1 SOLVENT USE IN VARIOUS INDUSTRIES
1.1 Adhesives and sealants
George Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Toronto, Canada
1.2 Aerospace
1.3 Asphalt compounding
1.4 Biotechnology
1.4.1 Organic solvents in microbial production processes
Michiaki Matsumoto, Sonja Isken, Jan A. M. de Bont, Division of Industrial Microbiology Department of Food Technology and Nutritional Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
1.4.2 Solvent-resistant microorganisms
Tilman Hahn, Konrad Botzenhart, Institut fuer Allgemeine Hygiene und Umwelthygiene, Universitaet Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
1.4.3 Choice of solvent for enzymatic reaction in organic solvent
Tsuneo Yamane, Graduate School of Bio- and Agro-Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
1.5 Coil coating
George Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Toronto, Canada
1.6 Cosmetics and personal care products
1.7 Dry cleaning - treatment of textiles in solvents
Kaspar D. Hasenclever, Kreussler & Co. GmbH, Wiesbaden, Germany
1.8 Fabricated metal products
George Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Toronto, Canada
1.9 Food industry - solvents for extracting vegetable oils
Phillip J. Wakelyn, National Cotton Council, Washington, DC, USA; Peter J. Wan, USDA, ARS, SRRC, New Orleans, LA, USA
1.10 Ground transportation
George Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Toronto, Canada
1.11 Inorganic chemical industry
1.12 Iron and steel industry
1.1 Lumber and wood products - Wood preservation treatment: significance of solvents
Tilman Hahn, Konrad Botzenhart, Fritz Schweinsberg, Institut fuer Allgemeine Hygiene und Umwelthygiene, Universitaet Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; Gerhard Volland, Otto-Graf-Institut, Universitaet Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
1.14 Medical applications
George Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Toronto, Canada
1.15 Metal casting
1.16 Motor vehicle assembly
1.17 Organic chemical industry
1.18 Paints and coatings
1.18.1 Architectural surface coatings and solvents
Tilman Hahn, Konrad Botzenhart, Fritz Schweinsberg, Institut fuer Allgemeine Hygiene und Umwelthygiene, Universitaet Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; Gerhard Volland, Otto-Graf-Institut, Universitaet Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
1.18.2 Recent advances in coalescing solvents for waterborne coatings
David Randall, Chemoxy International plc, Cleveland, United Kingdom
1.7 Petroleum refining industry
George Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Toronto, Canada
1.8 Pharmaceutical industry
1.8.1 Use of solvents in the manufacture of drug substances (DS) and drug products (DP)
Michel Bauer, International Analytical Department, Sanofi-Synthelabo, Toulouse, France; Christine Barthelemy, Laboratoire de Pharmacie Galenique et Biopharmacie, Faculte des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Universite de Lille 2, Lille, France
1.8.2 Predicting cosolvency for pharmaceutical and environmental applications
An Li, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
1.9 Polymers and man-made fibers
George Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Toronto, Canada
1.22 Printing industry
1.23 Pulp and paper
1.24 Rubber and Plastics
1.25 Use of solvents in the shipbuilding and ship repair industry
Mohamed Serageldin, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA; Dave Reeves, Midwest Research Institute, Cary, NC, USA
1.26 Stone, clay, glass, and concrete
George Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Toronto, Canada
1.27 Textile industry
1.28 Transportation equipment cleaning
1.29 Water transportation
1.30 Wood furniture
1.31 Summary
2 METHODS OF SOLVENT DETECTION AND TESTING
2.1 Standard methods of solvent analysis
George Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Toronto, Canada
2.2 Special methods of solvent analysis
Myrto Petreas, California Environmental Protection Agency, Berkeley, USA
3 RESIDUAL SOLVENTS IN PRODUCTS
3.1 Residual solvents in various products
George Wypych, ChemTec Laboratories, Toronto, Canada
3.2 Residual solvents in pharmaceutical substances and products
Eric Deconinck and Bart Desmedt
4 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF SOLVENTS
4.1 The environmental chemistry of organic solvents
William R. Roy, USA
4.2 The environmental chemistry of ionic liquids
William R. Roy, USA
4.3 Organic solvent impacts on tropospheric air pollution
