Introduces readers to the world of homeland security and provides them with up-to-date information on recent attacks, new terrorist threats, visible terrorist organizations, current dilemmas, updated research, and best practices
This book provides comprehensive coverage of issues relating to terrorism, terrorist behavior, homeland security policies, and emergency management. It offers a foundation that spans the readily apparent chasm between the homeland security and disaster communities, and covers the stages of emergency management with a focus on terrorism prevention and response. Based on both the academic literature and practical understanding, the book includes research findings, covering theory and principles as well as their application.
Introduction to Homeland Security: Understanding Terrorism Prevention and Emergency Management, Second Edition teaches how to define homeland security, understand how it changed after 9/11, and explore its relationship with emergency management; recognize the causes of terrorism and what prompts people to engage in terrorist attacks; assess the trade-offs between security and rights, and understand how terrorism exploits the tension between these two priorities; work to prevent terrorist attacks through intelligence gathering, by promoting laws that prohibit terrorism, and by protecting borders and various sectors of society; prepare for a terrorist attack by creating an advisory council, passing ordinances, acquiring monetary resources, and establishing an EOC; effectively respond to a terrorist attack through the many functions involved, including the protection of first responders and the decontamination of the victims; recover from a terrorist attack through both short-term and long-term measures; anticipate the current challenges faced in homeland security; and comprehend the various types of attacks that might take place in the future. The second edition:
- Covers the four traditional phases of emergency response, with a focus on terrorism prevention and infrastructure protection
- Includes new content such as recent domestic and international terrorist attacks including the attacks in Paris and Boston
- Has a strong "practitioner" approach and draws upon a solid foundation of academic literature in the field
- Discusses the roles and responsibilities of government agencies, non-government organizations, and individual citizens
Introduction to Homeland Security is an excellent book for all scholars, students, and practitioners interested or involved in homeland security and emergency management.
Table of Contents
CHAPTER 1. UNDERSTANDING A NEW GLOBAL PRIORITY: TERRORISM, HOMELAND SECURITY, AND EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT 1
Introduction 2
1.1 Terrorism Is the New Normal 2
1.1.1 Boston Marathon Bombing 2
1.1.2 San Bernardino Regional Center Shooting 2
1.1.3 Orlando Nightclub Shooting 3
1.1.4 Other Notable Attacks 3
Self-Check 6
1.2 A Growing Threat 6
1.2.1 Reasons to Anticipate More Attacks 7
Self-Check 9
1.3 9/11: A Wake-Up Call 9
Self-Check 11
1.4 The Nature of Homeland Security 11
1.4.1 Definitions of Homeland Security 12
1.4.2 Agreement About Homeland Security 12
Self-Check 16
1.5 Disciplines Involved in Homeland Security and the Emergency Management Profession 16
1.5.1 The Role of Emergency Management 17
1.5.2 Important Terminology 21
Self-Check 22
Summary 23
Assess Your Understanding 24
Applying This Chapter 25
Be a Homeland Security Professional 26
Key Terms 26
References 28
CHAPTER 2. IDENTIFYING TERRORISM: IDEOLOGICALLY MOTIVATED ACTS OF VIOLENCE AND THEIR RELATION TO DISASTERS 31
Introduction 32
2.1 Defining Terrorism 32
Self-Check 34
2.2 Common Characteristics Of Terrorism 34
Self-Check 35
2.3 Types of Terrorism 35
Self-Check 38
2.4 Relation of Terrorism to Other Disasters 38
Self-Check 41
Summary 42
Assess Your Understanding 43 Applying This Chapter 44
Be a Homeland Security Professional 44
Key Terms 45
References 46
CHAPTER 3. RECOGNIZING THE CAUSES OF TERRORISM: DIFFERING PERSPECTIVES AND THE ROLE OF IDEOLOGY 47
