A comprehensive and interdisciplinary resource filled with strategic insights, tools, and techniques for the design and construction of hybrid materials.
Hybrid materials represent the best of material properties being combined for the development for materials with properties otherwise unavailable for application requirements. Novel Nanoscale Hybrid Materials is a comprehensive resource that contains contributions from a wide range of noted scientists from various fields, working on the hybridization of nanomolecules in order to generate new materials with superior properties. The book focuses on the new directions and developments in design and application of new materials, incorporating organic/inorganic polymers, biopolymers, and nanoarchitecture approaches.
This book delves deeply into the complexities that arise when characteristics of a molecule change on the nanoscale, overriding the properties of the individual nanomolecules and generating new properties and capabilities altogether. The main topics cover hybrids of carbon nanotubes and metal nanoparticles, semiconductor polymer/biopolymer hybrids, metal biopolymer hybrids, bioorganic/inorganic hybrids, and much more.
This important resource:
- Addresses a cutting-edge field within nanomaterials by presenting groundbreaking topics that address hybrid nanostructures
- Includes contributions from an interdisciplinary group of chemists, physicists, materials scientists, chemical and biomedical engineers
- Contains applications in a wide-range of fields - including biomedicine, energy, catalysis, green chemistry, graphene chemistry, and environmental science
- Offers expert commentaries that explore potential future avenues of future research trends
Novel Nanoscale Hybrid Materials is an important resource for chemists, physicists, materials, chemical and biomedical engineers that offers the most recent developments and techniques in hybrid nanostructures.
Table of Contents
List of Contributors xiii
1 Silanols as Building Blocks for Nanomaterials 1
Masafumi Unno and Hisayuki Endo
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Synthesis and Applications of Silanols 2
1.2.1 Silanetriols and Disiloxanetetraols 2
1.2.2 Cyclotetrasiloxanetetraol (Cyclic Silanols, AllÂ]cis Isomer) 5
1.2.3 Cyclotetrasiloxanetetraol (Cyclic Silanols, Other Isomers) 14
1.2.4 Cyclotrisiloxanetriol 15
1.3 Structures and Properties of Nanomaterials Obtained from Silanols 20
1.3.1 Structure of Laddersiloxanes 20
1.3.2 Thermal Property of Laddersiloxanes 23
1.3.3 Thermal Property of Other Silsesquioxanes 26
1.3.4 Refractive Indices of Silsesquioxanes 28
1.4 Summary and Outlook 29
References 29
2 BiomacromoleculeÂ]Enabled Synthesis of Inorganic Materials 33
Kristina L. Roth and Tijana Z. Grove
2.1 Introduction 33
2.2 DNA 34
2.3 Proteins and Peptides 36
2.3.1 Cage Proteins 37
2.3.2 Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) 38
2.3.3 Engineered Peptides 40
2.3.4 Engineered Protein Scaffolds 42
2.4 Polysaccharides 44
2.5 Methods of Characterization 46
2.6 Conclusion 50
References 50
3 Multilayer Assemblies of Biopolymers: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications 57
Jun Chen, Veronika Kozlovskaya, Daniëlle Pretorius, and Eugenia Kharlampieva
3.1 Introduction 57
3.2 Assembly of Biopolymer Multilayers 58
3.2.1 Biopolymers and Their Properties 58
3.2.2 Growth and Thickness of Biopolymer Multilayers 59
3.2.3 Stability in Solutions and Enzymatic Degradation of Biopolymer Multilayers 74
3.2.3.1 Enzymatic Degradation 75
3.2.3.2 pH and Salt Stability 78
3.2.4 Hydration and Swelling of Biopolymer Multilayers 81
3.3 Properties of Biopolymer Multilayers 83
3.3.1 Surface Properties of Biopolymer Multilayers and Their Interaction with Cells 83
3.3.2 Antibacterial Properties 84
3.3.3 Immunomodulatory Properties 85
3.3.4 Mechanical Properties of Biopolymer Multilayers 87
3.3.5 Other Properties 90
3.4 Applications 91
3.5 Conclusion and Outlook 95
Acknowledgments 96
References 96
4 Functionalization of P3HTÂ]Based Hybrid Materials for Photovoltaic Applications 107
Michèle Chevrier, Riccardo Di Ciuccio, Olivier Coulembier, Philippe Dubois, Sébastien Richeter, Ahmad Mehdi, and Sébastien Clément
4.1 Introduction 107
4.2 Design and Synthesis of Regioregular Poly(3Â]Hexylthiophene) 109
4.2.1 MetalÂ]Catalyzed CrossÂ]Coupling Reactions 114
4.2.1.1 NickelÂ]Catalyzed CrossÂ]Coupling Reactions 114
