For centuries, legumes have been used as pulses or grains serving as the most critical sources of major protein/oil-producing crops for both human and animal consumption, and for providing raw materials for industrial processing. They are highly valued as soil-building crops, improving soil quality through their beneficial involvement in biological nitrogen fixation, a symbiotic partnership with rhizobia.
Advances in Legume Research: Physiological Responses and Genetic Improvement for Stress Resistance serves as a unique source of information on the distinct aspects of basic and applied legume research for general readers, students, academics, and researchers. The book gives several insights on the morphological, physiological, and genetic responses to stresses via 8 concise chapters covering all aspects of legume growth, utilization, and improvement.
The included chapters present research findings and succinct reviews concerning the strides continuously made in the improvement of legumes against biotic and abiotic stress factors. This comprehensive new legume reference book disseminates key information pertaining to genetic diversity, conservation, cultivation, manipulation through mutagenic techniques, plant transformation, and other breeding technologies. The book, therefore, continues to build on the need to acquire new knowledge about legume crops and ways to improve their existing agricultural yield for a sustainable and secure food market.
Table of Contents
Chapter 1
- Breeding of Legumes for Stress Resistance
- The Legume (Fabaceae)
- Domestication of Grain Legumes
- Growth, Yield and Stress
- Breeding Opportunities for Specific Adaptations
- Breeding of Legumes for Abiotic Stress
- Breeding for Salinity Stress Tolerance
- Breeding for Temperature Stress Tolerance (Heat and Chilling Stress)
- Breeding of Legumes for Biotic Stress Resistance
- Breeding for Insect Pests
- Breeding for Pathogen Resistance
- Available Improvement Strategies and Techniques
- Transgenics
- Mutagenesis
- Marker-Assisted Selection (Mas)
- Quantitative Trait Loci (Qlt)
- List of Abbreviations
- Consent for Publication
- Conflict of Interest
- Acknowledgements
- References
Chapter 2
- Genetic Diversity, Conservation and Cultivation of Grain
- Legumes
- Introduction
- Distribution and Diversity of Legumes
- Phaseolus Vulgaris
- Cicer Arietinum
- Cajanus Cajan
- Vigna Radiata
- Vigna Unguiculata
- Vicia Faba
- Pisum Sativum
- Lens Culinaris
- Glycine Max
- Legumes Conservation and Perspectives
- Conclusion
- List of Abbreviations
- Consent for Publication
- Conflict of Interest
- Acknowledgements
- References
- Phetole Mangena
- Phetole Mangena, Samuel Tebogo Posie Peta and Arinao Mukatuni
Chapter 3
- Determination of Drought Stress Tolerance Using
- Morphological and Physiological Markers in Soybean
- (Glycine Max L.)
- Introduction
- Strategies to Improve Crop Productivity Under Dry Land and Rainfed
- Cultivation
- Double or Intercropping
- Tillage
- Conventional Plant Breeding
- Plant Biotechnology
- Adaptation of Plants to Drought Stress
- Morphological Adaptations
- Physiological Adaptations
- Chlorophyll Content
- Production of Antioxidants (Non-Enzymatic Mechanism)
- Soybean Total Phenolics and Total Flavonoids
- Antioxidant Activity of Selected Soybean Genotypes
- Enzymatic Radical Scavenging Mechanisms
- Ureides Production
- Histological Examination of Leaves, Petioles, Roots and Nodules 54
- Histological Analysis in Roots
- Leaf and Petiole Anatomy
- Nodulation
- Conclusion and Future Prospects
- List of Abbreviations
- Consent for Publication
- Conflict of Interest
- Acknowledgements
- References
Chapter 4
- Effect of Liquid Maxiflo (Azospirillum Spp.) and Trykoside
- (Trichoderma Spp.) on the Growth and Yield of Pisum Sativum L.
- And Other Selected Vegetables
- Introduction
- Cultivation and Economic Importance of Pisum Sativum
- Other Selected Vegetable Crops
- Cabbage (Brassica Oleracea)
- Lettuce (Lactuca Sativa)
- Wheat (Triticum Aestivum)
- Potato (Solanum Tuberosum)
- Tomato (Lycopersicon Esculentum)
- Use of Plant Extracts as Bio-Stimulants
- Trichoderma Species and Their Potential Application in Agriculture
- Azospirillum Species and Their Potential Application in Agriculture
- Current Trends in Crop Growth and Yield Improvement
- Effect of Liquid Maxiflo and Trykoside on Pea Growth and Yield 76
- Yield Components
- Growth Analysis of Other Grain and Vegetable Crops
- Cabbage
- Lettuce
- Paseka Tritieth Mabulwana and Phatlane William Mokwala
- Nwagu Rodney Mashamba
- Potato
- Tomato
- Wheat
- Final Considerations
- Conclusion
- List of Abbreviations
- Consent for Publication
- Conflict of Interest
- Acknowledgements
- References
Chapter 5
- Effect of Ems-Based Mutagenesis on Growth and Yield
- Response in Tepary Bean (Phaseolus Acutifolius)
- Introduction
- Origin and Distribution of Tepary Bean
- Biology of Tepary Bean
- The Importance of Tepary Bean
- Mutation Breeding
- Types and Mechanisms of Mutagens
- Morphological and Yield Traits
- Effects of Ems on Growth and Yield of Tepary Bean
- The Influence of Ems on Yield
- Use of Mutagenesis for Development of Stress Tolerance
- Cultivars
- Conclusion and Future Prospects
- List of Abbreviations
- Consent for Publication
- Conflict of Interest
- Acknowledgements
- References
Chapter 6
- Effect of Drought Stress on Soybean Nodule Proteomes And
- Expression of Cysteine Proteases
- Introduction
- Economic Importance of Soybean
- Proteomic Approach for Soybean Crop Improvement
- Cysteine Proteases
- Senescence in Nodulated Plants
- Cystatin Expression as a Tool to Understand Cysteine Protease Involvement in Senescence 118
- Recommendations for Delaying Senescence Through Targeting
- Cysteine Proteases
- Conclusion
- List of Abbreviations
- Consent for Publication
- Conflict of Interest
- Acknowledgements
- References
- Andries Thangwana and Phetole Mangena
- Phumzile Mkhize
- Introduction
- Importance of Cowpea
- Distribution and Production
- Stress Resistance
- Biotic Stress
- Abiotic Stress
- Effects of Drought Stress on Cowpea
- Effects of Heat Stress on Cowpea
- Effects of Low Soil Fertility on Cowpea
- Cowpea Breeding
- Genomic Resources for Cowpea
- Biotechnological Approach
- Summary and Future Prospects
- List of Abbreviations
- Consent for Publication
- Conflict of Interest
- Acknowledgements
Author
- Phetole Mangena
