Cardiovascular mortality in women is more frequent than breast cancer mortality, a fact which is often overlooked. Women's Heart and Estrogens explores this important women’s health issue with respect to estrogen levels (before and after menopause) as the hormone has been known to mediate cardiovascular effects in women. The handbook includes a description of the structure and biological activity of estrogen and follows up with a detailed reference on the genetics behind estrogen and its effect on the cardiovascular system. Subsequent chapters cover the effects of estrogens on the stages of atherogenesis, actions of estrogens on the vascular wall and on cardiovascular metabolic pathways, causes leading to the development of early onset of coronary heart disease in young women (such as vasculitis and autoimmune diseases), hypercoagulable states, myocardial infarction in hallucinogenic drug abusers, non-atherosclerotic and atherosclerotic coronary heart disease, hormone replacement therapy and postmenopausal risk factors. Medical professionals will also find handy guidelines for cardiovascular disease prevention in women.
Women's Heart and Estrogens offers knowledge to readers in a clear and simple manner with detailed images and summaries in each chapter. Guidelines are also presented in a chronological context which demonstrates the development of cardiovascular disease prevention and risk management strategies for women over the years.
Women's Heart and Estrogens offers knowledge to readers in a clear and simple manner with detailed images and summaries in each chapter. Guidelines are also presented in a chronological context which demonstrates the development of cardiovascular disease prevention and risk management strategies for women over the years.
Table of Contents
PrefaceChapter 1 Estrogens And Atherogenesis
1. Introduction
2. Atherogenesis
Cholesterol And Atherogenesis
3. Stages Of Atherogenesis
3.1. Initiation And Plaque Formation
Intimal Thickening, Fatty Streak Formation
Plaque Formation
Complicated Plaque
3.2. Adaptation Stage
3.3. Clinical Manifestation
4. Estrogens And Stages Of Atherogenesis
5. Atherogenesis – Promoting Factors
6. Genes Involved In Atherogenesis In Young Women
6.1. Familial Hypercholesterolemia
6.2. Sitosterolemia
6.3. Apolipoprotein E Gene Polymorphisms
6.4. Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein Gene Polymorphisms
6.5. Estrogen Receptor Gene Polymorphisms
Disclosure
Main Points Of Chapter 1
Conflict Of Interest
Acknowledgements
Chapter 2 Cardiovascular Actions Of Estrogens
1. Introduction
2. Estrogens Biosynthesis
3. Actions Of Estrogens
4. Cardiovascular Actions Of Estrogens
4.1. Vasodilation Effects Of Estrogens
4.2. Anti-Inflammatory Effects Of Estrogens
4.3. Anti-Proliferative Effects Of Estrogens
4.4. Effects Of Estrogens On Vascular Endothelium
4.5. Women With Normal Endogenous Estrogens Concentration And Coronary Heart Disease
4.5.1. Vasculitis And Autoimmune Diseases
4.5.2. Hypercoagulable States
4.5.3. Non-Atherosclerotic Coronary Heart Disease
4.5.4. Myocardial Infarction In Hallucinogenic Drug Abusers
4.5.5. Atherosclerotic Coronary Heart Disease
4.6. Pregnancy And Coronary Heart Disease
5. Estrogens, Lipids And Lipoproteins Concentration
5.1. Actions Of Estrogens On Lipid Metabolism
5.2. Fasting Lipids And Lipoproteins Concentration And Estrogens
5.3. Nonfasting Triglycerides Concentration And Estrogens
5.3.1. Postprandial Lipemia And Estrogens
6. Hematological Factors And Estrogens
7. Body Composition And Estrogens
8. Arterial Blood Pressure And Estrogens
9. Plasma Glucose Concentration And Estrogens
Main Points Of Chapter 2
Conflict Of Interest
Acknowledgements
Chapter 3 Menopause
1. Introduction
2. Menopause And Cardiovascular System
3. Ageing, Menopause And Alternations Of Lipid Metabolism
3.1. Ageing
3.2. Menopause
3.3. Menopause And Postprandial Hypertriglyceridemia
4. Hematologiacal Factors And Menopause
5. Body Composition In Menopausal Women
6. Menopause-Related Alterations In Blood Pressure
7. Plasma Glucose Levels In Menopausal Women
Main Points Of Chapter 3
Conflict Of Interest
Acknowledgements
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