The Global Market for Graphene and 2D Materials 2024-2034

1.1 Advanced carbon materials
1.1.1 Types
1.1.2 Comparative analysis
1.2 Graphene and other 2D materials
1.3 Commercialization
1.4 The graphene market in 2023
1.5 Graphene market developments 2020-June 2023
1.6 Graphene funding and investments 2020-2023
1.7 Publicly listed graphene companies
1.8 Graphene global production capacities, in tons and by type
1.9 Global market in tons and revenues
1.9.1 By type of graphene material
1.9.2 Global graphene revenues, by market, 2018-2034
1.9.3 Global graphene production, tons, 2018-2034
1.9.4 Global graphene demand, by end user market to 2034
1.9.5 Graphene market, by region
1.9.5.1 Asia-Pacific
1.9.5.1.1 China
1.9.5.1.2 Main graphene producers in Asia-Pacific
1.9.5.2 North America
1.9.5.2.1 Main graphene producers in North America
1.9.5.3 Europe
1.9.5.3.1 Main graphene producers in Europe
1.10 Graphene products
1.11 Industrial collaborations and licence agreements
1.12 Graphene market challenges

2.1 History
2.2 Properties
2.3 Types of graphene
2.3.1 Graphene materials
2.3.1.1 CVD Graphene
2.3.1.1.1 Applications
2.3.1.2 Graphene nanoplatelets
2.3.1.3 Graphene oxide and reduced Graphene Oxide
2.3.1.4 Graphene quantum dots (GQDs)
2.3.1.4.1 Composition
2.3.1.4.2 Comparison to quantum dots
2.3.1.4.3 Properties
2.3.1.4.4 Synthesis
2.3.1.4.4.1 Top-down method
2.3.1.4.4.2 Bottom-up method
2.3.1.4.4.3 Comparison of synthesis methods
2.3.1.4.5 Applications
2.3.1.4.6 Markets for graphene quantum dots
2.3.1.4.6.1 Electronics and photonics
2.3.1.4.6.2 Energy storage and conversion
2.3.1.4.6.3 Sensors
2.3.1.4.6.4 Biomedicine and life sciences
2.3.1.4.6.5 Anti-counterfeiting
2.3.1.4.7 Challenges
2.3.1.4.8 Current and projected revenues
2.3.1.4.9 Pricing
2.3.1.4.10 Companies
2.3.2 Intermediate products
2.3.2.1 Graphene masterbatches
2.3.2.2 Graphene dispersions
2.4 Graphene production
2.4.1 Quality
2.4.2 Graphene production methods
2.5 Regulations
2.5.1 Environmental, health and safety regulation
2.5.1.1 Europe
2.5.1.2 United States
2.5.1.3 Asia-Pacific
2.5.2 Workplace exposure

4.1 Commercial production capacities
4.2 Graphene oxide and reduced Graphene Oxide production capacities
4.2.1 By producer
4.3 Graphene nanoplatelets production capacities
4.3.1 By producer
4.4 CVD graphene film
4.4.1 By producer
4.5 Graphene production issues and challenges
4.6 Graphene pricing 2023
4.6.1 Pristine graphene flakes pricing/CVD graphene
4.6.2 Few-Layer graphene pricing
4.6.3 Graphene nanoplatelets pricing
4.6.4 Graphene oxide (GO) and reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO) pricing
4.6.5 Multilayer graphene (MLG) pricing
4.6.6 Graphene ink
4.7 Graphene market players

5.1 BATTERIES
5.1.1 Market overview
5.1.1.1 Market drivers and trends
5.1.1.2 Applications
5.1.1.2.1 Applications roadmap to 2034
5.1.1.3 SWOT analysis
5.1.1.4 Global market
5.1.1.4.1 Revenues
