Biosensing technology is rapidly flourishing in recent years due to the advancement of bio-MEMS/NEMS. However, the booming development of biosensors has not been very well addressed to the unmet clinical needs. Advances in Biosensing Technology for Medical Diagnosis initiates a headway into the realm of cutting-edge diagnostic tools which are expected to become routine clinical practice. This book aims to broaden the readers’ horizon and guide them in tailoring different biosensing techniques for specific diagnostic procedures.
Key Features:
Advances in Biosensing Technology for Medical Diagnosis serves as a reference for healthcare providers and biomedical engineers who are interesting in biosensing techniques in medicine. The information provided in this reference will also benefit healthcare policymakers who are interested in new technologies that can impact the delivery of diagnostic services in healthcare systems.
Key Features:
- 12 chapters cover several aspects of biosensing technologies including working principles and clinical validations
- highlights the state-of-the-art biosensing technology developed in all fields
- provides information about specific applications of novel biosensors used in clinical diagnosis,
- provides step-by-step guidance of microfabrication for biosensors
- focuses on bridging the gap between the scientific and the clinical communities
- provides information about the diagnostic applications of biosensors for different diseases (including infectious diseases and neurodegenerative diseases).
- covers Information about unconventional nano/microfluidic biosensor systems
- features contributions from renowned experts in the field of biomedical engineering
Advances in Biosensing Technology for Medical Diagnosis serves as a reference for healthcare providers and biomedical engineers who are interesting in biosensing techniques in medicine. The information provided in this reference will also benefit healthcare policymakers who are interested in new technologies that can impact the delivery of diagnostic services in healthcare systems.
Table of Contents
Chapter 1 Essentials of Biosensors- Introduction
- Specificity
- Sensitivity
- Dynamic Range
- Reliability and Robustness
- Concluding Remarks
- Consent for Publication
- Conflict of Interest
- Acknowledgements
- References
Chapter 2 Micro/Nanofabrication of Ivd/Poct Biosensors
- Introduction to Ivd/Poct Biosensors
- Microfabrication
- Conventional Thin-Film Processing from Semiconductor Manufacturing
- Thin Film Formation
- Etching
- Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (Mems) Processing
- Soft Lithography
- Nanofabrication Techniques for Ivd/Poct Sensors
- Top-Down Nanofabrication
- Substrte Materials for Biosensors
- Quartz
- Papers
- Fabrication of the 2D and 3D Μpads
- Outlook
- Incorporation of Nanomaterials for Improved Sensing
- Detecting Smaller Biological Targets
- Evolution into Wearable Poct Sensors
- System-Level Integration of Sensors, Circuits, Cloud, and Artificial Intelligence
- Conclusion
- Consent for Publication
- Conflict of Interest
- Acknowledgments
- References
Chapter 3 Basic and Advanced Electrochemical Technology For
- Biosensing Applications
- Introduction
- Electrochemical Techniques
- Linear Sweep Voltammetry (Lsv), Cyclic Voltammetry (Cv) and Fast-Scan Cyclic
- Voltammetry (Fscv)
- Differential Pulse Voltammetry (Dpv) and Square Wave Voltammetry (Swv)
- Jacky Fong-Chuen Loo, Tza-Huei Wang and Yi-Ping Ho
- Huan Hu and Lei Li
- Tien-Chun Tsai, Neil Adrian P. Ondevilla and Hsien-Chang Chang
- Ion-Selective Electrodes
- Cpe-Based Potentiometric Sensors
- Pvc Membrane-Containing Sensors
- Electrochemical Glucose Sensor
- Enzymatic Glucose Sensors
- First Generation
- Second Generation
- Third Generation
- Non-Enzymatic Glucose Sensors
- Under Neutral Conditions
- Under Basic Conditions
- Under Acidic Conditions
- Other Enzyme-Catalyzed Biosensor
- Nucleic Acid-Based Biosensors
- Aptamer-Based Biosensors (Aptasensor)
- Systematic Evolution of Ligands Through Exponential Enrichment (Selex)
- Sensing Mechanisms
- Electrochemical Genosensors
- Micrornas
- Capture Probe
- Capture Probe with a Signal Probe
- Capture Probe Without a Signal Probe
- Application of Solution-State Probe
- Concluding Remarks
- Consent for Publication
- Conflict of Interest
- Acknowledgements
- References
Chapter 4 Semiconductor Biosensors Based on Nanowire Field-Effect
- Transistors
- Introduction
- Nanowire Fet Biosensors: The Basics
- Basic Design and Mechanism
- Device Fabrication
- Surface Functionalization
- Factors Affecting Sensitivity
- Nanowire Characteristics
- Debye Screening
- Noise
- Measurement Setup
- Recent Developments
- Low-Cost Top-Down Fabrication of Sinws
- Uv and Duv Lithography
- Sidewall Spacer Technique
- Anisotropic Wet Etching
- Fet Design and Configuration
- Dual Gating
