This book introduces personalized immunotherapy with multi-dimensional models of analysis to determine the best plan for immunotherapy of patients. The book introduces readers to some basic concepts which lay the foundation for personalized immunotherapy: the development of a major histocompatibility complex (MHC), the genome profile of T cells and tumor cells, and genome-wide association studies. Chapters also cover special topics such as new immunoassay methods related to personalized immunotherapy and targeted immunotherapy which are geared towards familiarizing readers with current research practices. Focusing on the central theme of personalized immunotherapy, the authors provide a wealth of information about T-cell screening, tumor neoantigen cloning, primary tumor cell culture for T-cell cloning, bioinformatics strategies for understanding T-cell and primary tumor cell biology and function, and new developments in research on adoptive T-cell immunotherapy. These developments include T-cell gene therapy and T-cell gene editing, transgenic T-cells for increasing affinity to tumor cells such as CAR T-cells and TCR T-cells, and the systematic modeling of polyclonal specific T-cells and biobank technology.
Key Features:- Introduces readers to basic concepts in personalized medicine and immunotherapy- Presents current information about immunological assays used in research- Presents an overview of T cell immunotherapy and cloning techniques- Presents an overview of tumor cell bioinformatics and its role in immunotherapy- Includes new developments and references for personalized immunotherapy techniques (T-cell gene therapy and T-cell gene editing, transgenic T-cells which target CAR T-cells and TCR T-cells, and polyclonal T-cell modeling) - Includes a section on biobanking- Presents information in an easy-to-read format for a wide range of readers- Brings contributions from experts with over 30 years of experience in personalized immunotherapy Personalized Immunotherapy for Tumor Diseases and Beyond is an ideal handbook for medical professionals and students involved in personalized medicine, immunology and oncology. General readers interested in the new developments in these fields will also benefit from the information provided.
Key Features:- Introduces readers to basic concepts in personalized medicine and immunotherapy- Presents current information about immunological assays used in research- Presents an overview of T cell immunotherapy and cloning techniques- Presents an overview of tumor cell bioinformatics and its role in immunotherapy- Includes new developments and references for personalized immunotherapy techniques (T-cell gene therapy and T-cell gene editing, transgenic T-cells which target CAR T-cells and TCR T-cells, and polyclonal T-cell modeling) - Includes a section on biobanking- Presents information in an easy-to-read format for a wide range of readers- Brings contributions from experts with over 30 years of experience in personalized immunotherapy Personalized Immunotherapy for Tumor Diseases and Beyond is an ideal handbook for medical professionals and students involved in personalized medicine, immunology and oncology. General readers interested in the new developments in these fields will also benefit from the information provided.
Table of Contents
PrefaceList of Contributors
Introduction
Chapter 1 Mhc and Cancer Immunotherapy
- Overview of Mhc Genes and Molecules
2. Hla Molecule Structure
3. Distribution and Function of Hla Molecules
4. Mhc Allele Detection
- Mhc Class I Molecular Loss and Cancer Immunotherapy
2. Types of Class I Hla Deletion.
3. Expression of Class I Hla Molecules and Efficiency of Immunotherapy
4. the Relation Between Selective Pressure of Immunocyte and Changes of Class-I Hla
- Expression Pattern in Tumor Cells
- Expression Levels of Nonclassical Mhc Class I and Tumor Immune
- Escape
2. Roles of Hla Ib Antigens in Immune Modulation
3. Clinical Relevance of Hla Ib Expression in Cancers
4. Prospective of Hla-E and Hla-G Targeted Cancer Immunotherapy
- Mhc for T-Cell Epitope and Active Immune Vaccines
- Mhc for Adoptive Immune Cell Therapy
- Conclusion
- Consent for Publication
- Conflict of Interest
- Acknowledgements
- References
Chapter 2 Immune Cells Signaling-Pathway and Genomic Profiles for Personalized Immunotherapy
- Introduction
- T-Cell Membrane Signaling
- T-Cells Pathway and Networks
- Genomic Expression Profile of T-Cells
2. Genomic Expression Profiles from Peripheral Blood Immune Cells
- Genomic Expression Profile of B-Cell
2. Network of B-Lymphocyte
- Genomic Expression Profile and Network of Nk-Cell
2. Genomic Expression Profiles of Nk-Lymphocyte
3. Network of Nk-Lymphocyte
- Li-Hua Jiang and Wei-Hua Yan
- Wei Zhang, Yan Qu, Meihua Lin, Amit Datta, George E. Liu and Biaoru Li
2. Genomic Expression Profiles and Network of Nkt-Lymphocyte
- Genomic Expression Profile of Macrophage
2. Genomic Expression Profiles and Network of Macrophages
- Conclusion
- Consent for Publication
- Conflict of Interest
- Acknowledgements
- References
Chapter 3 Immunoassay of Personalized Immunotherapy
- Introduction
- Basic Record of Immune Function and Response
- Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity in Vivo
- Measures of Immune Function Ex Vivo
2. Detection of Secreted Cytokines by Elisa Assays
3. Lymphoproliferation Assay
4. Ctl and Quantifying Ctl
- Measures of Antigen-Specific Immune Responses in Vitro/Ex Vivo