5.1.1.4.2 Tons, 2018-2034
5.1.2 Market players
5.2 SUPERCAPACITORS
5.2.1 Market overview
5.2.1.1 Applications
5.2.1.1.1 Applications roadmap to 2034
5.2.1.2 SWOT analysis
5.2.1.3 Global market
5.2.1.3.1 Revenues
5.2.1.3.2 Tons
5.2.2 Market players
5.3 POLYMER ADDITIVES
5.3.1 Market overview
5.3.1.1 Applications
5.3.1.1.1 Applications roadmap to 2034
5.3.1.1.2 Applications
5.3.1.2 SWOT analysis
5.3.1.3 Global market
5.3.1.3.1 Revenues
5.3.1.3.2 Tons
5.3.2 Market players
5.4 SENSORS
5.4.1 Market overview
5.4.1.1 Applications
5.4.1.1.1 Applications roadmap to 2034
5.4.1.2 SWOT analysis
5.4.1.3 Global market
5.4.1.3.1 Revenues
5.4.1.3.2 Tons
5.4.2 Market players
5.5 CONDUCTIVE INKS
5.5.1 Market overview
5.5.1.1 Applications
5.5.1.1.1 Applications roadmap to 2034
5.5.1.2 SWOT analysis
5.5.1.3 Global market
5.5.1.3.1 Revenues
5.5.1.3.2 Tons
5.5.2 Market players
5.6 TRANSPARENT CONDUCTIVE FILMS AND DISPLAYS
5.6.1 Market outlook
5.6.1.1 Applications
5.6.1.1.1 Applications roadmap to 2034
5.6.1.2 SWOT analysis
5.6.1.3 Global market
5.6.1.3.1 Revenues
5.6.1.3.2 Tons
5.6.2 Market players
5.7 TRANSISTORS
5.7.1 Market overview
5.7.1.1 Applications
5.7.1.1.1 Applications roadmap to 2034
5.7.1.2 SWOT analysis
5.7.1.3 Global market
5.7.1.3.1 Revenues
5.7.1.3.2 Tons
5.7.2 Market players
5.8 FILTRATION MEMBRANES
5.8.1 Market overview
5.8.1.1 Applications
5.8.1.1.1 Applications roadmap to 2034
5.8.1.2 SWOT analysis
5.8.1.3 Global market
5.8.1.3.1 Revenues
5.8.1.3.2 Tons
5.8.2 Market players
5.9 THERMAL MANAGEMENT
5.9.1 Market overview
5.9.1.1 Applications
5.9.1.1.1 Applications roadmap to 2034
5.9.1.2 SWOT analysis
5.9.1.3 Global market
5.9.1.3.1 Revenues
5.9.1.3.2 Tons
5.9.2 Market players
5.10 ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING
5.10.1 Market overview
5.10.1.1 Applications
5.10.1.1.1 Applications roadmap to 2034
5.10.1.2 SWOT analysis
5.10.1.3 Global market
5.10.1.3.1 Revenues
5.10.1.3.2 Tons
5.10.2 Market players
5.11 ADHESIVES
5.11.1 Market overview
5.11.1.1 Applications
5.11.1.1.1 Applications roadmap to 2034
5.11.1.2 SWOT analysis
5.11.1.3 Global market
5.11.1.3.1 Revenues
5.11.1.3.2 Tons
5.11.2 Market players
5.12 AEROSPACE
5.12.1 Market overview
5.12.1.1 Applications
5.12.1.1.1 Applications roadmap to 2034
5.12.1.2 SWOT analysis
5.12.1.3 Global market
5.12.1.3.1 Revenues
5.12.1.3.2 Tons
5.12.2 Market players
5.13 AUTOMOTIVE
5.13.1 Market overview
5.13.1.1 Applications
5.13.1.1.1 Applications roadmap to 2034
5.13.1.2 SWOT analysis
5.13.1.3 Global market
5.13.1.3.1 Revenues
5.13.1.3.2 Tons
5.13.2 Market players
5.14 CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDINGS
5.14.1 Market overview
5.14.1.1 Applications
5.14.1.1.1 Cement
5.14.1.1.2 Asphalt bitumen
5.14.1.1.3 Aerogels
5.14.1.1.3.1 3D printed aerogels
5.14.1.1.3.2 Carbon-based aerogel composites
5.14.1.1.4 Applications roadmap to 2034
5.14.1.2 SWOT analysis
