Covering the entire spectrum of this fast-changing field, Diagnostic Imaging: Spine, fourth edition, is an invaluable resource for general radiologists, neuroradiologists, and trainees-anyone who requires an easily accessible, highly visual reference on today's spinal imaging. Drs. Jeffrey Ross, Kevin Moore, and their team of highly regarded experts provide updated information on disease identification and imaging techniques to help you make informed decisions at the point of care. The text is lavishly illustrated, delineated, and referenced, making it a useful learning tool as well as a handy reference for daily practice.
- Serves as a one-stop resource for key concepts and information on radiologic imaging and interpretation of spine, spinal cord, and bony vertebral conditions
- Features more than 2,600 full-color illustrations, including radiologic, pathologic, and clinical images
- Contains new chapters on recent surgery protocols such as spine instability neoplastic scoring (SINS) and epidural spinal cord compression scale (ESSC)
- Features updates from cover to cover including revisions in accordance with new information on inflammatory and autoimmune disorders and systemic manifestations of diseases
- Provides expanded imaging details for metastatic diseases to accommodate recent significant changes, including new categories of oncologic surgery driven by the use of proton beam radiotherapy, PET MR as a diagnostic modality, and new FDA-approved hardware
- Includes new information on areas of demyelinating diseases related to better understanding of MS, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder, and anti-MOG disorders; a variety of spinal CSF leak pathologies that cause intracranial hypotension; genetic and disease information on schwannomatosis; and much more
- Uses bulleted, succinct text and highly templated chapters for quick comprehension of essential information at the point of care
- Enhanced eBook version included with purchase. Your enhanced eBook allows you to access all of the text, figures, and references from the book on a variety of devices
Table of Contents
Congenital and Genetic Disorders�����Congenital����
1�Normal Anatomical Variations����
2�Normal Anatomy����
3�Measurement Techniques����
4�MR Artifacts����
5�Normal Variant����
6�Craniovertebral Junction Variants����
7�Ponticulus Posticus����
8�Ossiculum Terminale����
9�Conjoined Nerve Roots����
10�Limbus Vertebra����
11�Filum Terminale Fibrolipoma����
12�Bone Island����
13�Ventriculus Terminalis����
�Chiari Disorders����
14�Chiari 0����
15�Chiari 1����
16�Complex Chiari����
17�Chiari 2����
18�Chiari 3����
�Abnormalities of Neurulation����
19�Approach to Spine and Spinal Cord Development����
20�Myelomeningocele����
21�Lipomyelomeningocele����
22�Lipoma����
23�Dorsal Dermal Sinus����
24�Simple Coccygeal Dimple����
25�Dermoid Cysts����
26�Epidermoid Cysts����
�Anomalies of the Caudal Cell Mess����
27�Tethered Spinal Cord����
28�Segmental Spinal Dysgenesis����
29�Caudal Regression Syndrome����
30�Terminal Myelocystocele����
31�Anterior Sacral Meningocele����
32�Sacral Extradural Arachnoid Cyst ����
33�Sacrococcygeal Teratoma����
�Anomalies of Notochord and Vertebral Formation����
34�Craniovertebral Junction Embryology����
35�Paracondylar Process����
36�Split Atlas����
37�Klippel-Feil Spectrum����
38�Failure of Vertebral Formation����
39�Vertebral Segmentation Failure����
40�Split Cord Malformation (formerly diastematomyelia)����
41�Partial Vertebral Duplication����
42�Incomplete Fusion, Posterior Element����
43�Neurenteric Cyst����
�Developmental Abnormalities����
44�Os Odontoideum����
45�Lateral Meningocele ����
46�Dorsal Spinal Meningocele����
47�Dural Dysplasia����
48�Genetic Disorders����
49�Neurofibromatosis Type 1����
50�Neurofibromatosis Type 2����
51�Schwannomatosis����
52�Achondroplasia����
53�Mucopolysaccharidoses����
54�Sickle Cell Disease����
55�Osteogenesis Imperfecta����
56�Tuberous Sclerosis����
57�Osteopetrosis����
58�Gaucher Disease����
59�Ochronosis����
60�Connective Tissue Disorders����
61�Spondyloepiphyseal Dysplasia����
DEL�Thanatophoric Dwarfism����
�Scoliosis and Kyphosis����
62�Introduction to Scoliosis����
63�Scoliosis����
64�Kyphosis����
65�Degenerative Scoliosis����
66�Flat Back Syndrome����
67�Scoliosis Instrumentation����
