Foundations for Global Health Practice offers a comprehensive introduction to global health with a focus on ethical engagement and participatory approaches. With a multi-sectoral perspective grounded in Sustainable Development Goals, the text prepares students for engagement in health care and public health and goes beyond traditional global health texts to include chapters on mental health, agriculture and nutrition, water and sanitation, and climate change. In addition to presenting core concepts, the book outlines principles for practice that enable students and faculty to plan and prepare for fieldwork in global health. The book also offers perspectives from global health practitioners from a range of disciplinary and geographic perspectives.
Exercises, readings, discussion guides and information about global health competencies and careers facilitate personal discernment and enable students to systematically develop their own professional goals and strategies for enriching, respectful, and ethical global health engagement.
- Understand the essential concepts, systems, and principles of global health
- Engage in up-to-date discussion of global health challenges and solutions
- Learn practical skills for engagement in health care and beyond
- Explore individual values and what it means to be an agent for change
Prevention, cooperation, equity, and social justice are the central themes of global health, a field that emphasizes the interdisciplinary, cross-sector, and cross-boundary nature of health care on a global scale. As the world becomes ever smaller and society becomes more and more interconnected, the broad view becomes as critical as the granular nature of practice. Foundations for Global Health Practice provides a complete and highly relevant introduction to this rich and rewarding field.
Table of Contents
List of Figures, Tables, and Boxes xix
Preface xxii
About the Author xxv
Contributors xxvii
Acknowledgments xlv
Introduction xlvii
Part I Global Health Concepts
1 Developing a Global Perspective 3
Lori DiPrete Brown
Sharing Perspectives in a Diverse Learning Community 5
Sources of Global Health Information 7
Literature and the Arts 21
Chapter Summary 24
Review Questions 25
Key Terms 25
References 25
2 What Is Global Health? 27
Lori DiPrete Brown
Global Health: An Evolving Concept 28
Definitions of Global Health 33
What Are the Challenges to Human Health? 38
Measuring Global Health Status 39
Social Determinants of Health and the Social-Ecological Model 46
Chapter Summary 51
Review Questions 52
Key Terms 52
References 53
3 Global Health Care Systems and Universal Health Care 57
Lori DiPrete Brown
Health Systems and How They Work 58
Universal Health Care 65
Chapter Summary 69
Review Questions 69
Key Terms 69
References 69
4 Global Health Policy and the Sustainable Development Goals 71
Lori DiPrete Brown
From Alma-Ata to the Millennium Development Goals 72
The Sustainable Development Goals 76
Chapter Summary 80
Key Terms 81
Exercise: Young Leaders Speak Out 81
Review Questions 81
References 81
5 Global Health Challenges for the 21st Century 83
Sean McKee and Katherine Leach-Kemon
What Is the Global Burden of Disease? 84
How to Access and Use GBD Findings 88
Main Findings from the GBD Study 91
Using the GBD to Inform Health Policy in the Coming Years 102
Chapter Summary 104
Key Terms 104
Review Questions 104
Suggested Reading 105
References 105
6 The Right to Health and a Framework Convention on Global Health 107
Eric A. Friedman, Fernanda Alonso, Ana Ayala, Andrew Hennessy-Strahs, and Sarah Roache
The Right to Health 109
A Framework Convention on Global Health 111
Precedents and Examples of Governance for Global Health 116
Chapter Summary 119
Key Terms 120
Review Questions 120
Suggested Reading 120
References 120
7 Global Mental Health, Behavioral Medicine, and Wellness 125
Giuseppe Raviola
Defining Global Mental Health, Behavioral Medicine, and Wellness 126
Burden of Illness and the Treatment Gap: The Need for Integration 128
Gaps in Governance, Policies, and Financing: The Need for Systems 131
Strategies for Program Design and Sustained Service Delivery: The Need to
