Executive Summary
Global Coffee Market was valued at USD 465.9 billion in the year 2020 backed by increase in the number of buyers demanding certified coffee products by the consumers. The market is mostly driven by Europe with higher per capita consumption and a move towards the culture of premium coffee. The Asian market is huge in volume, but the substitute tea is more in demand. The café culture in European countries and ever-increasing number of coffee shops across Northern America, Southern America, Asia And Oceania are escalating the global market. Furthermore, customers are becoming more aware of the quality and provenance of the coffee in their cup.
Also, the coffee market has a developing purchaser base of individuals hoping to change from caffeinated Soluble or Instant Coffee to espresso refreshments with an end goal to get over the unhealthy and sugar content in conventional caffeinated drinks. All these factors are anticipated to infuse growth in the market for Coffee during the forecast period of 2021-2026.
Under the Coffee Bean segment, Roasted Arabica beans occupies the large space in coffee market as it provides a sweet, yet soft taste with low acidity levels. Arabica coffee beans are highly preferred by the coffee product market players due to its soft taste. On the basis of Product segment, the Soluble or Instant Coffee segment held the largest market share during the historical period. The factors such as quality, proficiency, and different decisions offered in a solitary serving of espresso are answerable for the market development. Besides, customers are eager to buy convenient coffee pods, RTD Beverages are bolstering market growth.
On the basis of Distribution Channel, Offline segment holds the highest market share including supermarkets, convenience stores, cafes and local coffee shops. Americas is expected to show decent growth of coffee consumption due to increase in installation of coffee machines, single brewing systems and an increasing number of coffee bars, across the United States. Furthermore, rising demand for ready to drink coffee, capsules and coffee pods are developing the coffee market. Further, the region is anticipated to register substantial growth in both volume and market value during the forecast period owing to rapidly growing coffee shop culture, fresh-ground coffee pods and capsules. Furthermore, Asia Pacific is supposed to be the quickest developing Coffee market. Factors such as the rising disposable income, rising coffee culture, increase in the number of cafes, augmented demand for premium café are the significant driver for the market development.
Scope of the Report
- The report analyses Coffee Market By Value and By Volume.
- The report analyses Coffee Market By Coffee Beans (Arabica, Robusta).
- The report assesses the Coffee Market By Product (Coffee Pod and Capsules, Soluble or Instant Coffee, Whole Bean, Ready to Drink).
- The report assesses the Coffee Market By Distribution Channel (Online Platform, Offline Platform).
- The Global Coffee Market has been analysed By Region (Americas, Europe, Asia Pacific) and By Country (US, Canada, Norway, UK, Switzerland, Netherlands, South Korea, India, Australia, Japan)
- The key insights of the report have been presented through the attractiveness of the market has been presented By Coffee Beans, By Product, By Distribution Channel and Region. Additionally, the major opportunities, trends, drivers and challenges of the industry has been analysed in the report.
- The companies analysed in the report include Nestle, JM Smucker Company, The Kraft Heinz Company, Starbucks Corporation, Keurig Dr. Pepper, F. Gaviña and Sons, Inc., JDE Peet’s, AMT Coffee Ltd, Lavazza and Trung Nguyen.
- The report presents the analysis of Coffee market for the historical period of 2016-2020 and the forecast period of 2021-2026.