- Nanoplate-Nanowire Transistor Pair
- Nanopore Fet
- Lester U. Vinzons and Shu-Ping Lin
- Underlap Fet
- Vertically Aligned Nanorods
- Reducing Device-To-Device Variations
- Calibration by Transconductance
- Optical Self-Calibration
- Improved Fabrication Process
- Surface Coating and Functionalization
- Selective Surface Functionalization
- Optimization of Antibody Orientation
- Stability in Aqueous Solutions
- Ph- and Ion-Concentration-Independent Sensing
- Reusability
- Channel Gating Within the Debye Length
- Pegylation to Suppress Debye Screening
- Detection Methods
- Frequency-Domain Detection
- Random Telegraph Signals
- Antigen-Antibody Dissociation
- Signal Amplification
- Towards Real-World Poct Applications
- Sample Filtration and Purification
- Droplet Microfluidics
- Readout Systems
- Preliminary Clinical Validation
- Breath Condensate and Gas-Phase Detection
- Virus Detection from Breath Condensate
- Gas Sensor with Decoupled Gas-Sensitive Medium
- Sensing Volatile Organic Compounds
- Artificial Intelligence
- Diagnosis Via Exhaled Breath
- Summary and Outlook
- Consent for Publication
- Conflict of Interest
- Acknowledgement
- References
Chapter 5 Fluorescence Biosensors
- Introduction
- Basics of Molecular Biosensors and General Applications
- Classification of Fluorescence Biosensors
- Advantages of the Activatability of Fluorescence Biosensors
- Design Principles of Activatable or Tunable Fluorescence
- Biosensors
- Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (Fret)
- Intramolecular Fret-Based Sensors
- Taqman
- Molecular Beacons
- Cameleon
- Intermolecular Fret-Based Sensors
- Qd-Based Fret Nanosensors
- Huong T. Vu, Soonwoo Hong and Hsin-Chih Yeh
- Homo-Fret Sensors
- Photoinduced Electron Transfer (Pet)
- Smart Probes
- Fluorescein-Based Sensors
- Formation of Fluorescent Constructs
- Split Gfp
- Gcamp
- H-Dimer
- Suppression of Non-Radiative Decay Pathways
- Intercalating Dyes
- Flash and Reash
- Malachite Green and Spinach
- Ligand Effects
- Nanocluster Beacons
- Carbon Nanotube-Based Sensors
- Strategies to Enhance Fluorescence Signals and Specificity
- Metastable Hairpin Sensors and Hybridization Chain Reaction
- Multiple Labels and Fluorogenic Arrays
- Ligation-Based Pcr Assay
- Proximity Probes
- Requirements for Using Fluorescence Sensors in Biomedical
- Imaging
- Wavelength
- Brightness
- Stability
- Pharmacokinetics and Biodistribution
- Concluding Remarks
- Consent for Publication
- Conflict of Interest
- Acknowledgements
- References
Chapter 6 Plasmonic Label-Free Optical Biosensors
- Introduction
- Backgrounds of Plasmonic Biosensing
- Theory
- Brief History and Traditional Applications
- Plasmon Enhancement Based Label-Free Optical Biosensor
- Plasmonic Colocalization
- Plasmonic Localization Using Nps
- Phase-Sensitive Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensing
- Plasmon-Enhanced Whispering Gallery Mode Sensing
- Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance Imaging
- Biosensing Based on Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy
- Concluding Remarks and Outlook
- Consent for Publication
- Conflict of Interest
- Acknowledgements
- References
Chapter 7 Micro/Nano-Fluidics Based Biosensors
- Wonju Lee, Seongmin Im and Donghyun Kim
- Introduction
- Microfluidic Devices Based on Hemodynamics
- Measurement of Cell Deformation
- Rbc Deformability
- Deformability of Other Cells
- Measurement of Rbc Aggregation
- Measurement of Blood Viscosity
- Surface Tension Viscometers
- Pressure-Sensing Viscometers
- Flow Rate-Sensing Viscometers
- Co-Flowing Stream Viscometers
- Measurement of Platelet Aggregation
- Nanofluidic Biosensors
- Concluding Remarks
- Consent for Publication
- Conflict of Interest
- Acknowledgements
- References
Chapter 8 Point-Of-Care Portable In-Vitro Diagnostics: Smartphones,
- Imaging, Sensing, Connectivity, and Ai
- Introduction and Overview
- The Medical Diagnostics Landscape
- Poc Microfluidic In-Vitro Diagnostic Devices
- The Smartphone as a Diagnostics Platform
- Smartphones in Emedicine/Telemedicine
- Smartphones for Chemical Analysis and Clinical Chemistry.
- Smartphone Immunoassays
- Smartphone Molecular Diagnostics
- Nucleic Acid Sequencing with Smartphones
- Non-Medical Applications of Smartphone-Platforms for Detection
- Poc in Vitro Diagnostics as Nodes of the Internet of Medical Things (Iomt)
- Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence in Poc in Vitro Diagnostics
- Regulatory Issues and Risks
- Direct Access or Direct-To-Consumer Testing, Poc Devices and the Iomt
- Discussion and Summary
- Consent for Publication
- Conflict of Interest
- Acknowledgements
- References
Chapter 9 Biomarkers and Applications in Alzheimer's Disease
- Introduction
- Alzheimer's Disease
- Risk Factors
- Biomarkers of Alzheimer's Disease
- Aβ and Tau
- Csf Aβ and Tau
Author
- Han-Sheng Chuang
- Yi-Ping Ho
