This groundbreaking book uniquely focuses on the exploration of the green synthesis of metal nanoparticles and their characterization and applications.
Metal nanoparticles are the basic elements of nanotechnology as they are the primary source used in the design of nanostructured devices and materials. Nanomaterials can be manufactured either incidentally, with physical or chemical methods, or naturally; and the high demand for them has led to their large-scale production by various toxic solvents or high energy techniques. However, due to the growing awareness of environmental and safety issues, the use of clean, nontoxic and environment-friendly ways to synthesize metal nanoparticles has emerged out of necessity. The use of biological resources, such as microbes, plant parts, vegetable wastes, agricultural wastes, gums, etc., has grown to become an alternative way of synthesizing metal nanoparticles. This biogenic synthesis is green, environmentally friendly, cost-effective, and nontoxic.
The current multi-authored book includes recent information and builds a database of bioreducing agents for various metal nanoparticles using different precursor systems. Green Metal Nanoparticles also highlights different simple, cost-effective, environment-friendly and easily scalable strategies, and includes parameters for controlling the size and shape of the materials developed from the various greener methods.
Table of Contents
Preface xxi
Part I Future Vision of Green Nanotechnology 1
1 Recent Advances in Green Nanotechnology and the Vision for the Future 3
Sukanchan Palit and Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain
1.1 Introduction 4
1.2 The Objective of this Study 4
1.3 The Rationale for this Study 5
1.4 What is Meant by Green Nanotechnology? 5
1.5 The Scientific Doctrine and Truth Behind Nanotechnology Applications 6
1.6 Recent Research Pursuit in the Field of Nanotechnology 7
1.7 Scientific Endeavors in the Field of Green Nanotechnology 8
1.8 Challenges and Opportunities in the Field of Green Nanotechnology 13
1.9 Environmental Sustainability, Humankind’s Progress and Vision of Science 14
1.10 Scientific Cognizance, the Greatness of Research Pursuit and Green Nanotechnology 14
1.11 Global Water Crisis - The Vision and Challenge of Science 15
1.12 Heavy Metal and Arsenic Groundwater Contamination - The Vision for the Future 15
1.13 Groundwater Remediation and Water Purification Technologies 16
1.14 Application of Nanotechnology in Industrial Wastewater Treatment 17
1.15 The Vision of Renewable Energy Technologies 18
1.16 Future Research Trends and Flow of Thoughts 19
1.17 Conclusion and Future Perspectives 20
References 20
2 Green Synthesis of Metal-Based Nanoparticles and Their Applications 23
Shamaila Sajjad, Sajjad Ahmed Khan Leghari, Najam-Ul-Athar Ryma and Sidra Anis Farooqi
2.1 Introduction 24
2.2 Botanical Extract Mediated Green Synthesis 27
2.3 Microbial Extract-Mediated Green Synthesis 47
2.4 Conclusions 53
Acknowledgment 54
References 54
3 Plant and Tree Gums as Renewable Feedstocks for the Phytosynthesis of Nanoparticles: A Green Chemistry Approach 79
Aruna Jyothi Kora
3.1 Introduction 80
3.2 Different Varieties of Plant Gums 90
3.3 Phytosynthesized Nanoparticles and Their Applications 96
3.4 Conclusions and Future Prospects 101
Acknowledgment 102
References 102
4 Green Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles and its Reaction Mechanisms 113
Rajasekhar Chokkareddy and Gan G. Redhi
4.1 Introduction 114
4.2 Green Synthesis Using Plant Extracts 117
4.3 Synthesis and Mechanism Action of Metal Nanoparticles 120
4.4 Conclusions 134
References 135
5 Toxicity of Metal/Metal Oxide Nanoparticles and Their Future Prospects 141
Subramanyam Deepika, Rajendran Harish Kumar, Chinnadurai Immanuel Selvaraj and Selvaraj Mohana Roopan
5.1 Introduction 142
5.2 Applications of Metal/Metal Oxide Nanoparticles and Their Toxicity 149
5.3 Future Perspectives 158
5.4 Conclusion 159
Conflict of Interest 160
Acknowledgment 160
Abbreviations 160
References 161
Part II Biosynthesis of Metallic Nanoparticles 165
6 Current Advances in Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles and Their Applications 167
Rajasekhar Chokkareddy, Niranjan Thondavada, Bakusele Kabane and Gan G. Redhi
6.1 Introduction 168
6.2 Synthesis of Nanoparticles 169
6.3 Biomedical Applications of Silver Nanoparticles 180
6.4 Conclusions 190
References 191
7 Green and Sustainable Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles Using Orange Peel Pith 199
G. López-Téllez, A. R. Vílchis Néstor, E. Gutiérrez-Segura, J. E. Moreno-Marcelino, A. Alcántara-Cobos, J. M. Malvaez-Medina and A. Castrejón Mejía
7.1 Introduction 200
7.2 Biosynthesis of Nanoparticles by Plants 201
7.3 Bioreduction Mechanism 201
7.4 Suitable Characteristics of Nanoparticles for Remediation 202
7.5 Orange Peel Pith as a Support, Reducing and Capping Agent of Metallic Nanoparticles 203
7.6 Conclusions 213
References 214
8 Biological and Biomedical Applications of Eco-Friendly Synthesized Gold Nanoparticles 217
G. Madhumitha, J. Fowsiya and Selvaraj Mohana Roopan
8.1 Introduction 217
8.2 Plant Extract as Bioreactors for Green Synthesis of AuNPs 218
8.3 Role of Phytochemicals in AuNPs 225
