Chapter 1. Methodology and Scope
1.1. Market Segmentation and Scope
1.2. Research Methodology
1.2.1. Information Procurement
1.3. Information or Data Analysis
1.4. Methodology
1.5. Research Scope and Assumptions
1.6. Market Formulation & Validation
1.7. Country Based Segment Share Calculation
1.8. List of Data Sources
Chapter 2. Executive Summary
2.1. Market Outlook
2.2. Segment Outlook
2.3. Competitive Insights
Chapter 3. Variable Frequency Drive Market Variables, Trends, & Scope
3.1. Market Lineage Outlook
3.2. Market Dynamics
3.2.1. Market Driver Analysis
3.2.2. Market Restraint Analysis
3.2.3. Industry Challenge
3.3. Variable Frequency Drive Market Analysis Tools
3.3.1. Industry Analysis - Porter’s
3.3.1.1. Bargaining power of the suppliers
3.3.1.2. Bargaining power of the buyers
3.3.1.3. Threats of substitution
3.3.1.4. Threats from new entrants
3.3.1.5. Competitive rivalry
3.3.2. PESTEL Analysis
3.3.2.1. Political landscape
3.3.2.2. Economic landscape
3.3.2.3. Social landscape
3.3.2.4. Technological landscape
3.3.2.5. Environmental landscape
3.3.2.6. Legal landscape
Chapter 4. Variable Frequency Drive Market: Product Type Estimates & Trend Analysis
4.1. Segment Dashboard
4.2. Variable Frequency Drive Market: Product Type Movement Analysis, 2024 & 2030 (USD Million)
4.3. AC Drives
4.3.1. AC Drives Market Revenue Estimates and Forecasts, 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
4.4. DC Drives
4.4.1. DC Drives Market Revenue Estimates and Forecasts, 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
4.5. Servo Drives
4.5.1. Servo Drives Market Revenue Estimates and Forecasts, 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Chapter 5. Variable Frequency Drive Market: Power Range Estimates & Trend Analysis
5.1. Segment Dashboard
5.2. Variable Frequency Drive Market: Power Range Movement Analysis, 2024 & 2030 (USD Million)
5.3. Micro (0-5 kW)
5.3.1. Micro (0-5 kW) Market Revenue Estimates and Forecasts, 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
5.4. Low (6-40 kW)
5.4.1. Low (6-40 kW) Market Revenue Estimates and Forecasts, 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
5.5. Medium (41-200 kW)
5.5.1. Medium (41-200 kW) Market Revenue Estimates and Forecasts, 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
5.6. High (>200 kW)
5.6.1. High (>200 kW) Market Revenue Estimates and Forecasts, 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Chapter 6. Variable Frequency Drive Market: Application Estimates & Trend Analysis
6.1. Segment Dashboard
6.2. Variable Frequency Drive Market: Application Movement Analysis, 2024 & 2030 (USD Million)
6.3. Pumps
6.3.1. Pumps Market Revenue Estimates and Forecasts, 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
6.4. Electric Fans
6.4.1. Electric Fans Market Revenue Estimates and Forecasts, 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
6.5. Conveyers
6.5.1. Conveyers Market Revenue Estimates and Forecasts, 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
6.6. HVAC
6.6.1. HVAC Market Revenue Estimates and Forecasts, 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
6.7. Extruders
6.7.1. Extruders Market Revenue Estimates and Forecasts, 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
6.8. Others
6.8.1. Others Market Revenue Estimates and Forecasts, 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Chapter 7. Variable Frequency Drive Market: End Use Estimates & Trend Analysis
7.1. Segment Dashboard
7.2. Variable Frequency Drive Market: End Use Movement Analysis, 2024 & 2030 (USD Million)
7.3. Oil & Gas
7.3.1. Oil & Gas Market Revenue Estimates and Forecasts, 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
7.4. Power Generation
7.4.1. Power Generation Market Revenue Estimates and Forecasts, 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
7.5. Industrial
7.5.1. Industrial Market Revenue Estimates and Forecasts, 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
7.6. Infrastructure
7.6.1. Infrastructure Market Revenue Estimates and Forecasts, 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
7.7. Automotive
7.7.1. Automotive Market Revenue Estimates and Forecasts, 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
7.8. Food & Beverages
7.8.1. Food & Beverages Market Revenue Estimates and Forecasts, 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
7.9. Others
7.9.1. Others Market Revenue Estimates and Forecasts, 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Chapter 8. Variable Frequency Drive Market: Regional Estimates & Trend Analysis