Key Target Audience
- Coffee Producers and Retailers
- Consulting and Advisory Firms
- Government and Policy Makers
- Investment Banks and Equity Firms
- Regulatory Authorities
Table of Contents
1. Report Scope and Methodology1.1 Scope of the Report
1.2 Research Methodology
1.3 Executive Summary
2. Strategic Recommendations
3. Global Coffee Market: Product Outlook
4. Global Coffee Market: Sizing and Forecast
4.1 Market Size, By Value, Year 2016-2026
4.2 Market Size, By Volume, Year 2016-2026
5. Global Coffee Market Segmentation By Coffee Beans (By Value)
5.1 Competitive Scenario of Global Coffee Market - By Coffee Beans (2020 & 2026)
5.2 Robusta - Market Size and Forecast (2020-2025)
5.3 Arabica- Market Size and Forecast (2020-2025)
6. Global Coffee Market Segmentation By Product (By Value)
6.1 Competitive Scenario of Global Coffee - By Product (2020 & 2026)
6.2 Coffee Pod and Capsules- Market Size and Forecast (2020-2025)
6.3 Soluble or Instant Coffee- Market Size and Forecast (2020-2025)
6.4 Whole Beans - Market Size and Forecast (2020-2025)
6.5 Ready to Drink- Market Size and Forecast (2020-2025)
7. Global Coffee Market Segmentation By Distribution Channel (By Value)
7.1 Competitive Scenario of Global Coffee - By Distribution Channel (2020 & 2026)
7.2 Online Platform- Market Size and Forecast (2020-2025)
7.3 Offline Platform- Market Size and Forecast (2020-2025)
8. Global Coffee Market: Regional Analysis
8.1 Competitive Scenario of Global Coffee Market: By Region (2020 & 2026)
9. Americas Coffee Market: Segmentation By Coffee Beans, By Product, By Distribution Channel (2020-2025)
9.1 Americas Coffee Market: By Value (2020-2025)
9.2 Americas Coffee Market: By Volume (2020-2025)
9.3 Americas Prominent Companies in Coffee Market
9.5 Market Segmentation By Coffee Beans (Robusta and Arabica)
9.6 Market Segmentation By Product (Coffee Pod and Capsules, Soluble or Instant Coffee, Whole Bean and Ready to Drink)
9.7 Market Segmentation By Distribution Channel (Online Platform and Offline Platform)
9.8 Americas Coffee Market: Country Analysis
9.9 Market Opportunity Chart of Americas Coffee Market - By Country, By Value (Year-2024)
9.10 Competitive Scenario of Americas Coffee Market: By Country (2020 & 2026)
9.11 United States Coffee Market: Size and Forecast (2020-2025)
9.12 United States Coffee Market Segmentation By Coffee Beans, By Product, By Distribution Channel(2020-2025)
9.13 Canada Coffee Market: Size and Forecast (2020-2025)
9.14 Canada Coffee Market Segmentation By Coffee Beans, By Product and By Distribution Channel(2020-2025)
9.15 Brazil Coffee Market: Size and Forecast (2020-2025)
9.16 Brazil Coffee Market Segmentation By Coffee Beans, By Product and By Distribution Channel(2020-2025)
10. Europe Coffee Market: Segmentation By Coffee Beans, By Product, By Distribution Channel(2020-2025)
10.1 Europe Coffee Market: By Value (2020-2025)
10.2 Europe Coffee Market: By Volume (2020-2025)
10.3 Europe Prominent Companies in Coffee Market
10.4 Market Segmentation By Coffee Beans (Robusta and Arabica)
10.5 Market Segmentation By Product (Coffee Pod and Capsules, Soluble or Instant Coffee, Whole Bean and Ready to Drink)
10.6 Market Segmentation By Distribution Channel (Online Platform and Offline Platform)
10.7 Europe Coffee Market: Country Analysis
10.8 Market Opportunity Chart of Europe Coffee Market - By Country, By Value (Year-2024)
10.9 Competitive Scenario of Europe Coffee Market: By Country (2020 & 2026)
10.10 Russia Coffee Market: Size and Forecast (2020-2025) 10.11 Russia Coffee Market Segmentation By Coffee Beans, By Product, By Distribution Channel(2020-2025)
10.12 Norway Coffee Market: Size and Forecast (2020-2025)
10.13 Norway Coffee Market Segmentation By Coffee Beans, By Product, By Distribution Channel(2020-2025)