4.2.1.2 PalladiumÂ]Catalyzed CrossÂ]Coupling Reactions 121
4.2.2 Functionalization of P3HT 126
4.2.2.1 EndÂ]Group Functionalization 127
4.2.2.2 SideÂ]Chain Functionalization 130
4.3 Morphology Control of P3HT/PCBM Blend by Functionalization 132
4.3.1 Introduction 132
4.3.2 EndÂ]Group Functionalization 134
4.3.2.1 Fluorinated Chain Ends 135
4.3.2.2 Hydrophilic Chain Ends 139
4.3.2.3 Aromatic Chain Ends 139
4.3.2.4 Fullerene Chain Ends: Compatibilizer Case 141
4.3.3 SideÂ]Chain Functionalization 144
4.3.3.1 Thermal and PhotoÂ]CrossÂ]Linking 144
4.3.3.2 Fullerene SideÂ]Functionalization on Polythiophene Block Copolymers 147
4.3.3.3 Cooperative SelfÂ]Assembling 149
4.4 Polymer–Metal Oxide Hybrid Solar Cells 154
4.4.1 Anchoring Method 156
4.4.2 Surface Modification Using EndÂ] and SideÂ]ChainÂ]Functionalized P3HT 158
4.4.2.1 EndÂ]Group Functionalization 158
4.4.2.2 SideÂ]Chain Functionalization 161
4.5 Conclusion 163
Acknowledgments 164
References 164
5 Insights on Nanofiller Reinforced Polysiloxane Hybrids 179
Debarshi Dasgupta, Alok Sarkar, Dieter Wrobel, and Anubhav Saxena
5.1 Properties of Silicone (Polysiloxane) 179
5.2 Nanofiller Composition and Chemistry 183
5.2.1 Fumed Silica 183
5.2.2 Aerogel Silica 185
5.2.3 Carbon Black 187
5.3 Polymer [Poly(dimethylsiloxane)]–Filler Interaction 187
5.4 Polymer– Filler Versus Filler–Filler Interactions 190
5.5 PDMS Nanocomposite with Anisotropic Fillers 194
5.6 PDMS– Molecular Filler Nanocomposite 196
Acknowledgment 198
References 198
6 Nanophotonics with Hybrid Nanostructures: New Phenomena and New Possibilities 201
Noor Eldabagh, Jessica Czarnecki, and Jonathan J. Foley IV
6.1 Introduction 202
6.2 Theoretical Nanophotonics 204
6.2.1 Mie Theory for Spherical Nanostructures 205
6.2.2 Transfer Matrix Methods for Planar Structures 208
6.2.3 The FiniteÂ]Difference TimeÂ]Domain Method 214
6.2.4 The Discrete Dipole Approximation 215
6.3 Hybrid Nanostructures 216
6.3.1 Emergent Electrodynamics Phenomena: Inhomogeneous Surface Plasmon Polaritons 216
6.3.2 Advancing Imaging Beyond the Diffraction Limit with ISPPs 220
6.3.3 Emergent MaterialÂ]Dependent Optical Response in Hybrid Nanostructures 222
6.3.4 Perspective on the Horizon of Health Applications of Hybrid Nanostructures 228
6.3.5 Photodynamic Therapy 228
6.3.6 In Vivo Light Sources 231
6.4 Concluding Remarks 233
References 233
7 Drug Delivery Vehicles from StimuliÂ]Responsive Block Copolymers 239
Prajakta Kulkarni and Sanku Mallik
7.1 Introduction 239
7.2 Block Copolymers for Drug Delivery 241
7.3 Polymeric Nanoparticles 241
7.3.1 Micelles 241
7.3.2 Hydrogels 243
7.3.3 Polymersomes 244
7.4 StimuliÂ] Responsive Drug Delivery 245
7.4.1 Physical/External StimuliÂ]Responsive Polymers 246
7.4.1.1 Temperature 246
7.4.1.2 ElectroÂ]Responsive Polymers 247
7.4.1.3 LightÂ]Responsive Polymers 247
7.4.1.4 UltrasoundÂ]Responsive Polymers 248
7.4.2 Chemical/Internal StimuliÂ]Responsive Polymers 248
7.4.2.1 PHÂ]Responsive Polymers 248
7.4.2.2 Ionic StrengthÂ]Responsive Polymers 251
7.4.2.3 EnzymeÂ]Responsive Polymers 251
7.4.2.4 ReductionÂ]Sensitive Polymers 251
7.5 Challenges and Prospects 252
7.6 Summary 252
References 253
8 Mechanical Properties of RubberÂ]Toughened Epoxy Nanocomposites 263
B. Zewde, I. J. Zvonkina, A. Bagasao, K. Cassimere, K. Holloway, A. Karim, and D. Raghavan
8.1 Introduction 263
8.2 Epoxy Resins 265
8.3 RubberÂ] Toughened Epoxy Resin 266
8.4 Nanoparticle Filled Epoxy Nanocomposites 269
8.5 Carbon Nanotubes 270
8.6 RubberÂ]Toughened CNT Filled Epoxy Nanocomposites 275
8.7 Nanoclay Filled Epoxy Nanocomposites 277
8.8 RubberÂ]Toughened Nanoclay Filled Epoxy Nanocomposites 282
8.9 Silicon Dioxide Nanoparticles 284
8.10 RubberÂ]Toughened Nanosilica Filled Epoxy Nanocomposites 286
8.11 Conclusions 289
Acknowledgments 280
References 280
9 Metal Complexes in Reverse Micelles 301
Marc A. Walters
9.1 Introduction 301
9.2 Location of Metal Complex Probes in the RM Core 302
9.3 Metal Complexes in Confinement 304
9.3.1 Substitution Reactions and Physical Methods 304
9.3.2 Redox Reactions in Reverse Micelles 309
9.3.3 Metal Ion Binding 311
9.4 Conclusions 320
References 320
10 Heterogenized Catalysis on Metals Impregnated Mesoporous Silica 323
Fatima Abi Ghaida, Sébastien Clément, and Ahmad Mehdi
10.1 Introduction 323
10.2 Mesoporous Silica in Catalysis 327
10.3 Modified Mesoporous Silica 329
10.4 Recent Advances in SBA Applied to Catalysis 332
10.5 Conclusion 341
References 342
Index 351
