 How to Interpret Cone Beam Computed Tomography Scans 167
Christos Angelopoulos
10 Detection of Incidental Findings in Cone Beam Computed Tomography Imaging and Their Clinical Implications 185
Erika Benavides and Paul C. Edwards
11 3D Orthodontic Diagnosis and Treatment Planning 221
Juan Martin Palomo, Manish Valiathan, and Mark G. Hans
12 Application of 3D TMJ Imaging to TMJDs, TMJ Functional Analyses, and Orthodontic Treatment Outcomes 247
Anna-Kari Hajati, Lucia H.S. Cevidanes, Laura Iwasaki, Jeffrey C. Nickel, and Sunil D. Kapila
13 Characterization of the Upper Airway Morphology and Its Changes in the Apneic Patient Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography 273
R. Scott Conley, Paolo M. Cattaneo, and Bruce S. Haskell
14 Alveolar Boundary Conditions in Orthodontic Diagnosis and Treatment Planning 293
Sunil D. Kapila and Jeanne M. Nervina
Part 4 Clinical Applications and Treatment Outcomes 317
15 Assessment of Root Position and Morphology by Cone Beam Computed Tomography 319
Jeanne M. Nervina and Sunil D. Kapila
16 3D Image-Aided Diagnosis and Treatment of Impacted and Transposed Teeth 349
Sunil D. Kapila and Jeanne M. Nervina
17 Assessment of Maxillary Transverse Deficiency and Treatment Outcomes by Cone Beam Computed Tomography 383
Jeanne M. Nervina, Sunil D. Kapila, and Carlos Flores-Mir
18 Planning and Placing Temporary Anchorage Devices with the Aid of Cone Beam Computed Tomography
Imaging 411
Sebastian Baumgaertel
19 3D Planning and Treatment Outcomes of Bone Anchored Maxillary Protraction 427
Tung Nguyen
20 Applications of Cone Beam Computed Tomography to Orthognathic Surgery Treatment Planning 437
Sean P. Edwards and R. Scott Conley
21 3D Diagnosis and Management of Facial Asymmetries 453
Abeer AlHadidi, Lucia H.S. Cevidanes, and Beatriz Paniagua
22 3D Assessment of Orthognathic Surgical Outcomes 463
Yoon-Ji R. Kim, Yang-Ho Park, Leonardo Koerich de Paula, and R. Scott Conley
23 3D Imaging in Diagnosis and Treatment Planning of Craniofacial Anomalies 485
Snehlata Oberoi, Jeanne M. Nervina, and Karin Vargervik
Index 509