Strengthen Existing Health Systems 136
Global Health Worker Wellness: The Need for Professional and Personal
Development 137
Conclusion 138
Chapter Summary 139
Review Questions 139
Key Terms 139
References 140
8 Water, Sanitation, Hygiene, and Health 143
Eric Hettler
Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene: Contextual Considerations 144
Chapter Summary 163
Key Terms 163
Review Questions 163
Suggested Reading 164
References 164
9 Food, Agriculture, and Nutrition 167
Michele Joseph Aquino
Global Food System, Local Solutions 168
The Farm Spectrum 169
Introduction to Food Security 173
Waste and Wealth 178
Agricultural Technology and Public Health 180
Sustainability and Equity: Highlights from Successful Programs 184
Chapter Summary 186
Key Terms 187
Review Questions 187
Exercise: Thinking Critically about Genetically Engineered Crops 188
Suggested Reading 188
References 189
10 Climate and Health 193
Jonathan Patz and Evan DiPrete Brown
What Is Climate Change? 194
Public Health Risks of Climate Change 196
Public Health Responses to Climate Change 204
Chapter Summary 208
Key Terms 208
Review Questions 209
References 209
11 Information Communication Technology and Health 217
Laura E. Jacobson and Alain B. Labrique
The Landscape 218
Considerations 228
Conclusion 230
Chapter Summary 230
Key Terms 231
Review Questions 231
References 231
12 Scaling Up in Global Health 233
Richard Cash and Sophie Broach
What Is Scale-Up? 234
The Story of BRAC: Experiences in Successfully Scaling Up Public Health
Programs 236
Engaging in Global Health Practice with Scale in Mind 241
Chapter Summary 244
Key Terms 244
Review Questions 244
References 245
Part II Global Health Practice
13 Global Health Experiences 249
Katarina M. Grande and Lori DiPrete Brown
Global Health Experiences: A Focus on Learning 250
Types of Global Health Experiences 251
Applying for and Funding Global Health Experiences 257
Chapter Summary 259
Activity: Develop a Country Profile 259
Key Terms 268
Suggested Reading and Resources 268
References 269
14 Global Health Competencies for the Health Sciences 271
Gabrielle A. Jacquet, Jessica Evert, and Kevin Wyne
Background 272
Levels of Experience and Training 273
Timing of Experience 274
Scope of Practice 275
Additional Competencies 275
Chapter Summary 277
Case Study for Group Discussion 278
Key Terms 279
Suggested Resources 279
References 280
15 Working with Communities 281
Lori DiPrete Brown and Sophia Friedson-Ridenour
Community-Based Participatory Research: Core Concepts 282
Insights for CBPR Practice: A Case Study from Ecuador 286
CBPR Methods and Global Health: A Mixed-Methods Approach 293
Chapter Summary 297
Review Questions 297
Key Terms 298
References 298
16 Transformative Engagement and Leadership for Global Health 299
C. Perry Dougherty
A Framework for Transformative Leadership 301
Three Lenses of Reflection and Discernment 302
Historical and Cultural Context of Your Leadership 302
Centrality of Relationship 303
Skills of Transformative Engagement and Leadership 304
Practicing Transformative Engagement and Leadership: A Three-Part
Exercise 308
Chapter Summary 311
Key Terms 312
Review Questions 312
Suggested Reading 312
References 313
17 Guidelines for Planning a Global Health Learning Experience 315
Sweta Shrestha
Elements of a Global Health Field Course 316
Case Example: Nepal Global Field Course 322
Chapter Summary 329
Key Terms 329
Suggested Reading 329
18 Navigating Global Health for Student Organizations 331
Alexis Barnes and Alyssa Smaldino
Students as Global Health Partners 332
Student Organizations and Harnessing the Power of Partnership 334
Structures of Accountability 338
Chapter Summary 340
Review Questions 340
Key Terms 340
Recommended Reading 341
References 341
19 Planning for Health and Safety 343
Katarina M. Grande
Before You Go 343
While You Are There 346
Chapter Summary 349
Key Terms 349
Discussion and Practice Assignment 349
Suggested Reading 349
References 350
20 Global Health Professional Skills and Careers 351
Sharon Rudy and Angelina Gordon
What Are the Various Careers in Global Health? 352
