Describes the most common imaging technologies and their diagnostic applications so that pharmacists and other health professionals, as well as imaging researchers, can understand and interpret medical imaging science
This book guides pharmacists and other health professionals and researchers to understand and interpret medical imaging. Divided into two sections, it covers both fundamental principles and clinical applications. It describes the most common imaging technologies and their use to diagnose diseases. In addition, the authors introduce the emerging role of molecular imaging including PET in the diagnosis of cancer and to assess the effectiveness of cancer treatments. The book features many illustrations and discusses many patient case examples.
Medical Imaging for Health Professionals: Technologies and Clinical Applications offers in-depth chapters explaining the basic principles of: X-Ray, CT, and Mammography Technology; Nuclear Medicine Imaging Technology; Radionuclide Production and Radiopharmaceuticals; Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Technology; and Ultrasound Imaging Technology. It also provides chapters written by expert radiologists in well-explained terminology discussing clinical applications including: Cardiac Imaging; Lung Imaging; Breast Imaging; Endocrine Gland Imaging; Abdominal Imaging; Genitourinary Tract Imaging; Imaging of the Head, Neck, Spine and Brain; Musculoskeletal Imaging; and Molecular Imaging with Positron Emission Tomography (PET).
- Teaches pharmacists, health professionals, and researchers the basics of medical imaging technology
- Introduces all of the customary imaging tools - X-ray, CT, ultrasound, MRI, SPECT, and PET - and describes their diagnostic applications
- Explains how molecular imaging aids in cancer diagnosis and in assessing the effectiveness of cancer treatments
- Includes many case examples of imaging applications for diagnosing common diseases
Medical Imaging for Health Professionals: Technologies and Clinical Applications is an important resource for pharmacists, nurses, physiotherapists, respiratory therapists, occupational therapists, radiological or nuclear medicine technologists, health physicists, radiotherapists, as well as researchers in the imaging field.
Table of Contents
Preface xxi
Acknowledgments xxiii
1 Introduction to Medical Imaging 2
Raymond M. Reilly
1.1 Medical Imaging Procedures 2
1.2 Radiation Doses from Medical Imaging Procedures 4
1.3 Summary 8
References 9
2 X‐Ray, CT, and Mammography Technology 11
Raymond M. Reilly
2.1 Introduction 11
2.2 X‐Rays 11
2.3 Radiography 15
2.4 Computed Tomography 16
2.5 Mammography 23
2.6 Summary 25
References 26
Additional Reading 26
3 Nuclear Medicine Imaging Technology 27
Raymond M. Reilly
3.1 Introduction 27
3.2 Scintillation Detectors 28
3.3 The Gamma Camera 31
3.4 Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography 37
3.5 Positron Emission Tomography 38
3.6 Multimodality Imaging - SPECT/CT, PET/CT, and PET/MR 41
3.7 Summary 42
References 42
4 Radionuclide Production and Radiopharmaceuticals 46
Noor Al‐saden and Raymond M. Reilly
4.1 Introduction 46
4.2 Production of Radionuclides 47
4.3 Radiopharmaceutical Preparation and Supply 57
4.4 Radiopharmaceuticals for Cardiac Imaging 58
4.5 Radiopharmaceuticals for Tumor Imaging 63
4.6 Radiopharmaceuticals for Brain/CNS Imaging 70
4.7 Radiopharmaceuticals for Renal Imaging 74
4.8 Radiopharmaceuticals for Hepatobiliary Imaging 76
4.9 Radiopharmaceuticals for Bone Imaging 77
4.10 Radiopharmaceuticals for Lung Imaging 79
4.11 Radiopharmaceuticals for Thyroid/Parathyroid Imaging 80
4.12 Radiopharmaceuticals for Imaging Infection/Inflammation 83
4.14 Summary 85
Reference 85
Additional Reading 85
5 Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Technology 87
Raymond M. Reilly
5.1 Introduction 87
5.2 Principles of MRI 87
5.3 Components of the MRI System 98
