This enzymology reference is a thorough compendium about reaction mechanisms occurring between the major enzymes related to the biosynthetic pathways of 3 important types of biological compounds – 6-carbon carbohydrates, fatty acids and amino acids – and their substrates, cofactors and residues. Readers will gain an understanding of the interaction between substrates or ligands with specific amino acid residues in biosynthetic enzymes. This understanding builds a foundation for learning about the biochemistry of different inhibitors used in the treatment of several diseases such as cancer, infectious diseases, and metabolic syndrome alterations such as diabetes and obesity.
Enzymes covered in the book include aldolases, isomerases, kinases, mutases, synthases, dehydrogenases, reductases, transferases, hydrolases, lyases among others, all of which are wide spread in biochemical transformations.
This reference, with its insights on common biochemical enzymes serves as a handy guide for students, researchers and professionals involved academia or industry related to pharmaceutical development, healthcare, food chemistry and other disciplines.
Table of Contents
Chapter 1 Glycolysis
1. Enzymes and Their Inhibitors Involved in the Glycolysis Pathway
1.1. Hexokinase (Hk)
1.2. Hexokinase Inhibitors
1.3. Phosphoglucose Isomerase (Pgi)
1.4. Phosphoglucose Isomerase Inhibitors
1.5. Phosphofructokinase (Pfk)
1.6. Phosphofructokinase (Pfk) Inhibitors
1.7. Fructose Biphosphate Aldolase (Fbp Aldolase)
1.8. Fructose Biphosphate Aldolase Inhibitors
1.9. Triosephosphate Isomerase (Tim)
1.10. Triosephosphate Isomerase (Tpi) Inhibitors
1.11. Glyceraldehyde Phosphate Dehydrogenase (Gapdh)
1.12. Glyceraldehyde Phosphate Dehydrogenase (Gapdh) Inhibitors
1.13. Phosphoglycerate Kinase (Pgk)
1.14. Phosphoglycerate Kinase Inhibitors
1.15. Bisphosphoglycerate Mutase (Bpgm)
1.16. Phosphoglycerate Mutase (Pgm)
1.17. Phosphoglycerate Mutase Inhibitors
1.18. Enolase (Eno)
1.19. Enolase Inhibitors
1.20. Pyruvate Kinase (Pk)
1.21. Piruvate Kinase Inhibitors
Chapter 2 Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs)
1. Enzymes Involved in the Citric Acid Cycle
1.1. Citrate Synthase (Cs)
1.2. Citrate Synthase Inhibitors
1.3. Aconitase (Citrate-Isocitrate Hydroxylase)
1.4. Aconitase Inhibitors
1.5. Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (Idh)
1.6. Isocitrate Dehydrogenase Inhibitors
1.7. Α-Keto Glutarate Dehydrogenase (Kgd)
1.8. Α-Keto Glutarate Dehydrogenase Inhibition
1.9. Succinyl-Coa Synthetase Or Succinyl-Coa Ligase
1.10. Succinyl-Coa Synthetase Inhibitors
1.11. Succinate Dehydrogenase (Sdh) Or Succinate-Coenzyme Q Reductase (Sqr)
1.12. Succinate Dehydrogenase Inhibitors
1.13. Fumarate Hydratase Or Fumarase
1.14. Fumarate Hydratase Inhibitors
1.15. Malate Dehydrogenase (Mdh)
1.16. Malate Dehydrogenase Inhibitors
Chapter 3 Fatty Acid Biosynthesis
1. Enzymes Involved in the Lipogenesis
1.1. Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex (Pdc)
1.2. Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Inhibitors
1.3. Citrate Synthase (Cs)
1.4. Citrate Synthase Inhibitors
1.5. Atp-Citrate Lyase (Acly)
1.6. Atp-Citrate Lyase Inhibitors
1.7. Ketoacyl Synthase (Kas)
1.8. Ketoacyl Synthase Inhibitors
1.9. Stearoyl-Coa Desaturase (Scd)
1.10. Stearoyl-Coa Desaturase (Scd) Inhibitors
2. Systhesis of Triacylglycerol (Triglycerides)
2.1. Glycerol Kinase (Glpk)