Introduction 48
3.1 Frequently Mentioned Causes of Terrorism 48
3.1.1 Historical Grievances 48
3.1.2 US Foreign Policy 49
3.1.3 Poverty 50
Self-Check 51
3.2 Political Causes 5
3.2.1 Politics 52
3.2.2 Political Systems 52
3.2.3 Political Functions 53
3.2.4 Political Structure 54
Self-Check 56
3.3 Cultural and Religious Causes 56
3.3.1 Cultural Dimensions of Terrorism 56
3.3.2 The Role of Religion in Terrorism 57
Self-Check 60
3.4 Ideology 60
3.4.1 The Nature of Ideologies 61
3.4.2 Ideological Dimensions of Terrorism 62
Self-Check 63
Summary 63
Assess Your Understanding 64 Applying This Chapter 65
Be a Homeland Security Professional 65
Key Terms 66
References 68
CHAPTER 4. COMPREHENDING TERRORISTS AND THEIR BEHAVIOR: WHO THEY ARE AND WHAT THEY DO 69
Introduction 70
4.1 Terrorists and Terrorist Organizations 70
4.1.1 Terrorist Classification 73
Self-Check 75
4.2 Personal Characteristics 75
4.2.1 Distinct Differences 76
Self-Check 78
4.3 The Behavior and Tactics of Terrorists 78
4.3.1 Propaganda 78
4.3.2 Recruiting 79
4.3.3 Financing 79
4.3.4 Training 81
4.3.5 False Documents, Travel, and Safe Haven 82
4.3.6 Code Words and Secret Communications 82
4.3.7 Planning 83
4.3.8 Weapons 85
4.3.9 Acts of Civil Disorder or Terrorisms 86
Self-Check 88
Summary 88
Assess Your Understanding 89 Applying This Chapter 90
Be a Homeland Security Professional 91
Key Terms 91
References 93
CHAPTER 5. UNCOVERING THE DYNAMIC NATURE OF TERRORISM: HISTORY OF VIOLENCE AND CHANGE OVER TIME 95
Introduction 96
5.1 The Appearance of Terrorism 96
Self-Check 98
5.2 The Evolution of Terrorism Abroad 98
Self-Check 101
5.3 Terrorism and the United States 102
Self-Check 105
5.4 Terrorism Today 105
Self-Check 109
Summary 110
Assess Your Understanding 111
Applying This Chapter 112
Be a Homeland Security Professional 113
Key Terms 113
References 114
CHAPTER 6. EVALUATING A MAJOR DILEMMA: TERRORISM, THE MEDIA, AND CENSORSHIP 115
Introduction 116
6.1 Changes in the Media Over Time 116
Self-Check 117
6.2 Terrorists and the Media 117
Self-Check 120
6.3 The Media and Terrorism 120
Self-Check 123
6.4 Government and the Media 123
Self-Check 126
6.5 Censorship and Self-Censorships 126
Self-Check 129
Summary 129
Assess Your Understanding 130
Applying This Chapter 131
Be a Homeland Security Professional 132
Key Terms 133
References 134
CHAPTER 7. CONTEMPLATING A QUANDARY: TERRORISM, SECURITY, AND LIBERTY 135
Introduction 136
7.1 War, Terrorism, and Law 136
Self-Check 138
7.2 Security and Liberty 138
Self-Check 142
7.3 Cases and Considerations 142
Self-Check 148
Summary 148
Assess Your Understanding 149 Applying This Chapter 150
Be a Homeland Security Professional 151
Key Terms 151
References 152
CHAPTER 8. PREVENTING TERRORIST ATTACKS: ROOT CAUSES, LAW, INTELLIGENCE, AND COUNTERTERRORISM 153
Introduction 154
8.1 Addressing Root Causes 154
Self-Check 156
8.2 Policy and Legislation 156
8.2.1 Laws Prior to 9/11 157
8.2.2 Legislation After 9/11 158
Self-Check 160
8.3 Intelligence 161
8.3.1 The Need for Intelligence 161
8.3.2 The Intelligence Cycle 162
8.3.3 Challenges Facing the Intelligence Community 163
8.3.4 Successes 166
Self-Check 167
8.4 Counterterrorism 167
8.4.1 Risky Operations 170
8.4.2 Learning from Other Nations 171
8.4.3 Controversy Regarding Counterterrorism 173
Self-Check 174
Summary 174
Assess Your Understanding 175
Applying This Chapter 176
Be a Homeland Security Professional 176
Key Terms 177
References 179
CHAPTER 9. SECURING THE NATION: BORDER CONTROL AND SECTOR SAFETY 181
Introduction 182
9.1 Border Control 182
9.1.1 What Is the Border? 182
9.1.2 Our Porous Border 183
9.1.3 Participants Involved in Border Control 185
9.1.4 Measures to Secure Borders 186
Self-Check 188
9.2 Protecting Air Transportation 189
Self-Check 192
9.3 Rail Transportation Security 192
Self-Check 195
9.4 Protection of Sea Ports and Maritime Transportation 195
Self-Check 198
9.5 Protection of Petrochemical Facilities 199
Self-Check 200
Summary 201
Assess Your Understanding 202 Applying This Chapter 203
