This is a major new handbook that covers hundreds of subjects that cross numerous industry sectors; however, the handbook is heavily slanted to oil and gas environmental management, control and pollution prevention and energy efficient practices. Multi-media pollution technologies are covered : air, water, solid waste, energy. Students, technicians, practicing engineers, environmental engineers, environmental managers, chemical engineers, petroleum engineers, and environmental attorneys are all professionals who will benefit from this major new reference source.
The handbook is organized in three parts. Part A provides an extensive compilation of abbreviations and concise glossary of pollution control and engineering terminology. More than 400 terms are defined. The section is intended to provide a simple look-up guide to confusing terminology used in the regulatory field, as well as industry jargon. Cross referencing between related definitions and acronyms are provided to assist the user.
Part B provides physical properties and chemical safety information. This part is not intended to be exhaustive; however it does provide supplemental information that is useful to a number of the subject entries covered in the main body of the handbook.
Part C is the Macropedia of Subjects. The part is organized as alphabetical subject entries for a wide range of pollution controls, technologies, pollution prevention practices and tools, computational methods for preparing emission estimates and emission inventories and much more. More than 100 articles have been prepared by the author, providing a concise overview of each subject, supplemented by sample calculation methods and examples where appropriate, and references. Subjects included are organized and presented in a macropedia format to assist a user in gaining an overview of the subject, guidance on performing certain calculations or estimates as in cases pertinent to preliminary sizing and selection of pollution controls or in preparing emissions inventories for reporting purposes, and recommended references materials and web sites for more in-depth information, data or computational tools. Each subject entry provides a working overview of the technology, practice, piece of equipment, regulation, or other relevant issue as it pertains to pollution control and management. Cross referencing between related subjects is included to assist the reader to gain as much of a practical level of knowledge.
Table of Contents
Preface xi
About the Author xiii
PART A: Abbreviations and Glossary 1
PART B: Physical Properties and Safety Data 71
PART C: Macropedia of Subjects 81
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) 83
Air Dispersion Modeling 95
Air Pollution Control Device 109
Air Quality Index 117
Anaerobic Lagoons 131
AP-42, Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors 137
API Gravity 141
API Separator 143
Baghouses/Fabric Filters 149
Barrel Burning 163
Belt Filter Presses 167
Best Available Control Technology (BACT) 175
Best Management Practices 181
Bhopal Disaster 185
Blowdown and Purging (Natural Gas Industry Practices) 191
Calpuff 203
Carbon Adsorption 205
Carbon Capture and Sequestration 223
Ceramic Membrane Filtration Technology 235
Clean Air Act 241
Compressors 245
Control Efficiency 279
Cooling Towers (WET) 303
Criteria Air Pollutants (CAPs) 325
Cyclone Separators 333
Deep Well Waste Injection 345
Dioxins 355
Dissolved Gas Flotation 367
Electrostatic Precipitators 375
Emergency Planning and Community Right-To-Know Act 409
Emission Factors 417
Emissions Inventory 425
Environmental Management System 439
Environmental Site Assessment 443
EPA Environmental Voluntary Programs 457
Explosive Limits 461
Faculative Ponds 467
Filter Presses 473
Flares 487
Flue Gas Desulfurization 503
Fly Ash 513
Fugitive Dust Emissions 517
Contents vii
Fugitive Emissions (Leaking Equipment) 547
Natural Gas Production Facilities (Emission Factors) 577
Gasification 585
Glycol Dehydrators 599
Gravity Settling Chambers 603
Green Chemistry Institute 611
Greenhouse Gases 613
Hazardous Air Pollutants 621
Haze 629
Heater-Treaters 637
HEPA Filtration 645
Hydraulic Fracturing 661
Ideal Gas Law 697
Impingement-Plate/Tray Tower Scrubbers 701
Indoor Air Quality 705
Indoor Air Quality Testing 711
Inertial Separators 721
Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) 745
Ion Exchange 749
Leak Detection and Repair 757
Life Cycle Costing Analysis 781
MACT (NESHAP) Standards 801
Mass Balance Method 823
Membrane Filtration 831
National Air Toxics Assessments 841
National Ambient Air Quaility Standards (NAAQS) 845
Odor Control 855
Odor Threshold 875
Oil and Gas Production Facilities (Emission Factors) 901
Petroleum Bulk Plants and Terminals (Emission Factors) 905
Phase Diagram 911
Photochemical Smog 913
Pneumatic Controllers (Natural Gas Industry) 917
Pneumatic Devices 925
Pollution Prevention Practices –
Organic Chemicals Industry Sector 931
Pollution Prevention Practices – Petroleum Refining 947
Pressure Relief Valves and Regulators 955
Pressure Separators 969
Preventive Maintenance 975
Radionuclides 983
Radon 987
Reciprocating Engines (Natural Gas-Fired) 995
Regenerative Incinerator 1001
Remote Sensing and Monitoring 1013
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) 1023
Responsible Care Program 1031
Rotary Drum Filters 1035
Settling Ponds and Sedimentation 1043
Settling 1047
Snubbing 1073
Stack Emissions Testing 1087
Stokes’s Law 1101
Storage Tank Emissions (Oil and Condensate Tanks) 1107
Storage Tank Emissions (General) 1139
Thermal Incinerator 1159
Thermodynamic Processes 1173
Thickeners and Clarifiers 1179
Title V Permits 1189
Total Reduced Sulfurs 1195
Total Suspended Particulates (TSP) 1201
Toxics Release Inventory 1209
Transport Properties 1241
UV Disinfection 1255
Vapor Cloud Explosions and BLEVEs 1261
Vapor Intrusion 1283
Vapor Pressure 1305
Vapor Recovery Units 1311
Venturi Scrubber 1323
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) 1331
Waste Heat to Power 1341
Well Swabbing 1351
Wet Flue Gas Desulfurization 1367
Wet Scrubbing Technology 1373