2.2. Glycerol Kinase Inhibitors
2.3. Glycerol-3-Phosphate Acyltransferase (Gpat)
2.4. Glycerol-3-Phosphate Acyltransferase (Gpat) Inhibitors
2.5. Acylglycerophosphate Acyltransferase (Agpat Or Lpaat)
2.6. Acylglycerophosphate Acyltransferase Inhibitors
2.7. Phosphatidic Acid Phosphohydrolase (Pap)
2.8. Phosphatidic Acid Phosphohydrolase Inhibitors
2.9. Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase (Dgat)
2.9. Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase Inhibitors
2.10. the Kennedy Pathway
Chapter 4 Aminoacid Biosynthesis
1. Glycine Biosynthesis
1.1. Serine Hydroxyl Methyl Transferase (Shmt)
1.2. Serine Hydroxymethyl Transferase Inhibitors
2. Alanine Biosynthesis
2.1. Pyridoxamine-Pyruvate Aminotransferase (Ppat)
2.2. Pyridoxamine-Pyruvate Aminotransferase Inhibitors
3. Valine Biosynthesis
3.1. Acetohydroxyacid Synthase (Ahas)
3.2. Acetohydroxyacid Synthase Inhibitors
3.3. Ketol-Acid Reductoisomerase (Kari)
3.4 Ketol-Acid Reductoisomerase Inhibitors
3.5 Dihydroxy Acid Dehydratase (Dad)
3.6. Dihydroxy Acid Dehydratase Inhibitors
3.7. Branched Chain Amino Acid Aminotransferase (Bcat)
3.8. Branched Chain Amino Acid Aminotransferase Inhibitors
4. Leucine Biosynthesis
4.1. Α-Isopropylmalate Synthase (Ipms)
4.2. Α-Isopropylmalate Synthase Inhibition
4.3. Α-Isopropylmalate Isomerase (Ipmi)
4.4. Α-Isopropylmalate Isomerase Inhibitors
4.5. Α-Isopropylmalate Dehydrogenase (Ipmd)
4.6. Α-Isopropylmalate Dehydrogenase Inhibition
5. Isoleucine Biosynthesis
6. Phenylalanine Biosynthesis
6.1. 3-Deoxy-D-Arabinoheptulosonate 7-Phosphate Synthase (Dahps)
6.2. Dehydroquinate Synthase (Dhqs)
6.3. Dehydroquinate Synthase Inhibitors
6.4. Dehydroquinate Dehydratase (Dhqd)
6.5. Dehydroquinate Dehydratase Inhibitors
6.6. Shikimate Dehydrogenase (Sd)
6.7. Shikimate Dehydrogenase Inhibitors
6.8. Shikimate Kinase (Sk)
6.9. Shikimate Kinase Inhibitors
6.10. Enolpyruvisylshikimate Phosphate Synthase (Epsp)
6.11. Enolpyruvisylshikimate Phosphate Synthase Inhibitors
6.12. Chorismate Synthase (Cs)
6.13. Chorismate Synthase Inhibitors
6.14. Chorismate Mutase (Cm)
6.15. Chorismate Mutase Inhibitors
6.16. Prephenate Aminotransferase (Pat)
6.17. Prephenate Aminotransferase Inhibitors
6.18. Arogenate Dehydratase (Adt)
7. Tyrosine Biosynthesis
7.1. Arogenate Dehydrogenase (Adh)
8. Serine Biosynthesis
8.1. Phosphoglycerate Dehydrogenase (Pgdh)
8.2. Phosphoglycerate Dehydrogenase Inhibitors
8.3. Phosphoserine Aminotransferase (Psat)
8.4. Phosphoserine Aminotransferase Inhibitors
8.5. Phosphoserine Phosphatase (Psp)
8.6. Phosphoserine Phosphatase Inhibitors
9. Threonine Biosynthesis
9.1. Aspartate Kinase (Ak)
9.1.1. Catalytic Domain Regulatory Domain
9.2. Aspartate Kinase Inhibitors
9.3. Aspartate-Β-Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase (Asd)
9.4. Aspartate-Β-Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase Inhibitors
9.5. Homoserine Dehydrogenase (Hsd)
9.6. Homoserine Dehydrogenase Inhibitors
9.7. Homoserine Kinase (Hsk)
9.8. Homoserine Kinase Inhibitors
9.9. Threonine Synthase (Ts)
9.10. Threonine Synthase Inhibitors
10. Cysteine Biosynthesis
10.1. Serine Acetyltransferase (Sat)
10.2. Serine Acetyltransferase Inhibitors
10.3. O-Acetylserine Sulfhydrylase (Oass)
10.4. O-Acetylserine Sulfhydrylase Inhibitors
10.5. Methionine Adenosy Transferase (Mat)
10.6. Methionine Adenosy Transferase Inhibitors
10.7. S-Adenosyl Homocysteine Hydrolase (Sah)