Be a Homeland Security Professional 203
Key Terms 204
References 206
CHAPTER 10. PROTECTING AGAINST POTENTIAL ATTACKS: THREAT ASSESSMENT, MITIGATION, AND OTHER MEASURES 207
Introduction 208
10.1 Threat Assessment 208
10.1.1 Critical Infrastructure, Key Assets, and Soft Targets 208
10.1.2 Collaboration with Others to Identify Threats 210
10.1.3 Points of Consideration 212
Self-Check 217
10.2 Structural and Nonstructural Mitigation 217
10.2.1 Architectural Design and Construction 218
10.2.2 Zoning and Set-back Regulations 219
10.2.3 Other Protective Measures 220
Self-Check 223
Summary 223
Assess Your Understanding 224 Applying This Chapter 225
Be a Homeland Security Professional 226
Key Terms 227
References 228
CHAPTER 11. PREPARING FOR THE UNTHINKABLE: EFFORTS FOR READINESS 229
Introduction 230
11.1 The Importance and Nature of Preparedness 230
11.1.1 Federal and State Initiatives 231
Self-Check 237
11.2 Foundations of Preparedness 237
11.2.1 Preparedness Councils 238
11.2.2 Ordinances 239
11.2.3 Budgets and Grants 239
11.2.4 Emergency Operations Centers 241
Self-Check 242
11.3 Planning 242
Self-Check 245
11.4 Other Measures 245
11.4.1 Training 245
11.4.2 Exercises 247
11.4.3 Community Education 249
Self-Check 251
Summary 252
Assess Your Understanding 253
Applying This Chapter 254
Be a Homeland Security Professional 255
Key Terms 255
References 258
CHAPTER 12. RESPONDING TO ATTACKS: IMPORTANT FUNCTIONS AND COORDINATION MECHANISMS 259
Introduction 260
12.1 Behavior and Major Priorities 260
12.1.1 Initial Investigation and Apprehension 261
12.1.2 Safety and Security 263
12.1.3 Search and Rescue 266
12.1.4 Medical Care and Triage 266
12.1.5 Decontamination 267
12.1.6 Closing the Investigation 268
Self-Check 270
12.2 Other Crucial Functions 270
12.2.1 Warning, Intelligence, and Public Information 271
12.2.2 Evacuation and Sheltering 273
Self-Check 274
12.3 Coordination Mechanisms 275
12.3.1 The Incident Command System 275
12.3.2 Strengths and Weakness of ICS 277
12.3.3 Utilization of Emergency Operations Centers 278
12.3.4 EOC Management 280
Self-Check 281
Summary 281
Assess Your Understanding 282
Applying This Chapter 283
Be a Homeland Security Professional 283
Key Terms 284
References 286
CHAPTER 13. RECOVERING FROM IMPACTS: SHORT- AND LONG-TERM MEASURES 287
Introduction 288
13.1 Initial Recovery Steps 288
13.1.1 Damage Assessment 288
13.1.2 Damage Assessment Concerns and Procedures 289
13.1.3 Declaring a Disaster and Seeking Help 290
Self-Check 292
13.2 Key Recovery Functions 292
13.2.1 Mass Fatality Management 292
13.2.2 Debris Management 294
13.2.3 Emotional Issues 296
Self-Check 297
13.3 The Importance of Disaster Assistance 298
13.3.1 Volunteer and Donation Management 298
13.3.2 Individual and Public Assistance 300
13.3.3 Novel Approaches 302
Self-Check 304
Summary 304
Assess Your Understanding 305
Applying This Chapter 306
Be a Homeland Security Professional 307
Key Terms 307
References 310
CHAPTER 14. ASSESSING SIGNIFICANT THREATS: WMD AND CYBERTERRORISM 311
Introduction 312
14.1 The Future of Terrorism and WMD 312
Self-Check 317
14.2 Radiological Weapons 317
Self-Check 321
14.3 Nuclear Weapons 321
Self-Check 325
14.4 Biological Weapons 325
Self-Check 329
14.5 Chemical Weapons 330
Self-Check 333
14.6 Cyberterrorism 333
Self-Check 337
Summary 337
Assess Your Understanding 338
Applying This Chapter 339
Be a Homeland Security Professional 339
Key Terms 340
References 342
CHAPTER 15. LOOKING TOWARD THE FUTURE: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES 343
Introduction 344
15.1 The Lessons of this Book 344
Self-Check 348
15.2 Accountability in Homeland Security 348
Self-Check 351
15.3 Clarification of Homeland Security Policy 351
Self-Check 353
15.4 Research Needs and Recommendations for the Future 354
15.4.1 Direction for Researchers 354
15.4.2 Guidance for Practitioners 356
Self-Check 358
Summary 359
Assess Your Understanding 360
Applying This Chapter 361
Be a Homeland Security Professional 361
Key Terms 362
References 362
Glossary 363
Index 377