5.14.1.3 Global market
5.14.1.3.1 Revenues
5.14.1.3.2 Tons
5.14.2 Market players
5.15 MEMORY DEVICES
5.15.1 Market overview
5.15.1.1 Applications
5.15.1.1.1 Applications roadmap to 2034
5.15.1.2 SWOT analysis
5.15.1.3 Global market
5.15.1.3.1 Revenues
5.15.1.3.2 Tons
5.15.2 Market players
5.16 FUEL CELLS
5.16.1 Market overview
5.16.1.1 Applications
5.16.1.1.1 Applications roadmap to 2034
5.16.1.2 SWOT analysis
5.16.1.3 Global market
5.16.1.3.1 Revenues
5.16.1.3.2 Tons
5.16.2 Market players
5.17 BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE
5.17.1 Market overview
5.17.1.1 Applications
5.17.1.1.1 Applications roadmap to 2034
5.17.1.2 Drug delivery
5.17.1.3 Imaging and diagnostics
5.17.1.4 Implants
5.17.1.5 Medical biosensors
5.17.1.6 Woundcare
5.17.1.7 Medical wearables
5.17.1.8 Gene delivery
5.17.1.9 SWOT analysis
5.17.1.10 Global market
5.17.1.10.1 Revenues
5.17.1.10.2 Tons
5.17.2 Market players
5.18 LIGHTING
5.18.1 Market overview
5.18.1.1 Applications
5.18.1.1.1 Applications roadmap to 2034
5.18.1.2 SWOT analysis
5.18.1.3 Global market
5.18.1.3.1 Revenues
5.18.1.3.2 Tons
5.18.2 Market players
5.19 LUBRICANTS
5.19.1 Market overview
5.19.1.1 Applications
5.19.1.2 SWOT analysis
5.19.1.3 Global market
5.19.1.3.1 Revenues
5.19.1.3.2 Tons
5.19.2 Market players
5.20 OIL AND GAS
5.20.1 Market overview
5.20.1.1 Applications
5.20.1.1.1 Applications roadmap to 2034
5.20.1.2 SWOT analysis
5.20.1.3 Global market
5.20.1.3.1 Revenues
5.20.1.3.2 Tons
5.20.2 Market players
5.21 PAINTS AND COATINGS
5.21.1 Market overview
5.21.1.1 Applications
5.21.1.1.1 Applications roadmap to 2034
5.21.1.2 SWOT analysis
5.21.1.3 Global market
5.21.1.3.1 Revenues
5.21.1.3.2 Tons
5.21.2 Market players
5.22 PHOTONICS
5.22.1 Market overview
5.22.1.1 Applications
5.22.1.1.1 Applications roadmap to 2034
5.22.1.2 SWOT analysis
5.22.1.3 Global market
5.22.1.3.1 Revenues
5.22.1.3.2 Tons
5.22.2 Market players
5.23 PHOTOVOLTAICS
5.23.1 Market overview
5.23.1.1 Applications
5.23.2.1.1 Applications roadmap to 2034
5.23.1.2 SWOT analysis
5.23.1.3 Global market
5.23.1.3.1 Revenues
5.23.1.3.2 Tons
5.23.2 Market players
5.24 RUBBER AND TYRES
5.24.1 Market overview
5.24.1.1 Applications
5.24.1.1.1 Applications roadmap to 2034
5.24.1.2 SWOT analysis
5.24.1.3 Global market
5.24.1.3.1 Revenues
5.24.1.3.2 Tons
5.24.2 Market players
5.25 TEXTILES AND APPAREL
5.25.1 Market outlook
5.25.1.1 Applications
5.25.1.1.1 Applications roadmap to 2034
5.25.1.2 SWOT analysis
5.25.1.3 Global market
5.25.1.3.1 Revenues
5.25.1.3.2 Tons
5.25.2 Market players
5.26 OTHER MARKETS
5.26.1 Audio equipment
5.26.2 Sporting goods and apparel
5.26.3 Carbon capture and utilization
5.26.3.1 CO2 utilization pathways
5.26.3.2 Carbon storage
5.26.3.2.1.1 Passive storage
5.26.3.2.1.2 Enhanced oil recovery
5.26.3.3 Transporting CO2
5.26.3.3.1 Methods of CO2 transport
5.26.3.3.1.1 Pipeline
5.26.3.3.1.2 Ship
5.26.3.3.1.3 Road