10.8. S-Adenosyl Homocysteine Hydrolase Inhibitors
10.9. Cystathionine-Β-Synthase (Cbs)
10.10. Cystathionine-Β-Synthase Inhibitors
10.11. Cystathionine Gamma-Lyase (Cgl)
10.12. Cystathionine Gamma-Lyase Inhibitors
10.13. Cysteine Deoxygenase (Cdo)
10.14. Cysteine Sulfinic Acid Decarboxylase (Csad)
10.15. Cysteine Sulfinic Acid Decarboxylase Inhibitors
11. Tryptophan Biosynthesis
11.1. Anthranilate Synthase (As)
11.2. Anthranilate Synthase Inhibitors
11.3. Anthranilate Phosphoribosyl Transferase (Anprt)
11.4. Anthranilate Phosphoribosyl Transferase Inhibitors
11.5. Phosphoribosyl Antranilate Isomerase (Prai)
11.6. Phosphoribosyl Anthranilate Isomerase Inhibitors
11.7. Indole Glycerol Phosphate Synthase (Igps)
11.8. Indole Glycerol Phosphate Synthase Inhibitors
11.9. Tryptophan Synthase (Ts)
11.10. Tryptophan Synthase Inhibitors
12. Histidine Biosynthesis
12.1. Atp Phosphoribosyl Transferase (Hisg)
12.2. Atp Phosphoribosyl Transferase Inhibitors
12.3. Phosphoribosyl-Atp Pyrophosphohydrolase (Hise)
12.4. Phosphoribosyl-Atp Pyrophosphohydrolase Inhibitors
12.5. Phosphoribosyl-Amp Cyclohydrolase (Hisi)
12.6. Phosphoribosyl-Amp Cyclohydrolase Inhibitors
12.7. 5’Profar Isomerase (Hisa)
12.8. Imidazole Glycerol Phosphate Synthase (Hisf/Hish)
12.9. Imidazole Glycerol Phosphate Synthase Inhibitors
12.10. Imidazole Glycerol Phosphate Dehydratase (Hisb)
12.11. Imidazole Glycerol Phosphate Dehydratase Inhibitors
12.12. Histidinol Phosphate Aminotransferase (Hisc)
12.13. Histidinol Phosphate Aminotransferase Inhibitors
12.14. Histidinol Phosphate Phosphatase (Hpp)
12.15. Histidinol Phosphate Phosphatase Inhibitors
12.16. Histidinol Dehydrogenase (Hisd)
12.17. Histidinol Dehydrogenase Inhibitors
13. Proline Biosynthesis
13.1. Glutamate 5-Kinase (G5K)
13.2. Glutamate 5-Kinase Inhibitors
13.3. Γ-Glutamyl Phosphate Reductase (Gpr)
13.4. Γ-Pyrroline-5-Carboxylate Reductase (P5Cr)
14. Arginine Biosynthesis
14.1. Argininosuccinate Synthase (Ass1)
14.2. Argininosuccinate Synthase Inhibitors
14.3. Argininosuccinate Lyase (Asl)
14.4. Argininosuccinate Lyase Inhibitors
15. Lysine Biosynthesis
15.1. Dihydrodipicolinate Synthase (Dhdps)
15.2. Dihydrodipicolinate Synthase Inhibitors
15.3. Dihydrodipicolinate Reductase (Dhdpr)
15.4. Dihydrodipicolinate Reductase Inhibitors
15.5. Tetrahydrodipicolinate N-Succinyltranferase (Thdp)
15.6. Tetrahydrodipicolinate N-Succinyltranferase Inhibitors
15.7. Succinyl-Α-Amino-Ε-Ketopimelate-Glutamate Aminotransferase (Dap-At).
15.8. Succinyl-Α-Amino-Ε-Ketopimelate-Glutamate Aminotransferase Inhibitors
15.9. N-Acyldiaminopimelate Deacylase (N-Acyldap)
15.10. N-Acyldiaminopimelate Deacylase Inhibitors
15.11. Diaminopimelate Epimerase (Dape)
15.12. Diaminopimelate Epimerase Inhibitors
15.13. Diaminopimelate Decarboxylase (Dapdc)
15.14. Diaminopimelate Decarboxylase Inhibitors
15.15. Lysine Biosynthesis from Α-Aminoadipate.
16. Aspartate, Asparagine and Glutamate Biosynthesis
16.1. Aspartate Aminotransferase (At)
16.2. Aspartate Aminotransferase Inhibitors
16.3. Asparagine Synthetase (As)
16.4. Asparagine Synthetase Inhibitors
17. Glutamine and Glutathione Biosynthesis
17.1. Glutamate Cysteine Ligase (Gcl)
17.2. Glutamate Cysteine Ligase Inhibitors
17.3. Glutathione Synthetase (Gs)
17.4. Glutathione Disulphide Reductase (Gdr)
17.5. Glutathione Reductase Inhibitors
References
Subject Index
Author
- Marco Brito-Arias
