An authoritative survey of the science and advanced technological uses of the actinide and transactinide metals
The Heaviest Metals offers an essential resource that covers the fundamentals of the chemical and physical properties of the heaviest metals as well as the most recent advances in their science and technology. The authors - noted experts in the field - offer an authoritative review of the actinide and transactinide elements, i.e., the elements from actinium to lawrencium as well as rutherfordium through organesson, the current end of the periodic table, element 118.
The text explores the history of the metals, their occurrence and issues of production, and covers a broad range of chemical subjects including environmental concerns and remediation approaches. The authors also offer information on the most recent and emerging applications of the metals, such as in superconducting materials, catalysis, and research into medical diagnostics. This important resource:
- Provides an overview of the science and advanced technological uses of the actinide and transactinide metals
- Describes the basic chemical and physical properties of the heaviest metals, and discusses the challenges and opportunities for their technological applications
- Contains accessible information on the fundamental features of the heaviest metals, special requirements for their experimental study, and the critical role of computational characterization of their compounds
- Highlights the most current and emerging applications in areas such as superconducting materials, catalysis, nuclear forensics, and medicine
- Presents vital contemporary issues of the heaviest metals
Written for graduate students and researchers working with the actinide and transactinide elements, industrial and academic inorganic and nuclear chemists, and engineers, The Heaviest Metals is a comprehensive volume that explores the fundamental chemistry and properties of the heaviest metals, and the challenges and opportunities associated with their present and emerging technological uses.
Table of Contents
Contributors xi
Series Preface xv
Volume Preface xvii
PART 1: BACKGROUND 1
Discovery of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements 3
Mary Virginia Orna and Marco Fontani
Production of Plutonium 31
David L. Clark and Franz J. Freibert
Controlling Actinide Extraction Chemistry (Separation of Actinides from Lanthanides as Part of Nuclear Fuel Recycling) 39
James Westwood and Laurence M. Harwood
PART 2: FUNDAMENTALS 57
Electronic Structure of the Actinide Elements 59
Frédéric Gendron and Jochen Autschbach
Electronic Structure of the Transactinide Atoms 77
Ephraim Eliav, Anastasia Borschevsky and Uzi Kaldor
Chemical Properties of the Transactinide Elements 93
Christoph E. Düllmann
Multiple Bonding in Actinide Chemistry 105
Michael A. Boreen and John Arnold
Electronic Structure of Actinide Oxides 123
Lindsay E. Roy
PART 3: CHARACTERIZATION METHODS 143
Crystallography of Actinide Complexes 145
Brian L. Scott, Samantha K. Cary and Justin N. Cross
Solid State NMR of Actinide-Containing Compounds 177
G. Koutroulakis and H. Yasuoka
Mössbauer Spectroscopy of Actinide Compounds 185
iotr Gaczy´nski
Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Actinide Materials 193
Thomas Gouder and Rachel Eloirdi
Laser-Based Spectroscopic Studies of Actinide Complexes 209
Euo C. Jung, Hye-Ryun Cho, Hee-Kyung Kim and Wansik Cha
Ab Initio Electronic Structure Calculations for Actinide and Transactinide Atoms and Molecules 223
Michael Dolg and Xiaoyan Cao
PART 4: DISTINCTIVE CHEMISTRY 247
Divalent Actinides and Transactinides: Inorganic and Organometallic Complexes 249
Leonor Maria, Joaquim Marçalo and John K. Gibson
Organometallic Chemistry of Pentavalent Uranium 263
Jesse Murillo and Skye Fortier
Amido Complexes of the Actinides 283
avid J. H. Emslie
Actinide Pnictogen Complexes 301
Sean P. Vilanova and Justin R. Walensky
Actinide Borohydrides 319
Scott R. Daly
Supramolecular and Macrocyclic Chemistry of the Actinides 335
ei Mei, Jianhui Lan, Kongqiu Hu and Weiqun Shi
Actinide Polyoxometalates 355
Peter C. Burns
PART 5: ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH ISSUES 365
Actinide Speciation and Bioavailability in Fresh and Marine Surface Waters 367
Scott J. Markich and Paul L. Brown
Transuranic Biogeochemistry 401
Hakim Boukhalfa and Mary Neu
Sustainable Remediation in Complex Geologic Systems 415
Haruko Wainwright, Bhavna Arora, Susan Hubbard, Konstantin Lipnikov, Greg Flach, David Moulton, Carol Eddy-Dilek and Miles Denham
Nuclear Forensics 427
Maria Wallenius, Klaus Lützenkirchen, Klaus Mayer and Zsolt Varga
Actinides in Medicine 445
Eva R. Birnbaum, Michael E. Fassbender, Maryline G. Ferrier, Kevin D. John and Tara Mastren
PART 6: SPECIAL APPLICATIONS 467
Actinide Elements in Catalysis 469
Rami J. Batrice, Isabell S.R. Karmel, Guy Yardeni and Moris S. Eisen
Superconductivity of the Heaviest Metals and Their Compounds 493
Hans R. Ott and Zachary Fisk
Index 507