�Trauma����
68�Vertebral Column, Discs, and Paraspinal Muscle����
69�Fracture Classification����
70�Atlantooccipital Dislocation����
71�Ligamentous Injury����
72�Occipital Condyle Fracture����
73�Jefferson C1 Fracture����
74�Atlantoaxial Rotatory Fixation����
75�Odontoid C2 Fracture����
76�Burst C2 Fracture����
77�Hangman's C2 Fracture����
78�Apophyseal Ring Fracture����
79�Cervical Hyperflexion Injury����
80�Cervical Hyperextension Injury����
81�Cervical Hyperextension-Rotation Injury����
82�Cervical Burst Fracture ����
83�Cervical Hyperflexion-Rotation Injury����
84�Cervical Lateral Flexion Injury����
85�Cervical Posterior Column Injury����
86�Traumatic Disc Herniation����
87�Thoracic and Lumbar Burst Fracture����
88�Facet-Lamina Thoracolumbar Fracture����
89�Fracture Dislocation����
90�Chance Fracture����
91�Thoracic and Lumbar Hyperextension Injury����
92�Anterior Compression Fracture ����
93�Lateral Compression Fracture����
94�Lumbar Facet-Posterior Fracture����
95�Sacral Traumatic Fracture����
96�Pedicle Stress Fracture����
97�Sacral Insufficiency Fracture����
�Cord, Dura, and Vessels����
98�SCIWORA����
99�Post-Traumatic Syrinx����
100�Presyrinx Edema����
101�Spinal Cord Contusion-Hematoma����
102�Idiopathic Spinal Cord Herniation����
103�Central Spinal Cord Syndrome����
104�Traumatic Dural Tear����
105�Traumatic Epidural Hematoma����
106�Traumatic Subdural Hematoma����
107�Vascular Injury, Cervical����
108�Traumatic Arteriovenous Fistula����
109�Wallerian Degeneration����
�Degenerative Diseases and Arthritides����
�Degenerative Diseases����
110�Nomenclature of Degenerative Disc Disease����
111�Degenerative Disc Disease����
112�Degenerative Endplate Changes����
113�Degenerative Arthritis of the CVJ����
114�Disc Bulge����
115�Anular Fissure, Intervertebral Disc����
116�Cervical Intervertebral Disc Herniation ����
117�Thoracic Intervertebral Disc Herniation����
118�Lumbar Intervertebral Disc Herniation����
119�Intervertebral Disc Extrusion, Foraminal����
120�Cervical Facet Arthropathy����
121�Lumbar Facet Arthropathy����
122�Facet Joint Synovial Cyst����
123�Baastrup Disease����
124�Bertolotti Syndrome����
125�Schmorl Node����
126�Scheuermann Disease����
127�Acquired Lumbar Central Stenosis ����
128�Congenital Spinal Stenosis ����
129�Cervical Spondylosis����
130�DISH����
131�OPLL����
132�Ossification Ligamentum Flavum����
133�Periodontoid Pseudotumor����
�Spondylolisthesis and Spondylolysis����
134�Spondylolisthesis����
135�Spondylolysis����
136�Instability����
�Inflammatory, Crystalline, and Miscellaneous Arthritides����
137�Adult Rheumatoid Arthritis����
138�Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis����
139�Spondyloarthropathy����
140�Neurogenic (Charcot) Arthropathy����
141�Hemodialysis Spondyloarthropathy����
142�Ankylosing Spondylitis����
143�CPPD����
144�Gout����
145�Longus Colli Calcific Tendinitis����
�Infection and Inflammatory Disorders����
�Infections����
146�Pathways of Spread����
147�Spinal Meningitis����
148�Pyogenic Osteomyelitis����
149�Tuberculous Osteomyelitis����
150�Fungal and Miscellaneous Osteomyelitis����
151�Osteomyelitis, C1-C2����
152�Brucellar Spondylitis����
153�Septic Facet Joint Arthritis����
154�Paraspinal Abscess����
155�Epidural Abscess����
156�Subdural Abscess����
157�Abscess, Spinal Cord����
158�Viral Myelitis����
159�HIV Myelitis����
160�Syphilitic Myelitis����
161�Opportunistic Infections����
162�Echinococcosis����
163�Schistosomiasis����
164�Cysticercosis����
�Inflammatory and Autoimmune Disorders� ����
165�Acute Transverse Myelopathy����
166�Idiopathic Acute Transverse Myelitis����
167�Multiple Sclerosis����
168�Neuromyelitis Optica SPECTRUM DISORDER����
169�ADEM����
170�Guillain-Barr� Syndrome����
171�CIDP����
172�Chronic Recurrent Multifocal Osteomyelitis����
173�Grisel Syndrome����
174�Paraneoplastic Myelopathy����
175�IgG4-Related Disease/Hypertrophic Pachymeningitis����
�Neoplasms, Cysts, and Other Masses����
�Neoplasms����
176�Introduction and Overview� ����
177�Spread of Neoplasms����
178�SINS, NOMS and ESCC����
�Extradural����
179�Imaging of metastatic disease prose intro����
180�Blastic Osseous Metastases����
181�Lytic Osseous Metastases����
182�Hemangioma����
183�Osteoid Osteoma����
184�Osteoblastoma����
185�Aneurysmal Bone Cyst����
186�Giant Cell Tumor����
187�Osteochondroma����
