This is the most comprehensive and in-depth study of the theory and practical applications of a new and groundbreaking method for the energy industry to "go green" with renewable and alternative energy sources.
The global warming phenomenon as a significant sustainability issue is gaining worldwide support for development of renewable energy technologies. The term "polygeneration" is referred to as "an energy supply system, which delivers more than one form of energy to the final user." For example, electricity, cooling and desalination can be delivered from a polygeneration process. The polygeneration process in a hybrid solar thermal power plant can deliver electricity with less impact on the environment compared to a conventional fossil fuel-based power generating system. It is also THE next generation energy production technique with the potential to overcome the undesirable intermittence of renewable energy systems.
In this study, the polygeneration process simultaneous production of power, vapor absorption refrigeration (VAR) cooling and multi-effect humidification and dehumidification (MEHD) desalination system from different heat sources in hybrid solar-biomass (HSB) system with higher energy efficiencies (energy and exergy), primary energy savings (PES) and payback period are investigated, focusing on several aspects associated with hybrid solar-biomass power generation installations, such as wide availability of biomass resources and solar direct normal irradiance (DNI), and other technologies. Thermodynamic evaluation (energy and exergy) of HSB power has also been investigated, along with the VAR cooling system, the modelling, simulation, optimization and cost analysis of the polygeneration hybrid solar biomass system, all accompanied by multiple case studies and examples for practical applications.
This volume provides the researcher, student and engineer with the intellectual tool needed for understanding new ideas in this rapidly emerging field. The book is also intended to serve as a general source and reference book for the professional (consultant, designer, contractor etc.) who is working in the field of solar thermal, biomass, power plant, polygeneration, cooling and process heat. It is a must-have for anyone working in this field.
Table of Contents
Contents
Foreword ix
Preface xi
1. Introduction 1
1.1. Global Scenario on Renewable Energy 3
1.2. Indian Scenario on Renewable Energy 6
Exercise 8
References 9
2. State-of-the-Art Concentrated Solar Thermal Technologies for End Use Applications 11
2.1. Solar Thermal Technologies for Low Grade Heat Applications 11
2.1.1. Flat Plate Collector System 12
2.1.2. Built-In Storage Solar Water Heating System 15
2.1.3. Evacuated Tubular Collector System 16
ETC Water Heating System Specification 18
2.1.4. Cumulative Growth of SWHS Installation Capacity 20
2.1.5. Performance Evaluation of SWHs 20
2.1.6. Cost Benefits Analysis 23
2.2. Solar Cooking 25
2.2.1. Thermal Performance of Solar Box Type Cooker 30
2.3. Solar Thermal Cooling 35
2.4. Desalination System 38
2.5. Industrial Process Heat applications 45
2.6. Solar Thermal Technologies for Power Generation 49
2.6.1. Parabolic Trough Collector 49
2.6.2. Linear Fresnel Reflector 51
2.6.3. Central Solar Tower 53
2.6.4. Parabolic Dish 54
2.7. Cooling with Process Heat in Cogeneration Process for Industrial Applications 57
2.7.1. System Description 58
Exercise 61
References 62
3. Resource Assessment of Solar and Biomass for Hybrid Thermal Power Plant 69
3.1. Apparent Solar Time 70
3.2. Solar Angles 71
3.3. Solar Resources (DNI) In India 76
3.3.1. Solar DNI from Satellite and Ground Measured Data 76
3.3.2. DNI Assessment at NISE 78
3.4. Biomass Resources in India 81
3.5. Analysis of Solar DNI And Biomass Resources for Hybrid Power Plants 83
Exercise 106
References 106
4. Solar Thermal Power Plant 109
4.1. A Case Study of 1 MWe Solar Thermal Power Plant 122
4.2. Major Components 124
4.2.1. Parabolic Trough Collector 124
4.2.2. Linear Fresnel Reflector 125
4.2.3. Storage 127
4.2.4. Nitrogen Blanketing System 129
4.2.5. Heat Exchanger 129
4.2.6. Power Block 132
4.2.7. Balance of Plant-Utility Systems 134
4.3. Performance of the Plant 136
Exercise 161
References 162
5. Modeling and Simulation of Hybrid Solar and Biomass Thermal Power Plant 163
5.1. Modeling Approach of a Hybrid Solar-Biomass Thermal Power Plant 167
5.2. Thermodynamic Evaluation 168
5.2.1. Energy Evaluation 169
5.2.2. Exergy Evaluation 174
5.3. Analysis of Hybrid Solar and Biomass Thermal Power Plant 177
Exercise 181
References 182
6. Modeling, Simulation, Optimization and Cost Analysis of a Polygeneration Hybrid Solar Biomass System 187
6.1. Modeling Approach of Polygeneration Process in an HSB Thermal Power Plant 191
6.2. Thermodynamic Evaluation 193
6.2.1. Energy Evaluation 193
6.2.2. Exergy Evaluation 201
6.3. Primary Energy Savings on the Polygeneration Process in an HSB Thermal Power Plant 206
6.4. Optimization 207
6.4.1. Objective Functions 207
6.4.2. Decision Variable and Constraints 207
6.4.3. Genetic Algorithm (GA) 207
6.5. Cost Analysis 209
6.6. Analysis Of Polygeneration Process in an HSB Thermal Power Plant for Power, Cooling, and Desalination 211
6.7. Optimization of the Polygeneration System 216
6.8. Cost Analysis of a Polygeneration System 220
Exercise 224
References 226
Appendix 1 231
Nomenclature 231
Greek 233
Subscripts 233
Acronyms 234
Appendix 2. 237
EES Software Coding 237
Appendix 3. 253
Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ) with Answers. 253
Answers 274
About the Author 275
Index 277