8.1. Variable Frequency Drive Market Share, By Region, 2024 & 2030 (USD Million)
8.2. North America
8.2.1. North America Variable Frequency Drive Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
8.2.2. U.S.
8.2.2.1. U.S. Variable Frequency Drive Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
8.2.3. Canada
8.2.3.1. Canada Variable Frequency Drive Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
8.2.4. Mexico
8.2.4.1. Mexico Variable Frequency Drive Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
8.3. Europe
8.3.1. Europe Variable Frequency Drive Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
8.3.2. U.K.
8.3.2.1. U.K. Variable Frequency Drive Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
8.3.3. Germany
8.3.3.1. Germany Variable Frequency Drive Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
8.3.4. France
8.3.4.1. France Variable Frequency Drive Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
8.4. Asia Pacific
8.4.1. Asia Pacific Variable Frequency Drive Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
8.4.2. China
8.4.2.1. China Variable Frequency Drive Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
8.4.3. Japan
8.4.3.1. Japan Variable Frequency Drive Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
8.4.4. India
8.4.4.1. India Variable Frequency Drive Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
8.4.5. South Korea
8.4.5.1. South Korea Variable Frequency Drive Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
8.4.6. Australia
8.4.6.1. Australia Variable Frequency Drive Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
8.5. Latin America
8.5.1. Latin America Variable Frequency Drive Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
8.5.2. Brazil
8.5.2.1. Brazil Variable Frequency Drive Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
8.6. Middle East and Africa
8.6.1. Middle East and Africa Variable Frequency Drive Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
8.6.2. UAE
8.6.2.1. UAE Variable Frequency Drive Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
8.6.3. KSA
8.6.3.1. KSA Variable Frequency Drive Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
8.6.4. South Africa
8.6.4.1. South Africa Variable Frequency Drive Market Estimates and Forecasts, 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Chapter 9. Competitive Landscape