188�Chondrosarcoma����
189�Osteosarcoma����
190�Chordoma����
191�Ewing Sarcoma����
192�Lymphoma����
193�Leukemia����
194�Plasmacytoma����
195�Multiple Myeloma����
196�Neuroblastic Tumor����
197�Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis����
198�Angiolipoma����
�Intradural Extramedullary����
199�Schwannoma����
200�Melanotic Schwannoma����
201�Meningioma����
202�Solitary Fibrous Tumor/Hemangiopericytoma����
203�Neurofibroma����
204�Malignant Nerve Sheath Tumors����
205�Metastases, CSF Disseminated����
206�Paraganglioma����
207�Intramedullary����
208�Astrocytoma����
209�Cellular Ependymoma����
210�Myxopapillary Ependymoma����
211�Hemangioblastoma����
212�Spinal Cord Metastases����
213�Primary Melanocytic Neoplasms/Melanocytoma����
214�Ganglioglioma����
�Nonneoplastic Cysts, Tumor Mimics and CSF Disorders� ����
�Cysts����
215�CSF Flow Artifact����
216�Meningeal Cyst����
217�Perineural Root Sleeve Cyst����
218�Syringomyelia����
�Nonneoplastic Masses and Tumor Mimics����
219�Epidural Lipomatosis����
220�Normal Fatty Marrow Variants����
221�Fibrous Dysplasia����
222�CAPNON����
223�K�mmell Disease����
224�Hirayama Disease����
225�CSF leak disorders����
226�SIH����
227�Ventral defects / fast leak����
228�Root sleeve leaks����
229�CSF venous fistula����
�Vascular� ����
�Vascular Anatomy and Congenital Lesions����
230�Vascular Anatomy����
231�Persistent First Intersegmental Artery����
232�Persistent Hypoglossal Artery����
234�Persistent Proatlantal Artery����
�Vascular Malformations����
235�Type 1 Vascular Malformation (dAVF)����
236�Type 2 Arteriovenous Malformation (AVM)����
237�Type 3 Arteriovenous Malformation (AVM)����
238�Type 4 Vascular Malformation (AVF)����
239�Conus Arteriovenous Malformation����
240�Posterior Fossa Dural Fistula With Intraspinal Drainage����
241�Epidural fistula����
242�Cavernous Malformation����
�Vascular Misc����
243�Spinal Artery Aneurysm����
244�Spinal Cord Infarction����
245�Subarachnoid Hemorrhage����
246�Spontaneous Epidural Hematoma ����
247�Subdural Hematoma����
248�Superficial Siderosis����
249�Hematomyelia/Nontraumatic Cord Hemorrhage����
250�Bow Hunter Syndrome����
251�Vertebral Artery Dissection����
�Systemic Disorders����
252�Spinal Manifestations of Systemic Diseases����
253�Osteoporosis����
254�Paget Disease����
255�Hyperparathyroidism����
256�Renal Osteodystrophy����
257�Hyperplastic Vertebral Marrow����
258�Myelofibrosis����
259�Bone Infarction����
260�Extramedullary Hematopoiesis����
261�Tumoral Calcinosis����
262�Sarcoidosis����
263�Subacute Combined Degeneration ����
�Peripheral Nerve and Plexus����
�Plexus and Peripheral Nerve Lesions����
264�Normal Plexus and Nerve Anatomy����
265�Superior Sulcus Tumor����
266�Thoracic Outlet Syndrome����
267�Muscle Denervation����
268�Brachial Plexus Traction Injury����
269�Idiopathic Brachial Plexus Neuritis����
270�Traumatic Neuroma����
271�Radiation Plexopathy����
272�Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor����
273�Peripheral Neurolymphomatosis����
274�Hypertrophic Neuropathy����
275�Femoral Neuropathy����
276�Ulnar Neuropathy����
277�Suprascapular Neuropathy����
278�Median Neuropathy����
279�Common Peroneal Neuropathy����
280�Tibial Neuropathy����
�Spine Postprocedural Imaging� ����
281�Postoperative Imaging and Complications����
282�Surgical Approaches����
283�Normal Postoperative Change����
284�Postoperative Spinal Complications����
285�Myelography Complications����
286�Vertebroplasty Complications����
287�Failed Back Surgery Syndrome����
288�Recurrent Disc Herniation����
289�Peridural Fibrosis����
290�Arachnoiditis/Adhesions����
291�Arachnoiditis Ossificans����
292�Accelerated Degeneration����
293�Postoperative Infection����
294�Pseudomeningocele����
295�CSF Leakage Syndrome����
296�Postsurgical Deformity����
�Hardware����
297�Metal Artifact����
298�Occipitocervical Fixation����
299�Plates and Screws����
300�Cages����
301�Interbody Fusion Devices����
302�Interspinous Spacing Devices����
303�Cervical Artificial Disc����
304�Lumbar Artificial Disc����
305�Hardware Failure����
306�Bone Graft Complications����
307�rhBMP-2 Complications����
308�Heterotopic Bone Formation����
�Post Radiation and Chemotherapy Complications����
309�Radiation Myelopathy����
310�Post-Irradiation Vertebral Marrow����
311�Anterior Lumbar Radiculopathy