10.14 Switzerland Coffee Market: Size and Forecast (2020-2025)
10.15 Switzerland Coffee Market Segmentation By Coffee Beans, By Product, By Distribution Channel(2020-2025)
10.16 Netherlands Coffee Market: Size and Forecast (2020-2025)
10.17 Netherlands Coffee Market Segmentation By Coffee Beans, By Product, By Distribution Channel(2020-2025)
11. Asia Pacific Coffee Market: Segmentation By Coffee Beans, By Product, By Distribution Channel(2020-2025)
11.1 Asia PacificEurope Coffee Market: By Value (2020-2025)
11.2 Asia Pacific Coffee Market: By Volume (2020-2025)
11.3 Asia Pacific Prominent Companies in Coffee Market
11.4 Market Segmentation By Coffee Beans (Robusta and Arabica)
11.5 Market Segmentation By Product (Coffee Pod and Capsules, Soluble or Instant Coffee, Whole Bean and Ready to Drink)
11.6 Market Segmentation By Distribution Channel (Online Platform and Offline Platform)
11.7 Asia Pacific Coffee Market: Country Analysis
11.8 Market Opportunity Chart of Asia Pacific Coffee Market - By Country, By Value (Year-2024)
11.9 Competitive Scenario of Asia Pacific Coffee Market: By Country (2020 & 2026)
11.10 South Korea Coffee Market: Size and Forecast (2020-2025)
11.11 South Korea Coffee Market Segmentation By Coffee Beans, By Product, By Distribution Channel(2020-2025)
11.12 Australia Coffee Market: Size and Forecast (2020-2025)
11.13 Australia Coffee Market Segmentation By Coffee Beans, By Product, By Distribution Channel(2020-2025)
11.14 Japan Coffee Market: Size and Forecast (2020-2025)
11.15 Japan Coffee Market Segmentation By Coffee Beans, By Product, By Distribution Channel(2020-2025)
12. Global Coffee Market Dynamics
12.1 Global Coffee Market Drivers
12.2 Global Coffee Market Restraints
12.3 Global Coffee Market Trends
13. Market Attractiveness
13.1 Market Attractiveness Chart of Global Coffee Market - By Coffee Beans (Year 2026)
13.2 Market Attractiveness Chart of Global Coffee Market - By Product (Year 2026)
13.3. Market Attractiveness Chart of Global Coffee Market - By Distribution Channel (Year 2026)
13.4 Market Attractiveness Chart of Global Coffee Market - By Region, By Value, (Year-2024)
14. Competitive Analysis
14.1 Market Share Analysis
15. Company Profiles (Business Description, Financial Analysis, Business Strategy)
15.1 Nestle
15.2 JM Smucker Company
15.3 The Kraft Heinz Company
15.4 Starbucks Corporation
15.5 Keurig Dr. Pepper
15.6 F. Gaviña and Sons, Inc.
15.7 JDE Peet’s
15.8 AMT Coffee Ltd
15.9 Lavazza
15.10 Trung NguyenList of Figures
Figure 1: Global Coffee Market Size, By Value, 2016-2026 (USD Million)
Figure 2: Global Coffee Market Size, By Volume, 2016-2026 (in thousands per 60 kg)
Figure 3: Global Food Retail Market, By Value, 2015-2019 (In USD Billions)
Figure 4: Global Internet Users 2015-2019, (in Billions)
Figure 5: Global Internet Penetration, 2018 (In %)
Figure 6: Global Internet Users, By Region, 2019 (In %)
Figure 7: Global working population, 2014-2018 (In Billion)
Figure 8: Global Per Capita Income, 2014-2018 (In USD)
Figure 9: Global Number of Smartphone Users, 2014-2018, (In Billions)
Figure 10: Household Disposable Income Net Annual Growth Rate (%) 2018
Figure 11: Global Internet Users, By Region, 2016 & 2019 (Millions)
Figure 12: Worldwide Number of Individuals with Upper Middle Class income, 2014-2018 ( in Billions)
Figure 13: Worldwide Number of Individuals with Middle Class income, 2014-2018 (in Billions)
Figure 14: Global, Urban population (% of total population), 2015-2019
Figure 15: Global Coffee Market- By Coffee Beans (2020 & 2026)
Figure 16: Global Coffee Market- By Robusta, By Value (USD Million), 2016-2026
Figure 17: Global Coffee Market- By Arabica, By Value (USD Million), 2016-2026
Figure 18: Global Coffee Market- By Distribution Channel (2020 & 2026)
Figure 19: Global Coffee Market- By Coffee Pod and Capsules, By Value (USD Million), 2016-2026
