This interdisciplinary reference work presents a linked consideration, to the reader, of physical-cultural (physicocultural) representations of headstones located in urban churchyards in England and Scotland. The geomorphology of landscapes relevant to these locations is explained with the help of detailed case studies from Oxford and Edinburgh.
The integrated physicocultural approach addresses the conservation of the archaeological record and presents a cross-temporal perspective of landscape change – of the headstones as landforms in their landscape (as part of deathscapes). The physical record (of headstones) is examined in the context of both cultural representation and change. In this way, an integrated approach is employed that connects the physical (natural) and cultural (social) records kept by historians and archeologists over the years.
Changing Landscapes in Urban British Churchyards is of interest to geomorphologists, historians and scholars interested in understanding landscaping studies and cultural nuance of specific historical urban sites in England and Scotland.
Table of Contents
Chapter 1 Introduction
- Scope
- Research Questions
- Aims
- Objectives
- Social, Economic, and Cultural Factors
- Religiosity
- Spatiality
- Conclusion
- Consent for Publication
- Acknowledgements
Chapter 2 Study Area
- England
- Oxford
- York
- St. Deny
- Holy Trinity
- St. Olave
- Scarborough
- St. Mary’S
- Scotland
- Inverness
- Old High
- Dunbar
- Dunbar Parish
- Edinburgh
- Canongate
- Greyfriars
- St. Cuthbert
- Conclusion
- Consent for Publication
- Acknowledgements
Chapter 3 Research Methods
- Site Methods
- Site Sampling
- Incorporating Other Influences
- City and Town Sampling
- Field Methods
- Photographic Analysis
- Data Analysis
- Statistical Methods
- Other Approaches
- An Online Database
- Conclusion
- Consent for Publication
- Acknowledgements
Chapter 4 Geometric Properties: Shape
- Introduction
- Results
- Discussion
- Conclusion
- Consent for Publication
- Acknowledgements
Chapter 5 Geometric Properties: Dimensions and Social Status
- Introduction
- Results
- Discussion
- Headstone Size Variability
- Standardisation of Headstone Size
- The Northerly and Temporal Increase in Headstone Size
- Decreasing Headstone Size with Age at Death
- Conclusion
- Consent for Publication
- Acknowledgements
Chapter 6 Mortality, Salvation, and Remembrance Motifs
- Introduction
- Results
- Discussion
- Locality and Temporal Factors
- Popular Motifs
- Introduction of New Motifs
- Motifed Versus Unmotifed Headstones
- Motif Seriation
- Conclusion
- Consent for Publication
- Acknowledgements
Chapter 7 Inscriptions: Introductions
- Introduction
- Results
- Discussion
- Spatial Distribution and Variation of Headstone Introductions
- Conclusion
- Consent for Publication
- Acknowledgements
Chapter 8 Inscriptions and Fonts
- Introduction
- Inscriptions
- Results
- Discussion
- Location and Font Variation
- Socioeconomic Influences on Font Use
- Conclusion
- Consent for Publication
- Acknowledgements
Chapter 9 Influences on Epitaphs
- Introduction
- Results
- Discussion
- Epitaph Length Over Time
- Economic Influences
- Religious Influences
- Social Influences
- Epitaph Length and Headstone Size
- Mortality, Salvation, and Remembrance Influences on Epitaphs
- The Motif-To-Epitaph Progression
- Conclusion
- Consent for Publication
- Acknowledgements
Chapter 10 Conclusion
- Summary
- Limitations
- Site Maps
- Church Records
- Photographs
- A Gap in the Record
- Weathering Issues
- Sample Size
- Research Resources
- Future Studies
- Conclusion
- Consent for Publication
- Acknowledgements
- References
- Appendix A: Headstone Details for England, UK
- Appendix B: Headstone Details for Scotland, UK
Samples
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Author
- Mary J. Thornbush
- Sylvia E. Thornbus