9.1. Company Categorization
9.2. Company Market Positioning
9.3. Company Heat Map Analysis
9.4. Company Profiles/Listing
9.4.1. ABB
9.4.1.1. Participant’s Overview
9.4.1.2. Financial Performance
9.4.1.3. Product Benchmarking
9.4.1.4. Strategic Initiatives
9.4.2. Eaton
9.4.2.1. Participant’s Overview
9.4.2.2. Financial Performance
9.4.2.3. Product Benchmarking
9.4.2.4. Strategic Initiatives
9.4.3. General Electric
9.4.3.1. Participant’s Overview
9.4.3.2. Financial Performance
9.4.3.3. Product Benchmarking
9.4.3.4. Strategic Initiatives
9.4.4. Hitachi Ltd.
9.4.4.1. Participant’s Overview
9.4.4.2. Financial Performance
9.4.4.3. Product Benchmarking
9.4.4.4. Strategic Initiatives
9.4.5. Rockwell Automation Inc.
9.4.5.1. Participant’s Overview
9.4.5.2. Financial Performance
9.4.5.3. Product Benchmarking
9.4.5.4. Strategic Initiatives
9.4.6. Schneider Electric
9.4.6.1. Participant’s Overview
9.4.6.2. Financial Performance
9.4.6.3. Product Benchmarking
9.4.6.4. Strategic Initiatives
9.4.7. Siemens AG
9.4.7.1. Participant’s Overview
9.4.7.2. Financial Performance
9.4.7.3. Product Benchmarking
9.4.7.4. Strategic Initiatives
9.4.8. The Danfoss Group
9.4.8.1. Participant’s Overview
9.4.8.2. Financial Performance
9.4.8.3. Product Benchmarking
9.4.8.4. Strategic Initiatives
9.4.9. WEG S.A.
9.4.9.1. Participant’s Overview
9.4.9.2. Financial Performance
9.4.9.3. Product Benchmarking
9.4.9.4. Strategic Initiatives
9.4.10. Yaskawa Electric Corporation
9.4.10.1. Participant’s Overview
9.4.10.2. Financial Performance
9.4.10.3. Product Benchmarking
9.4.10.4. Strategic Initiatives
List of Tables
Table 1 Global variable frequency drive market size estimates & forecasts 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 2 Global variable frequency drive market, by region 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 3 Global variable frequency drive market, by product type 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 4 Global variable frequency drive market, by power range 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 5 Global variable frequency drive market, by application 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 6 Global variable frequency drive market, by end use 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 7 AC drives market, by region 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 8 DC drives market, by region 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 9 Servo drives market, by region 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 10 Micro (0-5 kW) market, by region 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 11 Low (6-40 kW) market, by region 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 12 Medium (41-200 kW) market, by region 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 13 High (>200 kW) market, by region 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 14 Pumps market, by region 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 15 Electric fans market, by region 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 16 Conveyers market, by region 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 17 HVAC market, by region 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 18 Extruders market, by region 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 19 Others market, by region 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 20 Oil & gas market, by region 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 21 Power generation market, by region 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 22 Industrial market, by region 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 23 Infrastructure market, by region 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 24 Automotive market, by region 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 25 Food & beverages market, by region 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 26 Others market, by region 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 27 North America variable frequency drive market, by product type 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 28 North America variable frequency drive market, by power range 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 29 North America variable frequency drive market, by application 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 30 North America variable frequency drive market, by end use 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 31 U.S. variable frequency drive market, by product type 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 32 U.S. variable frequency drive market, by power range 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 33 U.S. variable frequency drive market, by application 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 34 U.S. variable frequency drive market, by end use 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 35 Canada variable frequency drive market, by product type 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 36 Canada variable frequency drive market, by power range 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 37 Canada variable frequency drive market, by application 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 38 Canada variable frequency drive market, by end use 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 39 Mexico variable frequency drive market, by product type 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 40 Mexico variable frequency drive market, by power range 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 41 Mexico variable frequency drive market, by application 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 42 Mexico variable frequency drive market, by end use 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 43 Europe variable frequency drive market, by product type 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 44 Europe variable frequency drive market, by power range 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 45 Europe variable frequency drive market, by application 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 46 Europe variable frequency drive market, by end use 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 47 U.K. variable frequency drive market, by product type 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 48 U.K. variable frequency drive market, by power range 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 49 U.K. variable frequency drive market, by application 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 50 U.K. variable frequency drive market, by end use 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 51 Germany variable frequency drive market, by product type 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 52 Germany variable frequency drive market, by power range 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 53 Germany variable frequency drive market, by application 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 54 Germany variable frequency drive market, by end use 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 55 France variable frequency drive market, by product type 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 56 France variable frequency drive market, by power range 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 57 France variable frequency drive market, by application 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 58 France variable frequency drive market, by end use 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 59 Asia Pacific variable frequency drive market, by product type 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 60 Asia Pacific variable frequency drive market, by power range 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 61 Asia Pacific variable frequency drive market, by application 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 62 Asia Pacific variable frequency drive market, by end use 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 63 China variable frequency drive market, by product type 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 64 China variable frequency drive market, by power range 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 65 China variable frequency drive market, by application 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 66 China variable frequency drive market, by end use 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 67 India variable frequency drive market, by product type 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 68 India variable frequency drive market, by power range 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 69 India variable frequency drive market, by application 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 70 India variable frequency drive market, by end use 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 71 Japan variable frequency drive market, by product type 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 72 Japan variable frequency drive market, by power range 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 73 Japan variable frequency drive market, by application 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 74 Japan variable frequency drive market, by end use 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 75 Australia variable frequency drive market, by product type 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 76 Australia variable frequency drive market, by power range 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 77 Australia variable frequency drive market, by application 