Figure 20: Global Coffee Market- By Soluble or Instant Coffee, By Value (USD Million), 2016-2026
Figure 21: Global Coffee Market- By Whole Bean, By Value (USD Million), 2016-2026
Figure 22: Global Coffee Market- By Ready to Drink, By Value (USD Million), 2016-2026
Figure 23: Global Coffee Market- By Distribution Channel (2020 & 2026)
Figure 24: Global Coffee Market- By Online Platforms, By Value (USD Million), 2016-2026
Figure 25: Global Coffee Market- By Offline Platforms, By Value (USD Million), 2016-2026
Figure 26: Global Coffee Market- By Region (2020 & 2026)
Figure 27: Americas Coffee Market Size, By Value, 2016-2026 (USD Million)
Figure 28: Americas Coffee Market Size, By Volume, 2016-2026 (In thousands per 60 kg)
Figure 29: Internet Penetration in the American Region, 2019
Figure 30: Americas GDP per Capita, 2014-2018 (In USD)
Figure 31: Americas Gross domestic product, 2014-2018 (USD Trillion)
Figure 32: Americas Coffee Market- By Coffee Beans, By Value (USD Million), 2016-2026
Figure 33: Americas Coffee Market- By Product, By Value (USD Million), 2016-2026
Figure 34: Americas Coffee Market- By Distribution Channel, By Value (USD Million), 2016-2026
Figure 35: Market Opportunity Chart of Americas Coffee Market - By Country, By Value (Year-2026)
Figure 36: Americas Coffee Market- By Country (2020 & 2026)
Figure 37: United States Coffee Market Size, By Value, 2016-2026 (USD Million)
Figure 38: US Total Retail & Food Service Sales In USA 2015-2019 (In USD Trillion)
Figure 39: US, Online Grocery Sales, 2014-2018, (USD Billion)
Figure 40: United States Prevalence of Diabetes Type II, 2014-2017 (In Millions)
Figure 41: United States , GDP (In USD Trillion), 2015-2019
Figure 42: United States , Urban population (% of total population), 2015-2019
Figure 43: United States , Final consumption expenditure (current USD Trillion), 2015-2019
Figure 44: United States Coffee Market- By Coffee Beans, By Value (USD Million), 2016-2026
Figure 45: United States Coffee Market- By Product, By Value (USD Million), 2016-2026
Figure 46: United States Coffee Market- By Distribution Channel, By Value (USD Million), 2016-2026
Figure 47: Canada Coffee Market Size, By Value, 2016-2026 (USD Million)
Figure 48: Canada, Expenditure on Health as a share of GDP, 2012-2017 (in %)
Figure 49: Canada, Per Capita Healthcare Expenditure, 2012-2017 (USD)
Figure 50: Canada, Population ages 65 and above, 2012-2017 (% of total)
Figure 51: Canada Coffee Market- By Coffee Beans, By Value (USD Million), 2016-2026
Figure 52: Canada Coffee Market- By Product, By Value (USD Million), 2016-2026
Figure 53: Canada Coffee Market- By Distribution Channel, By Value (USD Million), 2016-2026
Figure 54: Brazil Coffee Market Size, By Value, 2016-2026 (USD Million)
Figure 55: Brazil , GDP (In USD Trillion), 2015-2019
Figure 56: Brazil , Urban population (% of total population), 2015-2019
Figure 57: Brazil, Final consumption expenditure (current USD Trillion), 2015-2019
Figure 58: Brazil Coffee Market- By Coffee Beans, By Value (USD Million), 2016-2026
Figure 59: Brazil Coffee Market- By Product, By Value (USD Million), 2016-2026
Figure 60: Brazil Coffee Market- By Distribution Channel, By Value (USD Million), 2016-2026
Figure 61: Europe Coffee Market Size, By Value, 2016-2026 (USD Million)
Figure 62: Europe Coffee Market Size, By Volume, 2016-2026 (In Thousands 60 Kg Bags)
Figure 63: Prevalence of Diabetes (Age 18+), 2017 & 2045E (In Million)
Figure 64: Diabetes Prevalence (% of population ages 20 to 79), By Select Country, 2017
Figure 65: Europe Population ages 65 years and above (% of total population), 2015-2019
Figure 66: European Union , GDP (In USD Trillion), 2015-2019
Figure 67: European Union , Urban population (% of total population), 2015-2019
