This volume of Frontiers in Anti-Infective Agents provides updates on the most recent studies about anti-infective agents, their mechanism of action, the relevant molecular targets and their implication in the development of novel antibiotics that have properties similar to their corresponding compounds of natural origin. The initial chapter covers the mode of action of natural antimycobacterial compounds such as nordihydroguaiaretic acid, α-mangostin and allicin, as well as antimicrobial peptides and their role in the innate and adaptive immune response leading to the decrease of microbial resistance. This is followed by updates on tuberculosis treatment concerning the immunological role of cells (airway epithelial cells, macrophages, neutrophils and T cells) along with their products (chemokines, cytokines) and other processes such as autophagy that influence the outcome of the host immune response to the infection.
Contributors have also reviewed the latest knowledge in the cellular and molecular mechanisms that trigger a protective, immune response and the identification of the molecular targets for vaccine development, all of which are a key priority to develop control measures against Babesia species like Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina. Additionally, the neuro-endocrine and neuro-immune mechanisms behind host responses against stress and environmental stimuli during infections are also covered in separate chapters. The volume also provides updates related to Helicobacter pylori pathogenesis. The reviews presented in Anti-infective Research and Development provide timely updates for scholars and professionals associated with the field of antimicrobial research and development.
Contributors have also reviewed the latest knowledge in the cellular and molecular mechanisms that trigger a protective, immune response and the identification of the molecular targets for vaccine development, all of which are a key priority to develop control measures against Babesia species like Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina. Additionally, the neuro-endocrine and neuro-immune mechanisms behind host responses against stress and environmental stimuli during infections are also covered in separate chapters. The volume also provides updates related to Helicobacter pylori pathogenesis. The reviews presented in Anti-infective Research and Development provide timely updates for scholars and professionals associated with the field of antimicrobial research and development.
Table of Contents
Chapter 1 The Anti-Infective Agents- Introduction
- Other Sources of Anti-Infective Agents
- Mechanism of Action of the Anti-Infective Agents
- (Bacterial/Viral)
- Bactericidal Anti-Infective Agents
- Bactericidal Plant Derived- Secondary Metabolites
- Bacteriostatic Anti-Infective Agents
- Drugs
- Bacteriostatic Activity of Bacteria-Derived Secondary Metabolites
- Bacteriostatic Activity of Plant-Derived Secondary Metabolites
- Mechanism of Bacterial Resistance
- Modification of Protein Targets of Antibiotics
- Production of Enzymes Which Can Degrade or Modify the Antibiotic Structure
- The Use of the Pumping Systems to Expel Antibiotic Molecules
- How Environmental Stress in Biofilms Contributes to The
- Bacterial Resistance Mechanism
- How Nature Approaches the Microbial Resistance
- Concluding Remarks
- Consent for Publication
- Conflict of Interest
- Acknowledgements.
- References
Chapter 2 Natural Products with Antimicrobial Activity For
- Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
- Introduction
- Tuberculosis
- Potential Actions of Natural Compound as Antituberculosis Agents
- Action Against Mycobacterial Cell Surface
- Action Against Mycobacterial Nucleic Acids Synthesis
- Action Against Mycobacterial Protein Synthesis
- Action Against Mycobacterial Membrane Potential
- Reactive Nitrogen and Oxygen Species (Rnos) Generators Against Mycobacteria
- Natural Compounds with Potential to Anti-Tb Drugs
- Nordihydroguaiaretic Acid (Ndga)
- Α-Mangostin
- Allicin
- Baicalin
- Pasakbumin a
- Host-Directed Therapies for Tuberculosis (Hdt)
- Concluding Remarks
- Juan Manuel Favela-Hernández and Gloria G. Guerrero Manriquez
- Silvia Guzmán-Beltrán, Fernando Hernández-Sánchez and Omar M. Barrientos
- Source of the Anti-Infective Agents
- Plant-Derived Anti-Bacterial Agents