What Does Success Look Like? 353
What Are Employers Looking For? 355
How to Build Your Skills for the Road Ahead 357
Chapter Summary 363
Discussion Questions 364
Activity: Skills Inventory 364
Key Terms 367
Suggested Reading 368
References 368
Part III Global Health Perspectives
21 So You Want to Save the World? First, You’ve Got to Know It 371
Brian W. Simpson
References 374
22 Since You Asked 375
Lori DiPrete Brown
Honduras 375
Nicaragua 377
Guatemala 378
Your First Global Health Experience 379
23 Leadership Lessons from the Last Mile 381
Carrie Hessler-Radelet
Walking “the Last Mile” with Daisy Duarte in Mozambique 381
Leadership Lessons 383
Recommended Reading 384
24 How Global Health Identity Politics Harms Local Communities 387
James Kassaga Arinaitwe
Ebola Orphans in Africa Do Not Need Saviors 388
What It Means to Be an Orphan 388
Rethinking How to Provide Aid 389
Community versus Institution 390
Implications for the Future 390
References 391
25 Gender and Community Well-Being 393
Araceli Alonso and Teresa Langle de Paz
Come on a Journey to Lunga Lunga 394
The Situation upon Arrival 394
Women as Agents 395
What Can Be Done? 397
What Happened: The Surface and the Layers 398
A Model to Replicate: Health by All Means 401
Key Terms 403
Recommended Reading 403
References 403
26 Strengthening Immunization Programs 405
James Conway
Herd Immunity and Immunization Goals 406
Decision Making and Vaccine Hesitancy 406
Vaccine Access 408
Vaccine Development 409
Suggested Reading 410
References 411
27 HIV: US to Global Perspectives 413
Katarina M. Grande
HIV Background 414
Strategies for Ending HIV 414
Working in HIV Globally and Locally 415
Suggested Reading 416
References 417
28 Tuberculosis and the Long and Winding Road toward a Global Health Career 419
Carolina Kwok
Recommended Reading 422
References 422
29 Linking Research to Applied Field Work 423
Devy Emperador
From Basic to Applied Research: The Public Health Laboratory Scientist 423
Public Health Laboratory in a Resource-Limited Setting 424
Conclusion 425
Recommended Reading 426
References 426
30 A Call to Surgeons to Advance Global Health 427
Girma Tefera
Addressing the Surgical Workforce Shortage 428
The Way Forward: Partnerships 430
Recommended Reading 431
References 431
31 Stories and Balance 433
James F. Cleary
Devastating Impacts 434
Balance 436
Recommended Reading 437
References 437
32 The Global Burden of Avoidable Childhood Blindness 439
Luxme Hariharan
Discussion Questions 443
Recommended Reading 443
References 443
33 Global Health Nursing 445
Linda C. Baumann and Karen D. Solheim
Global Perspective of Nursing 445
Contributions 446
Challenges 447
Resources 448
Insights 448
Reflective Questions 449
Suggested Reading 449
References 449
34 Contributions of Pharmacists in Global Public Health 451
Trisha Seys Ranola and Connie Kraus
Suggested Reading 455
References 456
35 Reflections and Stepping-Stones to a Career in Global Health 457
Cindy Haq
Family and Values 457
Medical School and Residency 458
Early International Experience 458
Negotiating Professional Responsibilities 459
Stepping-Stones 459
36 Global Health and Education 463
Nancy Kendall
Suggested Reading and Resources 467
References 468
37 The Importance of Narrative to Global Health Research and Practice 469
Louise Penner
References 473
38 The Urban Opportunity for Global Health 475
Jason Vargo
Recommended Reading 479
References 479
39 Building Effective Health Systems in Transitional Societies 481
Augustino Ting Mayai
Investments and Impacts in Health 481
Successful Practices: Health Extension Workers in Ethiopia 483
Successful Practices: Decentralization, Access, and Coordination in Rwanda 483
Ongoing Efforts in South Sudan 484
Lessons for South Sudan and Other Transitional Societies 485
References 486
40 Grand Challenges in Global Health and the Role of Universities 489
Keith Martin
Universities as Partners in Global Health 489
The Consortium of Universities for Global Health 490
A Triple Challenge 491
Addressing the Neglected Foundation of Development 492
Priorities for Action 493
Conclusion 495
References 495
Glossary 496
Index 505