Figure 68: European Union , Final consumption expenditure (current USD Trillion), 2015-2019
Figure 69: Europe Coffee Market- By Coffee Beans, By Value (USD Million), 2016-2026
Figure 70: Europe Coffee Market- By Product, By Value (USD Million), 2016-2026
Figure 71: Europe Coffee Market- By Distribution Channel, By Value (USD Million), 2016-2026
Figure 72: Market Opportunity Chart of Coffee Market - By Country, By Value (Year-2025)
Figure 73: Europe Coffee Market- By Country (2020 & 2026)
Figure 74: Russia Coffee Market Size, By Value, 2016-2026 (USD Million
Figure 75: Russia , GDP (In USD Trillion), 2015-2019
Figure 76: Russia , Urban population (% of total population), 2015-2019
Figure 77: Russia, Final consumption expenditure (current USD Trillion), 2015-2019
Figure 78: Russia Coffee Market- By Coffee Beans, By Value (USD Million), 2016-2026
Figure 79: Russia Coffee Market- By Product, By Value (USD Million), 2016-2026
Figure 80: Russia Coffee Market- By Distribution Channel, By Value (USD Million), 2016-2026
Figure 81: Norway Coffee Market Size, By Value, 2016-2026 (USD Million
Figure 82: Norway, GDP (In USD Trillion), 2015-2019
Figure 83: Norway, Urban population (% of total population), 2015-2019
Figure 84: Norway, Final consumption expenditure (current USD Trillion), 2015-2019
Figure 85: Norway Coffee Market- By Coffee Beans, By Value (USD Million), 2016-2026
Figure 86: Norway Coffee Market- By Product, By Value (USD Million), 2016-2026
Figure 87: Norway Coffee Market- By Product, By Distribution Channel (USD Million), 2016-2026
Figure 88: Switzerland Coffee Market Size, By Value, 2016-2026 (USD Million
Figure 89: Switzerland , GDP (In USD Trillion), 2015-2019
Figure 90: Switzerland , Urban population (% of total population), 2015-2019
Figure 91: Switzerland, Final consumption expenditure (current USD Trillion), 2015-2019
Figure 92: Switzerland Coffee Market- By Coffee Beans, By Value (USD Million), 2016-2026
Figure 93: Switzerland Coffee Market- By Product, By Value (USD Million), 2016-2026
Figure 94: Switzerland Coffee Market- By Distribution Channel, By Value (USD Million), 2016-2026
Figure 95: Netherlands Coffee Market Size, By Value, 2016-2026 (USD Million
Figure 96: Netherlands , GDP (In USD Trillion), 2015-2019
Figure 97: Netherlands , Urban population (% of total population), 2015-2019
Figure 98: Netherlands, Final consumption expenditure (current USD Trillion), 2015-2019
Figure 99: Netherlands Coffee Market- By Coffee Beans, By Value (USD Million), 2016-2026
Figure 100: Netherlands Coffee Market- By Product, By Value (USD Million), 2016-2026
Figure 101: Netherlands Coffee Market- By Product, By Distribution Channel (USD Million), 2016-2026
Figure 102: Asia Pacific Coffee Market Size, By Value, 2016-2026 (USD Million)
Figure 103: Asia Pacific Coffee Market Size, By Volume, 2016-2026 (In Thousands 60 Kg Bags)
Figure 104: Asia Pacific , GDP (In USD Trillion), 2015-2019
Figure 105: Asia Pacific , Urban population (% of total population), 2015-2019
Figure 106: Asia Pacific , Final consumption expenditure (current USD) 2015-2018
Figure 107: Asia Pacific Coffee Market- By Coffee Beans, By Value (USD Million), 2016-2026
Figure 108: Asia Pacific Coffee Market- By Product, By Value (USD Million), 2016-2026
Figure 109: Asia Pacific Coffee Market- By Distribution Channel, By Value (USD Million), 2016-2026
Figure 110: Market Opportunity Chart of Asia Pacific Coffee Market - By Country, By Value (Year-2025)
Figure 111: APAC Coffee Market Share- By Country: (2020 & 2026))
Figure 112: South Korea Coffee Market Size, By Value, 2016-2026 (USD Million)
Figure 113: South Korea, GDP (In USD Trillion), 2015-2019
Figure 114: South Korea, Urban population (% of total population), 2015-2019
Figure 115: South Korea, Final consumption expenditure (% of GDP)2015-2019
