The leading introductory radiology text for medical students and others who are required to read and interpret common radiologic images, Learning Radiology, 4th Edition, stresses an easy-to-follow pattern recognition approach that teaches how to differentiate normal and abnormal images. Dr. William Herring's clear, conversational writing style employs a touch of humor to explain what you need to know to effectively interpret medical images of all modalities. From the basics of patient safety, dose reduction, and radiation protection to the latest information on ultrasound, MRI, and CT, this concise, user-friendly text provides a complete, up-to-date introduction to radiology needed by today's students.
- Teaches how to arrive at a diagnosis by following a pattern recognition approach, and logically overcome difficult diagnostic challenges with the aid of decision trees.
- Features an easy-to-read bulleted format, high-quality illustrations, useful tables, and teaching boxes, as well as special content on Diagnostic Ptifalls; Really Important Points; Weblinks; and Take-Home Points.
- Includes three new chapters: Vascular, Pediatric, and Point-of-Care Ultrasound; Using Image-Guided Interventions in Diagnosis and Treatment (Interventional Radiology); Recognizing the Imaging Findings of Breast Disease.
- Helps ensure mastery of the material with additional online content, bonus images, and USMLE-style Q&A that provide effective chapter review and quick practice for your exams.
- Shares the extensive knowledge and experience of esteemed author Dr.
- Includes an Enhanced eBook version with purchase. Your enhanced eBook allows you to access all of the text, figures, and references from the book on a variety of devices.
Table of Contents
1 Recognizing Anything: An Introduction to Imaging Modalities
Many Shades of Gray Conventional Radiography (Plain Films) The Five Basic Densities Computed Tomography Ultrasound Magnetic Resonance Imaging Fluoroscopy Nuclear Medicine Conventions Used in This Book
2 Recognizing a Technically Adequate Chest Radiograph
Evaluating the Chest Radiograph for Technical Adequacy Penetration Inspiration Rotation Magnification Angulation
3 Recognizing Normal Pulmonary Anatomy
The Normal Frontal Chest Radiograph The Normal Lateral Chest Radiograph Normal CT Anatomy of the Chest
4 Recognizing Normal Cardiac Anatomy
Evaluating the Heart on Chest Radiographs General Principles Evaluating the Heart on Cardiac CT Uses of Cardiac CT Cardiac MRI
5 Recognizing Airspace Versus Interstitial Lung Disease
Classifying Parenchymal Lung Disease Characteristics of Airspace Disease Some Causes of Airspace Disease Characteristics of Interstitial Lung Disease Some Causes of Interstitial Lung Disease
6 Recognizing the Causes of an Opacified Hemithorax
Atelectasis of the Entire Lung Massive Pleural Effusion Pneumonia of an Entire Lung Postpneumonectomy
7 Recognizing Atelectasis
What Is Atelectasis? Signs of Atelectasis Types of Atelectasis How Atelectasis Resolves
8 Recognizing a Pleural Effusion
Normal Anatomy and Physiology of the Pleural Space Modalities for Detecting Pleural Effusions Causes of Pleural Effusions Types of Pleural Effusions Side-Specificity of Pleural Effusions Recognizing the Different Appearances of Pleural Effusions
9 Recognizing Pneumonia
General Considerations General Characteristics of Pneumonia Patterns of Pneumonia Lobar Pneumonia Segmental Pneumonia (Bronchopneumonia) Interstitial Pneumonia Round Pneumonia Cavitary Pneumonia Aspiration Localizing Pneumonia How Pneumonia Resolves
10 Recognizing the Correct Placement of Lines and Tubes and Their Potential Complications: Critical Care Radiology
Endotracheal and Tracheostomy Tubes Intravascular Catheters Peripherally Inserted Central Catheters: PICC Multiple Lumen Catheters: "Quinton Catheters,� Hemodialysis Catheters Pleural Drainage Tubes (Chest Tubes, Thoracotomy Tubes) Cardiac Devices: Pacemaker, Automatic Implantable Cardiac Defibrillator (AICD), Intra-aortic Balloon Pump (IABP) Automatic Implantable Cardiac Defibrillators (AICD) Intra-aortic Counterpulsation Balloon Pump (IABP or IACB) GI Tubes and Lines: Nasogastric Tubes, Feeding Tubes
11 Recognizing Other Diseases of the Chest
Mediastinal Masses Anterior Mediastinum Middle Mediastinal Masses Posterior Mediastinal Masses Solitary Nodule/Mass in the Lung Bronchogenic Carcinoma Metastatic Neoplasms in the Lung Pulmonary Thromboembolic Disease (PE) Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Bullae, Cysts, and Cavities Bronchiectasis
12 Recognizing Adult Heart Disease
Recognizing an Enlarged Cardiac Silhouette Recognizing Common Cardiac Diseases
13 Recognizing the Normal Abdomen and Pelvis: Conventional Radiographs
Recognizing the Normal Abdomen: What to Look For Acute Abdominal Series: The Views and What They Show Recognizing the Normal Abdomen: Extraluminal Air Recognizing the Normal Abdomen: Calcifi cations Recognizing the Normal Abdomen: Organomegaly
14 Recognizing the Normal Abdomen and Pelvis on Computed Tomography
Introduction to Abdominal and Pelvic CT Intravenous Contrast in CT Scanning Oral Contrast in CT Scanning Abdominal CT: General Considerations Abdominal CT: By Organ