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 78 Australia variable frequency drive market, by end use 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 79 South Korea variable frequency drive market, by product type 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 80 South Korea variable frequency drive market, by power range 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 81 South Korea variable frequency drive market, by application 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 82 South Korea variable frequency drive market, by end use 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 83 Latin America variable frequency drive market, by product type 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 84 Latin America variable frequency drive market, by power range 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 85 Latin America variable frequency drive market, by application 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 86 Latin America variable frequency drive market, by end use 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 87 Brazil variable frequency drive market, by product type 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 88 Brazil variable frequency drive market, by power range 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 89 Brazil variable frequency drive market, by application 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 90 Brazil variable frequency drive market, by end use 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 91 MEA variable frequency drive market, by product type 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 92 MEA variable frequency drive market, by power range 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 93 MEA variable frequency drive market, by application 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 94 MEA variable frequency drive market, by end use 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 95 UAE variable frequency drive market, by product type 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 96 UAE variable frequency drive market, by power range 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 97 UAE variable frequency drive market, by application 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 98 UAE variable frequency drive market, by end use 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 99 KSA variable frequency drive market, by product type 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 100 KSA variable frequency drive market, by power range 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 101 KSA variable frequency drive market, by application 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 102 KSA variable frequency drive market, by end use 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 103 South Africa variable frequency drive market, by product type 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 104 South Africa variable frequency drive market, by power range 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 105 South Africa variable frequency drive market, by application 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Table 106 South Africa variable frequency drive market, by end use 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
List of Figures
Fig. 1 Variable frequency drive market segmentation
Fig. 2 Market research power range
Fig. 3 Information procurement
Fig. 4 Primary research pattern
Fig. 5 Market research approaches
Fig. 6 Value chain-based sizing & forecasting
Fig. 7 Parent market analysis
Fig. 8 Market formulation & validation
Fig. 9 Variable frequency drive market snapshot
Fig. 10 Variable frequency drive market segment snapshot
Fig. 11 Variable frequency drive market competitive landscape snapshot
Fig. 12 Market research power range
Fig. 13 Market driver relevance analysis (Current & future impact)
Fig. 14 Market restraint relevance analysis (Current & future impact)
Fig. 15 Variable frequency drive market: Product type outlook key takeaways (USD Million)
Fig. 16 Variable frequency drive market: Product type movement analysis 2024 & 2030 (USD Million)
Fig. 17 AC drives market revenue estimates and forecasts, 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Fig. 18 DC drives market revenue estimates and forecasts, 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Fig. 19 Servo drives market revenue estimates and forecasts, 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Fig. 20 Variable frequency drive market: Power Range outlook key takeaways (USD Million)
Fig. 21 Variable frequency drive market: Power Range movement analysis 2024 & 2030 (USD Million)
Fig. 22 Micro (0-5 kW) market revenue estimates and forecasts, 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Fig. 23 Low (6-40 kW) market revenue estimates and forecasts, 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Fig. 24 Medium (41-200 kW) market revenue estimates and forecasts, 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Fig. 25 High (>200 kW) market revenue estimates and forecasts, 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Fig. 26 Variable frequency drive market: Application outlook key takeaways (USD Million)
Fig. 27 Variable frequency drive market: Application movement analysis 2024 & 2030 (USD Million)
Fig. 28 Pumps market revenue estimates and forecasts, 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Fig. 29 Electric fans market revenue estimates and forecasts, 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Fig. 30 Conveyers’ market revenue estimates and forecasts, 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Fig. 31 HVAC market revenue estimates and forecasts, 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Fig. 32 Extruders market revenue estimates and forecasts, 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Fig. 33 Others market revenue estimates and forecasts, 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Fig. 34 Variable frequency drive market: End use outlook key takeaways (USD Million)
Fig. 35 Variable frequency drive market: End use movement analysis 2024 & 2030 (USD Million)
Fig. 36 Oil & gas market revenue estimates and forecasts, 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Fig. 37 Power generation market revenue estimates and forecasts, 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Fig. 38 Industrial market revenue estimates and forecasts, 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Fig. 39 Infrastructure market revenue estimates and forecasts, 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Fig. 40 Automotive market revenue estimates and forecasts, 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Fig. 41 Food & beverages market revenue estimates and forecasts, 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Fig. 42 Others market revenue estimates and forecasts, 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Fig. 43 Regional marketplace: Key takeaways
Fig. 44 Variable frequency drive market: Regional outlook, 2024 & 2030 (USD Million)
Fig. 45 North America variable frequency drive market estimates and forecasts, 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Fig. 46 U.S. variable frequency drive market estimates and forecasts, 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Fig. 47 Canada variable frequency drive market estimates and forecasts, 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Fig. 48 Mexico variable frequency drive market estimates and forecasts, 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Fig. 49 Europe variable frequency drive market estimates and forecasts, 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Fig. 50 U.K. variable frequency drive market estimates and forecasts, 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Fig. 51 Germany variable frequency drive market estimates and forecasts, 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Fig. 52 France variable frequency drive market estimates and forecasts, 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Fig. 53 Asia Pacific variable frequency drive market estimates and forecasts, 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Fig. 54 Japan variable frequency drive market estimates and forecasts, 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Fig. 55 China variable frequency drive market estimates and forecasts, 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Fig. 56 India variable frequency drive market estimates and forecasts, 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Fig. 57 Australia variable frequency drive market estimates and forecasts, 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Fig. 58 South Korea variable frequency drive market estimates and forecasts, 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Fig. 59 Latin America variable frequency drive market estimates and forecasts, 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Fig. 60 Brazil variable frequency drive market estimates and forecasts, 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Fig. 61 MEA variable frequency drive market estimates and forecasts, 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Fig. 62 KSA variable frequency drive market estimates and forecasts, 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Fig. 63 UAE variable frequency drive market estimates and forecasts, 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Fig. 64 South Africa variable frequency drive market estimates and forecasts, 2018 - 2030 (USD Million)
Fig. 65 Strategy framework
Fig. 66 Company Categorization