Figure 116: South Korea Coffee Market- By Coffee Beans, By Value (USD Million), 2016-2026
Figure 117: South Korea Coffee Market- By Product, By Value (USD Million), 2016-2026
Figure 118: South Korea Coffee Market- By Distribution Channel, By Value (USD Million), 2016-2026
Figure 119: Australia Coffee Market Size, By Value, 2016-2026 (USD Million)
Figure 120: Australia, GDP Growth Rate (Annual %), 2015-2019
Figure 121: Australia, Current Health Expenditure (% of GDP), 2015-2019
Figure 122: Australia Coffee Market- By Coffee Beans, By Value (USD Million), 2016-2026
Figure 123: Australia Coffee Market- By Product, By Value (USD Million), 2016-2026
Figure 124: Australia Coffee Market- By Distribution Channel, By Value (USD Million), 2016-2026
Figure 125: Japan Coffee Market Size, By Value, 2016-2026 (USD Million)
Figure 126: Japan Gross Domestic Product, 2014-2018 (USD Trillion)
Figure 127: Japan Per capita expenditure on Food Products, 2015-2019 (In USD)
Figure 128: Japan Population, 2014-2018, In Million)
Figure 129: Japan Urban population, 2014-2018, In Million)
Figure 130: Japan Coffee Market- By Coffee Beans, By Value (USD Million), 2016-2026
Figure 131: Japan Coffee Market- By Product, By Value (USD Million), 2016-2026
Figure 132: Japan Coffee Market- By Distribution Channel, By Value (USD Million), 2016-2026
Figure 133: Market Attractiveness Chart of Global Coffee Market - By Coffee Beans (Year-2026)
Figure 134: Market Attractiveness Chart of Global Coffee Market - By Product (Year-2026)
Figure 135: Market Attractiveness Chart of Global Coffee Market - By Distribution Channel (Year-2026)
Figure 136: Market Attractiveness Chart of Global Coffee Market - By Region, By Value, (Year-2024)
Figure 137: Market Share of global leaders in Coffee, By Company (%) (2019)
Figure 138: Nestle Sales, 2015-2019 (USD Millions)
Figure 139: Nestle Revenue, By Product, 2019 (in %)
Figure 140: Nestle, Revenue, By Region, 2019 (in %)
Figure 141: Nestle, Net Profit, 2015- 2019(USD Million)
Figure 142: Nestle, Revenue, By Geography, 2019 (in %)
Figure 143: JM Smucker Company, Net Sales, 2016-2020 (USD Millions)
Figure 144: JM Smucker Company, Revenue, By Business Segment, 2019 (in %)
Figure 145: JM Smucker Company, Net Profit, 2016- 2020(USD Million)
Figure 146: Smucker Company, Revenue, By Region, 2019 (in %)
Figure 147: The Kraft Heinz Company, Revenue, 2015-2019 (USD Millions)
Figure 148: The Kraft Heinz Company, Revenue By Geography, 2019 (in %)
Figure 149: The Kraft Heinz Company, Net income, 2015- 2019(USD Million)
Figure 150: The Kraft Heinz Company, Revenue By Geography, 2019 (in %)
Figure 151: Starbucks Corporation, Net Sales, 2016-2020 (USD Millions)
Figure 152: Starbucks Corporation, Revenue, By Business Segment, 2019 (in %)
Figure 153: Starbucks Corporation, Net Profit, 2016- 2020(USD Million)
Figure 154: Starbucks Corporation, Revenue, By Region, 2019 (in %)
Figure 155: Keurig Dr. Pepper, Revenue, 2015-2019 (USD Millions)
Figure 156: Keurig Dr. Pepper, Net income, 2015- 2019(USD Million)
Figure 157: Keurig Dr. Pepper, Revenue By Geography, 2019 (in %)
Figure 158: Keurig Dr. Pepper, Revenue By Segment, 2019 (in %)
Figure 159: JDE Peet’s, Net Sales, 2017-2019 (USD Millions)
Figure 160: JDE Peet’s, Revenue, By Business Segment, 2019 (in %)
Figure 161: JDE Peet’s, Net Profit, 2017- 2019 (USD Million)
Figure 162: JDE Peet’s, Revenue By Segment, 2019 (in %)List of Tables
Table A: Prominent Coffee companies operated in Americas Market
Table B: Prominent Coffee companies operating in Europe Market
Table C: Prominent Coffee companies operated in Asia Pacific Market
Companies Mentioned
- Nestle
- JM Smucker Company
- The Kraft Heinz Company
- Starbucks Corporation
- Keurig Dr. Pepper
- F. Gaviña and Sons Inc.
- JDE Peet’s
- AMT Coffee Ltd
- Lavazza
- Trung Nguyen.