15 Recognizing Bowel Obstruction and Ileus
Abnormal Gas Patterns Laws of the Gut Functional Ileus: Localized-Sentinel Loops Functional Ileus: Generalized Adynamic Ileus Mechanical Obstruction: Small Bowel Obstruction Mechanical Obstruction: Large Bowel Obstruction (LBO) Volvulus of the Colon Intestinal Pseudoobstruction (Ogilvie Syndrome)
16 Recognizing Extraluminal Gas in the Abdomen
Signs of Free Intraperitoneal Air Signs of Extraperitoneal Air (Retroperitoneal Air) Signs of Air in the Bowel Wall Signs of Air in the Biliary System
17 Recognizing Abnormal Calcifications and Their Causes
Patterns of Calcification Location of Calcification
18 Recognizing Gastrointestinal, Hepatobiliary, and Urinary Tract Abnormalities
Barium Studies of the Gastrointestinal Tract Esophagus Stomach and Duodenum Small and Large Bowel Large Bowel Pancreas Hepatobiliary Abnormalities Biliary System Urinary Tract Pelvis Urinary Bladder Adenopathy
19 Ultrasonography: Understanding the Principles and Its Uses in Abdominal and Pelvic Imaging
How it Works Types of Ultrasound Adverse Effects or Safety Issues Medical Uses of Ultrasonography Female Pelvic Organs Pregnancy Abdominal Hernias Appendicitis Ascites Musculoskeletal System Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound
20 Vascular, Pediatric, and Point-of-Care Ultrasound
Vascular Ultrasound Arterial Stenosis Pseudoaneurysm Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) Pediatrics Point-of-Care Ultrasound
21 Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Understanding the Principles and Recognizing the Basics
How MRI Works Hardware That Makes Up an MRI Scanner What Happens Once Scanning Begins How Can You Identify a T1-Weighted or T2-Weighted Image? MRI Contrast: General Considerations MRI Safety Issues Diagnostic Applications of MRI
22 Recognizing Nontraumatic Abnormalities of the Appendicular Skeleton Including Arthritis
Conventional Radiography, CT, and MRI in Bone Imaging Normal Bone and Joint Anatomy Diseases That Affect Bone Density Diseases That Increase Bone Density Diseases That Decrease Bone Density Diseases of the Joints: An Approach to Arthritis
23 Recognizing Nontraumatic Abnormalities of the Spine
The Normal Spine Normal MRI Appearance of the Spine Back Pain
24 Recognizing Trauma to the Bony Skeleton
Recognizing an Acute Fracture Recognizing Dislocations and Subluxations Describing Fractures Avulsion Fractures Salter-Harris Fractures: Epiphyseal Plate Fractures in Children Child Abuse Stress Fractures Common Fracture Eponyms Some Subtle Fractures or Dislocations Fracture Healing Spinal Trauma Pathologic Fractures
25 Recognizing the Imaging Findings of Trauma to the Chest
Chest Trauma Chest Wall Trauma Pleural Abnormalities: Pneumothorax Imaging Modalities Used to Diagnose a Pneumothorax Trauma-Related Parenchymal Lung Abnormalities Aortic Trauma
26 Recognizing the Imaging Findings of Trauma to the Abdomen and Pelvis
Abdominal Trauma Pelvic Trauma Less Common Abdominal Injuries
27 Recognizing Some Common Causes of Intracranial Pathology
Normal Anatomy MRI and the Brain Head Trauma Intracranial Hemorrhage Diffuse Axonal Injury Increased Intracranial Pressure Stroke Ruptured Aneurysms Hydrocephalus Cerebral Atrophy Brain Tumors Other Diseases Terminology
28 Recognizing Pediatric Diseases
Diseases Discussed in This Chapter Newborn Respiratory Distress Childhood Lung Disease Soft Tissues of the Neck Ingested Foreign Bodies Other Diseases Salter-Harris Fractures: Epiphyseal Plate Fractures in Children Child Abuse Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC) Esophageal Atresia With/Without Tracheoesophageal Fistula (TEF)
29 Using Image-Guided Interventions in Diagnosis and Treatment: Interventional Radiology
Arterial Access and Arteriography Central Venous Access: Image-Guided Venous Access Pulmonary Embolism: Thrombolysis Pulmonary Embolism: Inferior Vena Caval (IVC) Filter Placement Pulmonary Nodule: Image-Guided Biopsy Hepatic/Renal/Pulmonary Tumor: Thermal Ablation Portal Hypertension: Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt (TIPS) Abscess: Percutaneous Abscess Aspiration and Drain Placement Gastrointestinal (GI) Bleeding: Arteriography and Embolization Obstructive Uropathy: Percutaneous Nephrostomy (PCN)/Nephroureterostomy (PCNU) Aortic Aneurysm: Endovascular Aneurysm Repair (EVAR) Uterine Fibroids: Uterine Fibroid Embolization (UFE) Acute Ischemic Stroke: Mechanical Thrombectomy
30 Recognizing the Findings in Breast Imaging
Breast Imaging Modalities: Overview Mammography: Screening Versus Diagnostic Fundamental Mammography Findings Ultrasound Magnetic Resonance Imaging Management of Breast Abnormalities Special Considerations
Bibliography
Chapter 1 Quiz Answers
Online-Only Appendixes
A. Self-Assessment Quizzes B. Normal Imaging Anatomy Quizzes C. Unknown Cases D. The ABCs of Heart Disease E. Radiation Dose and Safety F. What to Order When G. Chapters 1 and 18 Glossaries (General Terminology and GI Imaging Terminology) H. Nuclear Medicine: Understanding the Principles and Recognizing the Basics
