Climate extremes often imply significant impacts on human and natural systems, and these extreme events are anticipated to be among the potentially most harmful consequences of a changing climate. However, while extreme event impacts are increasingly recognized, methodologies to address such impacts and the degree of our understanding and prediction capabilities vary widely among different sectors and disciplines. Moreover, traditional climate extreme indices and large-scale multi-model intercomparisons that are used for future projections of extreme events and associated impacts often fall short in capturing the full complexity of impact systems.
Climate Extremes and Their Implications for Impact and Risk Assessment describes challenges, opportunities and methodologies for the analysis of the impacts of climate extremes across various sectors to support their impact and risk assessment. It thereby also�facilitates�cross-sectoral and cross-disciplinary discussions and exchange among climate and impact scientists. The sectors covered include agriculture, terrestrial ecosystems, human health, transport, conflict, and more broadly covering the human-environment nexus. The book concludes with an outlook on the need for more transdisciplinary work and international collaboration between scientists and practitioners to address emergent risks and extreme events towards risk reduction and strengthened societal resilience.
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Table of Contents
1. Climate extremes and their implications for impact modeling: A short introductionJana Sillmann and Sebastian Sippel
2. Climate scenarios and their relevance and implications for impact studies
Claudia Tebaldi and Brian O'Neill
3. Changes in climate extremes in observations and climate model simulations. From the past into the future
Markus Donat, Jana Sillmann and Erich Fischer
4. Multivariate extremes and compound events
Jakob Zscheischler, Bart van den Hurk, Philip Ward and Seth Westra
5. Bias-correction of climate model output for impact models
Alex J. Cannon, Claudio Piani and Sebastian Sippel
6. Anthropogenic changes in tropical cyclones and its impacts
Michael Wehner
7. Machine Learning Applications for Agricultural Impacts Under Extreme Events
Carlos Felipe Gaitan
8. Assessing the F rance 2016 extreme wheat production loss
evaluating our operational capacity to predict complex compound events
Marijn Van der Velde, R?mi Lecerf, Rapha?l d'Andrimont and Tamara Ben-Ari
9. Probabilistic drought risk analysis for even-aged forests
Marcel Van Oijen and Miguel Angel de Zavala
10. Projecting health impacts of climate extremes: a methodological overview
Ana Maria Vicedo-Cabrera, Francesco Sera and Antonio Gasparrini
11. Climate extremes and their implications for impact modelling in transport
Maria Pregnolato, David Jaroszweski, Alistair Ford and Richard Dawson
12. Assessing Vulnerability and Risk of Climate Change
Bapon SHM Fakhruddin,?Kate Boylan, Alec Wild and Rebekah Robertson
13. Data challenges limit our global understanding of humanitarian disasters triggered by climate extremes
Miguel D. Mahecha, Debarati Guha-Sapir, Jeroen Smits, Fabian Gans and Guido Kraemer
14. Adaptive capacity of coupled socio-ecological systems to absorb climate extremes
Anja Rammig, Michael Bahn, Carolina Vera, Thomas Knoke, Carola Paul, Bj?rn Vollan, Karlheinz Erb, Richard Bardgett, Stefan Liehr, Sandra Lavorel and Kirsten Thonicke
15. Impacts of Extreme Events on Medieval Societies: Lesson from Climate History
Martin Bauch
16. Climate Extremes and Conflict Dynamics
J?rgen Scheffran
17. Avoiding impacts and impacts avoided
new frontiers in impact science for adaptation research and policy relevant assessments
Carl-Friedrich Schleussner and Benoit P. Guillod
18. Outlook: Challenges for societal resilience under climate extremesOutlook
Markus Reichstein, Dorothea Frank, Jana Sillmann and Sebastian Sippel
Authors
Jana Sillmann Center for International Climate Research (CICERO), Oslo, NorwayCenter for International Climate Research (CICERO), Oslo, Norway. Dr. Jana Sillmann is Research Director at the Center for International Climate Research (CICERO) in Oslo, Norway and leads the Climate Impacts group. She holds a doctoral degree in Earth system sciences and is an internationally well-recognized expert in the field of climate extremes. Dr. Sillmann is co-leading activities for the World Climate Research Program (WCRP) Grand Challenges on Weather and Climate Extremes, she is a member of the Scientific Steering Committee of the Integrated Research on Disaster Risk (IRDR) program and is a Lead author of Chapter 12 (Climate change information for regional impact and for risk assessment) in the 6th Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC AR6 WGI). She is further co-chairing the Development Team for the Knowledge Action Network on Emergent Risks and Extreme Events (Risk-KAN). Sebastian Sippel Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, �s, NorwayETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. Dr Sebastian Sippel is a climate-ecosystem researcher at the Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research and ETH Zurich. His main research interests include the detection and attribution of climate change, and understanding extreme events and variability in the water and carbon cycle using statistical and machine learning techniques. In 2017, Sebastian successfully defended his PhD thesis entitled "Climate extremes and their impact on ecosystem-atmosphere interactions�, carried out jointly at the Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry in Jena and ETH Zurich. The thesis systematically explores the link between climate extremes and ecosystem impacts from both statistical-empirical and process-oriented modeling perspectives and was awarded with the Bernd Rendel Prize in Geoscience by the German Research Foundation. Simone Russo Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), Rome, Italy. Simone Russo has been a researcher for more than 15 years in the field of applied physics and statistic of extremes. He has a Ph.D in Applied Physics from Galileo Galilei school of the Pisa University (Italy). He has worked as research climatologist at the Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI, De Bilt, Netherlands), at the Laboratoire de Physique des Oc�ans (University of Brest, France) and at the Joint Research Centre (European Commission, Italy) focusing on modeling climate extremes and relative impacts. Today he is contracted as researcher at the Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (Ispra, Rome, Italy).
