Stroke. Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management. Edition No. 7

Table of Contents

Section 1 Pathophysiology

Introduction

1. Cerebral Vascular Biology in Health and Disease

2. Mechanisms of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis

3. Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism: Regulation and Pathophysiology in Cerebrovascular Disease

4. Histopathology of Brain Tissue Response to Stroke and Injury

5. Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Ischemia-Induced Neuronal Death

6. Intracellular Signaling: Mediators and Protective Responses

7. The Neurovascular Unit and Responses to Ischemia

8. Mechanisms of Damage After Cerebral Hemorrhage

9. White Matter Pathophysiology

10. Cerebral Ischemia and Inflammation

11. Mechanisms of Plasticity, Remodeling and Recovery

12. Genetics and Vascular Biology of Brain Vascular Malformations

13. Gliovascular Mechanisms and White Matter Injury in Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Dementia

Section 2 Epidemiology and Risk Factors

Introduction

14. Global Burden of Stroke

15. Stroke Disparities

16. Risk Factors and Prevention

17. Prognosis after Stroke

18. Vascular Dementia and Cognitive Impairment

19. Genetic Basis of Stroke Occurrence, Prevention and Outcome

Section 3 Clinical Manifestations

Introduction

20. Classification of Ischemic Stroke

21. Clinical Scales to Assess Patients with Stroke

22. Carotid Artery Disease

23. Anterior Cerebral Artery Disease

24. Middle Cerebral Artery Disease

25. Posterior Cerebral Artery Disease

26. Vertebrobasilar Disease

27. Lacunar Syndromes, Lacunar Infarcts, and Cerebral Small-Vessel Disease

28. Intracerebral Hemorrhage

29. Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

30. Arteriovenous Malformations and Other Vascular Anomalies

31. Stroke and Other Vascular Syndromes of the Spinal Cord

Section 4 Specific Conditions and Stroke

Introduction

32. Cardiac Diseases

33. Atherosclerotic Disease of the Proximal Aorta

34. Stroke Related to Surgery and Other Procedures

35. Arterial Dissection, Fibromuscular Dysplasia, and Carotid Web

36. Inflammatory and Infectious Vasculopathies

37. Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndromes

38. Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome

39. Stroke and Substance Abuse

40. Moyamoya Disease

41. Cerebral Autosomal Dominant Arteriopathy with Subcortical Infarcts and Leukoencephalopathy

42. Hematologic Disorders and Stroke

43. Migraine and Stroke

44. Cryptogenic Stroke

45. Cerebral Venous Thrombosis

Section 5 Diagnostic Studies

Introduction

46. Ultrasonography

47. Computed Tomography-Based Evaluation of Cerebrovascular Disease

48. Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Cerebrovascular Diseases

49. Cerebral Angiography

50. OMICs in Stroke: Insight into stroke through epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, lipidomics, and metabolomics

Section 6 Therapy

Part A: Medical Therapy

Introduction

51. Stroke Systems of Care and Impact on Acute Stroke Treatment

52. Prehospital and Emergency Department Care of the Patient with Acute Stroke

53. Intravenous Thrombolysis

54. Antithrombotic Therapy for Treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke

55. General Stroke Management and Stroke Units

56. Critical Care of the Patient with Acute Stroke,

57. Pharmacologic Modification of Acute Cerebral Ischemia

58. Treatment of "Other" Stroke Etiologies

59. Medical Therapy of Intracerebral and Intraventricular Hemorrhage

60. Rehabilitation and Recovery of the Patient with Stroke

61. Interventions to Improve Recovery after Stroke

62. Enhancing Stroke Recovery with Cellular Therapies

63. Antiplatelet Therapy for Secondary Prevention of Stroke

64. Secondary Prevention of Cardioembolic Stroke

65. Design of Stroke-Related Clinical Trials

Part B: Interventional Therapy

Introduction

66. Endovascular Therapy of Extracranial and Intracranial Occlusive Disease

67. Endovascular Treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke

68. Endovascular Treatment of Intracranial Aneurysms

69. Interventional Therapy of Brain and Spinal Arteriovenous Malformations

70. Dural Arteriovenous Malformations

Part C: Surgical Therapy

Introduction

71. Surgery of Anterior and Posterior Aneurysms

72. Surgery for Intracerebral Hemorrhage

73. Management of Intraventricular Hemorrhage

74. Surgical Management of Cranial and Spinal Arteriovenous Malformations

75. Surgical Management of Cavernous Malformations and Venous Anomalies

76. Indications for Carotid Endarterectomy in Patients with Asymptomatic and Symptomatic Carotid Stenosis

77. Extracranial to Intracranial Bypass for Cerebral Ischemia

78. Decompressive Craniectomy for Infarction and Hemorrhage

Authors

James C. Grotta Director, Stroke Program, Memorial Hermann - Texas Medical Center; Professor of Neurology; Chairman, Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.. Professor of Neurology, Chairman, Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical School at Houston; Director, Stroke Program, Memorial Hermann - Texas Medical Center, Houston, TX Gregory W Albers Director, Stanford Stroke Center; Coyote Foundation Professor of Neurology and Neurological Sciences. Joseph P Broderick Director of the Greater Cincinnati-Northern Kentucky Stroke Team; Professor and Chairman, University of Cincinnati, Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, Cincinnati, OH. Scott E Kasner Professor of Neurology at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA. Eng H. Lo Professor of Neurology and Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Research Staff, Mass General Hospital, Massachusetts General Hospital, Neuroprotection Research Lab, Charlestown, MA, USA. Eng H. Lo is a basic neurovascular scientist. He helped develop the neurovascular unit concept (Lo, Nat Rev Neurosci 2003; Tiedt et al, Nat Rev Neurol 2022). Ralph L Sacco Olemberg Chair of Neurology and Professor of Neurology, Epidemiology and Public Health, Human Genetics, and Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL. Lawrence KS Wong Mok Hing Yiu Professor of Medicine, Chief of Neurology, Departments of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, PR China. Arthur L. Day