5.4 MRI Safety Considerations 100
5.5 MRI Contrast Agents 102
5.6 Summary 104
References 105
Additional Reading 105
6 Ultrasound Imaging Technology 107
Raymond M. Reilly
6.1 Principles of Ultrasound Imaging 107
6.2 Doppler US 111
6.3 US Contrast Agents 112
6.4 Summary 113
References 113
Additional Reading 113
7 Cardiac Imaging 117
Laura Jimenez‐Juan, Shaheeda Ahmed, and Katherine Zukotynski
7.1 Introduction 117
7.2 Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging (CMR) 117
7.3 Cardiovascular MRI Techniques 118
7.4 Echocardiography 129
7.5 Nuclear Cardiology 133
7.6 Summary 140
References 140
8 Lung Imaging 146
Anastasia Oikonomou
8.1 Introduction 146
8.2 Chest Radiograph - Projections 146
8.3 Normal Findings in a Chest X‐Ray 148
8.4 Normal Findings in a Chest CT 155
8.5 Pneumonia 158
8.6 Tuberculosis 159
8.7 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 163
8.8 Pleural Effusion 167
8.9 Pneumothorax 169
8.10 Pulmonary Embolism 170
8.11 Solitary Pulmonary Nodule 172
8.12 Lung Cancer 176
8.13 Summary 178
References 180
9 Breast Imaging 186
Hemi Dua and Jagbir Khinda
9.1 Introduction 186
9.2 Risk Factors for Breast Cancer 186
9.3 Guidelines for Breast Cancer Screening 187
9.4 Breast Anatomy 189
9.5 Imaging Techniques 191
9.6 Mammography 191
9.7 Ultrasound Imaging 197
9.8 Breast MRI 198
9.9 PEM and Breast‐Specific Gamma Camera Imaging 202
9.10 Contrast‐Enhanced Spectral Mammography 202
9.11 The ABCs of Breast Imaging - Image Interpretation 203
9.12 BI‐RADS Assessment Categories 209
9.13 Image‐Guided Breast Intervention 209
9.14 Extramammary Staging 219
9.15 Breast Lymphoscintigraphy 220
9.16 Summary 220
References 220
10 Endocrine Gland Imaging 225
Katerina Mastrocostas, Kim May Lam, Shereen Ezzat, and Sangeet Ghai
10.1 Introduction 225
10.2 The Thyroid Gland 225
10.3 Thyroid Hormone Diseases 227
10.4 Thyroid Cancer 240
10.5 The Parathyroid Glands 244
10.6 The Adrenal Glands 249
10.7 Mass Lesions of the Adrenal Cortex 250
10.8 Mass Lesions of the Adrenal Medulla 253
10.9 Other Neuroendocrine Diseases 255
10.10 Summary 259
Additional Reading 260
11 Abdominal Imaging 264
Vivek Singh and Chirag Patel
11.1 Introduction 264
11.2 Surgical Sieve 265
11.3 Peritoneum/Mesentery 265
11.4 Acute Peritoneal Pathologies 266
11.5 Gastrointestinal Tract 270
11.6 Inflammatory Bowel Disease 279
11.7 Colorectal Adenocarcinoma 282
11.8 Hepatic System 287
11.9 Diffuse Hepatic Disease 289
11.10 Focal Hepatic Disease 292
11.11 Biliary Tract 300
11.12 Gallbladder 301
11.13 Bile Ducts 304
11.14 Pancreas 306
11.15 Spleen/Lymph Nodes 313
11.16 Summary 316
Reference 317
Additional Reading 317
12 Genitourinary Tract Imaging 320
Sarah Johnson
12.1 Introduction 320
12.2 GU System Imaging Modalities 321
12.3 Evaluation of the Kidneys and Collecting Systems 328
12.4 Bladder and Urethra 343
12.5 Testicles 345
12.6 Prostate 348
12.7 Female Genitourinary Tract 350
12.8 Pediatric Genitourinary Tract 360
12.9 Summary 364
References 364
13 Imaging of the Head, Neck, Spine, and Brain 371
Laila Alshafai, Eugene Yu, and Sylvain Houle
13.1 Introduction 371
13.2 Imaging the Skull and Brain 372
13.4 Imaging the Head and Neck 390
13.5 PET and SPECT Neuroimaging 396
13.6 Summary 401
References 401
14 Musculoskeletal Imaging 404
Rakesh Mohankumar and Ali Naraghi
14.1 Introduction 404
14.2 Plain Radiography (X‐rays) 404
14.3 Computed Tomography 408
14.4 Magnetic Resonance Imaging 411
14.5 Ultrasound 413
14.6 Applications of Musculoskeletal Imaging 415
14.7 Summary 435
Additional Reading 435
15 Molecular Imaging with Positron Emission Tomography 439
Ur Metser, Noam Tau, and Amit Singnurkar
15.1 Introduction 439
15.2 PET Probes Including 18F‐FDG 440
15.3 18F‐FDG PET in Oncology 442
15.4 18F‐FDG PET in Non‐Oncology Indications 453
15.5 Overview of Other PET Radiopharmaceuticals 460
15.6 Multimodal Imaging - PET/CT Versus PET/MR 468
15.7 Summary 470
References 470
Index 485