8.4 Biological and Biomedical Applications of AuNPs 228
8.5 Conclusion and Future Prospective 235
Conflict of Interest 235
Acknowledgment 235
References 235
9 Green Tiny Magnets: An Economic and Eco-Friendly Remedy for Environmental Damage 245
Paramita Karfa and Rashmi Madhuri
9.1 Introduction 246
9.2 Classification of Magnetic Materials 247
9.3 Synthesis and Characterization of Magnetic Nanoparticles 253
9.4 Application of Magnetic Nanoparticles for Environmental Remediation 263
10 Green Synthesis of Metallic Nanoparticles Using Biopolymers and Plant Extracts 293
Ibrahim M. El-Sherbiny and Ehab Salih
10.1 Introduction 294
10.2 Types of Nanomaterials 295
10.3 Synthesis Approaches of Metal Nanoparticles 297
10.4 Green Synthesis of MNPs 300
10.5 Conclusion 310
References 310
11 Green Synthesis of Metallic Nanoparticles from Natural Resources and Food Waste and Their Environmental Application 321
Hussein I. Abdel-Shafy and Mona S. M. Mansour
11.1 Introduction 322
11.2 Several Methods for Metallic Nanoparticle Synthesis 323
11.3 Biosynthesis of Different Metallic Nanoparticles from Plant Derivatives 324
11.4 Green Synthesis of Metallic Nanoparticles Using Food and Agro Wastes 349
11.5 Nanotechnology in Environmental Applications 362
11.6 Conclusions 369
Acknowledgment 370
References 370
12 Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles for Biomedical and Environmental Applications 387
Varadavenkatesan Thivaharan, Vinayagam Ramesh and Selvaraj Raja
12.1 Introduction 388
12.2 Mechanistic Aspects of Silver Nanoparticle Synthesis 390
12.3 Applications of Phytogenic Silver Nanoparticles 391
12.4 Biomedical Applications 391
12.5 Environmental Applications 412
12.6 Conclusions and Future Directions 418
References 419
13 Green Synthesis of Silver, Copper and Iron Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization and Their Applications in Wastewater Treatment 441
Th. Babita Devi and M. Ahmaruzzaman
13.1 Introduction 442
13.2 Plants Mediated Green Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles 444
13.3 Synthesis, Mechanism and Characterization of Synthesized Metals Nanoparticles 444
13.4 Catalytic Activities of Silver, Copper and Iron Nanoparticles for the Reduction and Photodegradation Process (Waste Water Treatment) 450
13.5 Toxicity and Future Prospect 457
13.6 Future of Green Route in Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles 461
13.7 Concluding Summary 462
References 463
Part III Biosynthesis of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles 467
14 Current Scenario in Green Approaches for Metal/Metal Oxide Nanoparticles Synthesis 469
Selvaraj Mohana Roopan
14.1 Introduction 469
14.2 Overview of Biological Approach-Microbial Medium 473
14.3 Biological Approach Using Plant Sources as Medium 481
14.4 Applications 497
14.5 Conclusion 503
Conflict of Interest 503
Acknowledgment 503
Abbreviations 504
References 504
15 Advanced Tin-Oxide Nanostructures: Green Synthesis, Prospects and Challenges for Clean Energy and Environmental Sustainability 513
Dipyaman Mohanta and M. Ahmaruzzaman
15.1 Introduction 514
15.2 Green Strategies for the Fabrication of Tin-Oxide Nanostructures 515
15.3 Detection of Pollutants and Environmental Remediation 517
15.4 Clean Energy Generation and Efficient Energy Storage 530
15.5 Discussion and Future Prospects 537
15.6 Conclusion 538
References 539
Part IV Biosynthesis of Noble Metal Nanoparticles 553
16 Green Synthesis of Noble Metal Nanoparticles: A Step Forward to Economical and Sustainable Development 555
Santanu Patra and Rashmi Madhuri
16.1 Overview of Nanoparticles 556
16.2 Green Synthesis of Noble Metal Nanoparticles 561
16.3 Synthesis of Different Shaped Noble Metal Nanoparticles by Green Synthesis Approach 590
16.4 Conclusion and Future Scope 592
Acknowledgment 593
References 593
17 Green Synthesis of Platinum Nanoparticles and Their Biomedical Applications 603
Niranjan Thondavada, Rajasekar Chokkareddy and Gan G. Redhi
17.1 Introduction 603
17.2 Synthesis of Platinum Nanoparticles 605
17.3 Toxicology of PtNPs 609
17.4 Biomedical Applications of PtNPs 610
17.5 Enzymatic Properties of PtNPs and their Applications 613
17.6 Conclusion 616
References 616
18 Eco-Friendly Noble Metal Nanoparticles for Therapeutic Applications: Present and Future Scenario 629
Raksha Choudhary and Rashmi Madhuri
18.1 Introduction 630
18.2 Why Noble Metal Nanoparticles are Gaining in Popularity in the Biomedical Field 632
18.3 Biomedical Applications of Noble Metal Nanoparticles 632
18.4 Conclusions and Future Directions 651
Acknowledgment 654
References 654
Part V Synthesis of Biopolymer Nanoparticles and Quantum Dots 667
19 Role of Bioconjugated Quantum Dots in Detection and Reduction of Pathogenic Microbes 669
Angappan Rameshkumar, Devanesan Arul Ananth, Sivagurunathan Periyasamy, Deviram Garlapati and Thilagar Sivasudha
19.1 Introduction 670
19.2 About QDs 671
19.3 General Applications of QDs 672
19.4 Mechanism of Action of QDs in Cell Lines 674
19.5 QDs as Antimicrobial Agents 674
19.6 Mechanism of QDs Exhibiting Antimicrobial Activity 675
19.7 Advantage and Disadvantages of QDs as Antimicrobial Agent 683
19.8 Conclusion and Future Prospects 684
References 684
Index 689