Michelle Bergin, Armistead Russell, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
5 CONCENTRATION OF SOLVENTS IN VARIOUS INDUSTRIAL ENVIRONMENTS
5.1 Measurement and estimation of solvents emission and odor
Margot Scheithauer, Institut fuer Holztechnologie Dresden, Germany
5.2 Emission of organic solvents during usage of ecological paints
Krzysztof M. Benczek, Joanna Kurpiewska, Central Institute for Labor Protection, Warsaw, Poland
5.3 Solvent levels in the vehicle collision repair industry
Samuel Keer, Centre for Public Health Research, Wellington, New Zealand
6 REGULATIONS
6.1 Regulations in US and other countries
Carlos M. Nunez, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Risk Management Research Laboratory Research, Triangle Park, NC, USA
6.2 Regulations in Europe
Tilman Hahn, Konrad Botzenhart, Fritz Schweinsberg, Institut fuer Allgemeine Hygiene und Umwelthygiene, Universitaet Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
7 TOXIC EFFECTS OF SOLVENT EXPOSURE
7.1 Toxicokinetics, toxicodynamics, and toxicology
Tilman Hahn, Konrad Botzenhart, Fritz Schweinsberg, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
7.2 Solvent exposure in pregnancy
SC Mitchell, Computational and Systems Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK and RH Waring
School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, UK
7.3 Nephrotoxicity of industrial solvents
Nachman Brautbar and Michael P. Wu, University of Southern California, School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA and Nachman Brautbar, M.D., Inc., Los Angeles, CA, USA
7.4 Lymphohematopoietic malignancies among workers exposed to benzene including leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma
Nachman Brautbar, Michael P. Wu, Alexandra E. Rieders, University of Southern California, School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA and Nachman Brautbar, M.D., Inc., Los Angeles, CA, USA
7.5 Genotoxicity of benzene
Nachman Brautbar, Michael P. Wu, Alexandra E. Rieders, University of Southern California, School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA and Nachman Brautbar, M.D., Inc., Los Angeles, CA, USA
7.6 Chromosomal aberrations and sister chromatoid exchanges
Nachman Brautbar, University of Southern California, School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA and Nachman Brautbar, M.D., Inc., Los Angeles, CA, USA
7.7 Hepatotoxicity of industrial solvents
Nachman Brautbar and Michael P. Wu, University of Southern California, School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA and Nachman Brautbar, M.D., Inc., Los Angeles, CA, USA
7.8 Toxicity of environmental solvent exposure for brain, lung and heart
Kaye H. Kilburn, School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
8 SUBSTITUTION OF SOLVENTS BY SAFER PRODUCTS AND PROCESSES
8.1 Supercritical solvents
Aydin K. Sunol, Sermin G. Sunol, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
8.2 Ionic liquids
D.W. Rooney and Johan Jacquemin, School of Chemistry, The Queen’s University of Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
8.3 Deep eutectic solvents and their applications as new green reaction media
Joaquin Garcia-Alvarez, Universidad de Oviedo, Spain
8.4 Novel applications of the bio-based solvent ethyl lactate in chemical technology
David Villanueva-Bermejo, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science,
University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada and Tiziana Fornari, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
9 SOLVENT RECYCLING, REMOVAL, AND DEGRADATION
9.1 Absorptive solvent recovery
Klaus-Dirk Henning, CarboTech Aktivkohlen GmbH, Essen, Germany
9.2 Recovery versus incineration
Danilo Alexander Figueroa Paredes and José Espinosa. INGAR, Avellaneda, Argentina and Antonio Amelio, Department of Environment, Land and Infrastructure Engineering), Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy
9.3 Solvent recovery, recycling, and incineration
George Wypych
ChemTec Laboratories, Toronto, Canada
9.4 Application of solar photocatalytic oxidation to VOC-containing airstreams
K. A. Magrini, A. S. Watt, L. C. Boyd, E. J. Wolfrum, S. A. Larson,C. Roth, G. C. Glatzmaier, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USA
10 NATURAL ATTENUATION OF CHLORINATED SOLVENTS IN GROUND WATER
Hanadi S. Rifai, Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA; Groundwater Services, Inc., Houston, Texas, USA; Charles J. Newell Todd H. Wiedemeier, Parson Engineering Science, Denver, CO, USA
Moffett Field, CA