- Plant-Derived Antiviral Agents
- Consent for Publication
- Conflict of Interest
- Acknowledgement
- References
Chapter 3 Induction and Activation of Intracellular Antimicrobial
- Molecules for Mycobacterial Control
- Introduction
- Anti-Infective Molecules and Their Niches of Activation
- Antimicrobial Peptides
- Antimicrobial Molecules (No and Ros)
- Induction and Activation of Antimicrobial Pathways
- Antimicrobial Molecules Induced by Vitamin D
- Antimicrobial Molecules Induced by Vitamin D and Ifn-Γ
- Antimicrobial Molecules Induced by Autophagy
- Antimicrobial Molecules Induced by Oxidative Stress and Vitamin D
- The Role of Antimicrobial Peptides in M. Tuberculosis Infection
- Concluding Remarks
- Consent for Publication
- Conflict of Interest
- Acknowledgements
- References
Chapter 4 Immune Response Against M. Tuberculosis in Human
- Pulmonary Tuberculosis
- Introduction
- Immunity in the Lung
- The Innate Immune Function of Airway Epithelial Cells
- Pattern Recognition Receptors (Prrs) of Airway Epithelial Cells
- The Immune Response of Airway Epithelial Cells
- Characteristics of M. Tuberculosis
- Effects of Mycobacterial Virulent Factors on the Immune Response
- M. Tuberculosis in Lung Infection
- Alveolar Macrophages and Their Response Against M. Tuberculosis
- Interaction Between Alveolar Cells and M. Tuberculosis
- T Cells Play an Important Role in Acquired Immunity
- Neutrophils
- Cytokines and Chemokine Release by Alveolar Macrophages and T Cells
- Interleukin-12 (Il-12)
- Tumoral Necrosis Factor-Α (Tnf-Α)
- Interleukin-10 (Il-10)
- Effect of Host Genetic Factors, Tb Treatment, Smoking, Hiv and Diabetes on The
- Immune Response During Tuberculosis
- Concluding Remarks
- Consent for Publication
- Conflict of Interest
- Acknowledgements
- References
- Laura E. Carreto-Binaghi and Yolanda Gonzalez
- Angélica Moncada Morales and María Teresa Herrera Barrios
- Introduction
- Importance of Xenophagy
- Intracellular Bacteria Subvert Autophagy
- Induction of Autophagy as a Therapeutic Approach
- The Natural Compounds Approach
- The Microbial Compounds Approach
- The Drug Approach
- The Drawbacks of Inducing Autophagy
- Concluding Remarks
- Consent for Publication
- Conflict of Interest
- Acknowledgement
- References
Chapter 6 Neuro-Immune-Endocrine Interactions During Infections
- Stress and Homeostasis
- Neuro-Immune-Endocrine System During Infection.
- Communication Between Brain and Immune System
- Inie During Bacterial Infections
- Inie During Viral Infections
- Niei During Parasitic and Fungal Infections
- Concluding Remarks
- Abbreviations
- Consent for Publication
- Conflict of Interest
- Acknowledgements
- References
Chapter 7 Regulation of Haemoglobin, Haem Uptake by Frpb Family
- Proteins in Helicobacter Pylori
- Introduction
- Ferric Regulated Protein Family (Frpb)
- Frpb1, Frpb2 and Frpb3 Proteins Have the Domains Involved in Hbbinding
- Receptor Proteins
- Discussion
- Conclusion
- Consent for Publication
- Conflict of Interest
- Acknowledgements
- References
Chapter 8 Molecular Mechanisms of Babesia Invasion: Potential
- Targets for Vaccine Development
- Introduction
- The Immune Response Against Babesiosis
Chapter 5 Inducing Autophagy to Eliminate Intracellular Bacteria
- Andy Ruiz and Esmeralda Juárez
- Montoya-Rosales Alejandra and Macías-Segura Noé
- José De Jesús Olivares Trejo and Juan Mosqueda
- Juan Mosqueda, Susana Mejia-López and Miguel Angel Mercado-Uriostegui
- Live Vaccines
- Exoantigens
- Recombinant Proteins and Proteins as Vaccine Agents
- Variable Merozoite Surface Antigens (Vmsas)
- Rhoptry-Associated Protein 1 (Rap-1)
- Apical Membrane Antigen (Ama-1)
- Rhoptry Neck Protein (Ron-2)
- Micronemal Protein-1 (Mic-1)
- Spherical Body Protein 4 (Sbp-4)
- Hapless 2 (Hap-2)
- Next Generation Vaccines
- Prediction of B-Cell Epitopes as the First Step in the Development of Next Generation
- Vaccines
- Prediction of Transmembrane Helices
- Signal Peptide Prediction
- B-Cell Epitopes Prediction
- Assessment of the Specificity and Conservation of the Epitope Sequence.
- Peptide Immunogenicity of Multiple Antigenic Peptides (Maps)
- Adjuvant Use
- Summary
- Consent for Publication
- Conflict of Interest
- Acknowledgement
- References
- Development of Vaccines Against Babesia
- Subject Index
Author
- Gloria G. Guerrero Manriquez