2. Tcr Complementarity Determining Region
- Measurement of Cytokine Mrna
- Measurement of Tumor Antibodies
- Measurement of Immune Targets for Immunotherapy
- Measuring Inhibitory and Activating Receptors by Ihc Staining
- Measurement of Mrna and Snps in Inhibitory and Activating Receptor
- Measuring Inhibitory Receptors by Elisa or Facs at the Cell Level
2. Detection of Inhibitory Receptors by Elisa Assays
- Technical Consideration and Standardization
- Conclusion
- Consent for Publication
- Conflict of Interest
- Acknowledgements
- References
Chapter 4 Tumor Microenvironment, Ado/Ido Pathway-Foundation of Personalized Immunotherapy
- Introduction
- Extracellular Matrix with Network
- Regulating Cells
2. Neutrophils
3. Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes
4. Carcinoma Associated Fibroblasts
- Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells (Mdsc)
- Regulating Molecules
- Li-Hua Jiang and Biaoru Li
- Xiao Zhu, Lihua Jiang and Biaoru Li
- Genomic Expression Profile of Nkt-Cell
- Therapeutic Targets with Their Agents
2. Therapeutic Targets of Ado Pathway
3. Therapeutic Targets of Ido Pathway
4. Other Ways of Tme Therapy
- Consent for Publication
- Conflict of Interest
- Acknowledgements
- References
Chapter 5 Molecular Targeting Checkpoint in Cancer-Foundation of Personalized Immunotherapy
- Introduction
- Molecular Targeting Checkpoint Inhibitors
- Pd-1/Pd-L1
- Ctla-4
- Tim-3
- Lag-3
- Siglec-15
- Application of Molecular Targeting Checkpoint Inhibitors
- Small Cell Lung Cancer
- Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (Nsclc)
- Hepatocellular Carcinoma (Hcc) (For Pdl1)
- Melanoma
- Kidney Cancer
- Problem
- Conclusion and Perspective
- Consent for Publication
- Conflict of Interest
- Acknowledgements
- References
Chapter 6 Molecular Screening and Neoantigen Cloningfundamental
- Of Adoptive T-Cell Immunotherapy
- Introduction
- Molecular Screening Neoantigen and Mutants
2. Scfv Screening
3. Tcr Screening
4. Yeast Two-Hybrid Screening
5. Molecular Technique Supporting Genomics and Bioinformatics
6. Other Screenings of Molecular Biology
- Molecular Constructs
2. Specific Tcr Design
3. Specific T-Cell and Constructs
- Vector Selection for Gene Package and Delivery
- Conclusion
- Consent for Publication
- Shuzhen Tan and Xiao Zhu
- Wei Zhang, George Liu, Emmanuelle Devemy and Biaoru Li
- Conflict of Interest
- Acknowledgements
- References
Chapter 7 Primary Cell Culture and T-Cell Cloning -Fundamental of Adoptive T-Cell Immunotherapy
- Introduction
- Personalized Muiltiple Dimensional Culture System
2. Humanized Animal Model by Primary Tumor Cells
3. Basic 3-D Primary Tumor Cell Culture
4. 3-D Bio-Printing Primary Tumor Cell and Tissue Culture
5. Multiple D Primary Tumor Cell Culture
- T-Cell Cloning with Culture
2. Specific Peptides Pulsed Dendritic Cells (Dc) Co-Culture Cd8+Cell with Ctl Cell
- Cloning and Culture
4. Genomic Supporting Patient's Neoantigen-Specific Car T-Cell and Tcr T-Cell
- Construction with Their Cloning Culture
- Cytokines of Specific T-Cell Therapy
- Conclusion
- Consent for Publication
- Conflict of Interest
- Acknowledgements
- References
Chapter 8 Bioinformatics of T-Cell and Primary Tumor Cellsfundamental
- Of Adoptive T-Cell Immunotherapy
- Introduction
- Workflow of Tumor Sampling with Snp and Genomic Analysis
- Tumor Gwas and Genomic Profile with Analysis
2. Detection of Genomic Expression
- System Modeling for Tumor Cells and Tils
2. Ges Determining Targets
- Neoantigen Analysis and Determination
- Bioifnroamtics Integration for T-Cell Targets
- Successful System Biology Integration for Functional
- Polyclonal Til Targets
- Conclusion
- Consent for Publication
- Conflict of Interest
- Acknowledgements
- References
- Biaoru Li, Supriya Perabekam, Alan Larson and Hong-Liang Hu
- George Liu, Jie Zheng and Biaoru Li
Chapter 9 Development of Adoptive T-Cell Immunotherapy-Future of Personalized Immunotherapy
- Introduction
- History and Development of Immune Therapy
2. Development of Tils Clinical Application
3. Tils Clinical Location Administration
4. Immune Cell Therapy Beyond Tils
- Development and Application of Nk Cells
6. Development of a Clinical Application for Nk Immunotherapy
7. Research and Development of Autologous Lymphocytes
- Current Consideration After Completion of Clinical Trials
- Future of Adoptive T-Cell Immunotherapy
- Consent for Publication
- Conflict of Interest
- Acknowledgements
- References
Chapter 10 Gene Therapy and Genomic Editing-Development of Adoptive T-Cell Immunotherapy
- Introduction
- Development of Vectors of Clinical Gene Therapy
- Background of Gene Editing for Adoptive T-Cell Immunotherapy 164
- Application of Gene Editing for T-Cell Immunotherapy
2. Biomarker Depletion of Allogeneic Stem Cell to Support Car-T Biomarker of Non-
- Specific Targets
- Conclusion
- Consent for Publication
- Conflict of Interest
- Acknowledgements
- References
Chapter 11 Genetically Modified T-Cells Affinity to Tumor Cellsdevelopment
- Of Adoptive T-Cell Immunotherapy
- Introduction
- History and Development of Tcr and Car Immune Therapy
- Generation of Clinically Effective Tcr T-Cell and Car T-Cells
- Clinical Trials of Tcr T-Cell and Car T-Cell
- Company Products of Car T-Cell and Tcr T-Cell
- Future of Car T-Cell and Tcr T-Cell
- Consent for Publication
- Conflict of Interest
- Acknowledgements
- References
Author
- Biaoru Li
- Alan Larson
- Shen Li