5.26.3.3.1.4 Rail
5.26.3.3.1.5 Safety
5.26.3.4 Costs
5.26.3.5 Market map
5.26.3.6 Point-source carbon capture for blue hydrogen
5.26.3.6.1 Transportation
5.26.3.6.2 Global point source CO2 capture capacities
5.26.3.6.3 By source
5.26.3.6.4 By endpoint
5.26.3.6.5 Main carbon capture processes
5.26.3.6.5.1 Materials
5.26.3.6.5.2 Post-combustion
5.26.3.6.5.3 Oxy-fuel combustion
5.26.3.6.5.4 Liquid or supercritical CO2: Allam-Fetvedt Cycle
5.26.3.6.5.5 Pre-combustion
5.26.3.7 Carbon utilization
5.26.3.7.1 Benefits of carbon utilization
5.26.3.7.2 Market challenges
5.26.3.7.3 Co2 utilization pathways

8.1 Comparative analysis of graphene and other 2D materials
8.2 2D MATERIALS PRODUCTION METHODS
8.2.1 Top-down exfoliation
8.2.1.1 Mechanical exfoliation method
8.2.1.2 Liquid exfoliation method
8.2.2 Bottom-up synthesis
8.2.2.1 Chemical synthesis in solution
8.2.2.2 Chemical vapor deposition
8.3 TYPES OF 2D MATERIALS
8.3.1 Hexagonal boron-nitride (h-BN)/Boron nitride nanosheets (BNNSs)
8.3.1.1 Properties
8.3.1.2 Applications and markets
8.3.1.2.1 Electronics
8.3.1.2.2 Fuel cells
8.3.1.2.3 Adsorbents
8.3.1.2.4 Photodetectors
8.3.1.2.5 Textiles
8.3.1.2.6 Biomedical
8.3.2 MXenes
8.3.2.1 Properties
8.3.2.2 Applications
8.3.2.2.1 Catalysts
8.3.2.2.2 Hydrogels
8.3.2.2.3 Energy storage devices
8.3.2.2.3.1 Supercapacitors
8.3.2.2.3.2 Batteries
8.3.2.2.3.3 Gas Separation
8.3.2.2.4 Liquid Separation
8.3.2.2.5 Antibacterials
8.3.3 Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMD)
8.3.3.1 Properties
8.3.3.1.1 Molybdenum disulphide (MoS2)
8.3.3.1.2 Tungsten ditelluride (WTe2)
8.3.3.2 Applications
8.3.3.2.1 Electronics
8.3.3.2.2 Optoelectronics
8.3.3.2.3 Biomedical
8.3.3.2.4 Piezoelectrics
8.3.3.2.5 Sensors
8.3.3.2.6 Filtration
8.3.3.2.7 Batteries and supercapacitors
8.3.3.2.8 Fiber lasers
8.3.4 Borophene
8.3.4.1 Properties
8.3.4.2 Applications
8.3.4.2.1 Energy storage
8.3.4.2.2 Hydrogen storage
8.3.4.2.3 Sensors
8.3.4.2.4 Electronics
8.3.5 Phosphorene/ Black phosphorus
8.3.5.1 Properties
8.3.5.2 Applications
8.3.5.2.1 Electronics
8.3.5.2.2 Field effect transistors
8.3.5.2.3 Thermoelectrics
8.3.5.2.4 Batteries
8.3.5.2.4.1 Lithium-ion batteries (LIB)
8.3.5.2.4.2 Sodium-ion batteries
8.3.5.2.4.3 Lithium-sulfur batteries
8.3.5.2.5 Supercapacitors
8.3.5.2.6 Photodetectors
8.3.5.2.7 Sensors
8.3.6 Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4)
8.3.6.1 Properties
8.3.6.2 C2N
8.3.6.3 Applications
8.3.6.3.1 Electronics
8.3.6.3.2 Filtration membranes
8.3.6.3.3 Photocatalysts
8.3.6.3.4 Batteries
8.3.6.3.5 Sensors
8.3.7 Germanene
8.3.7.1 Properties
8.3.7.2 Applications
8.3.7.2.1 Electronics
8.3.7.2.2 Batteries
8.3.8 Graphdiyne
8.3.8.1 Properties
8.3.8.2 Applications
8.3.8.2.1 Electronics
8.3.8.2.2 Batteries
8.3.8.2.2.1 Lithium-ion batteries (LIB)
8.3.8.2.2.2 Sodium ion batteries
8.3.8.2.3 Separation membranes
8.3.8.2.4 Water filtration
8.3.8.2.5 Photocatalysts
8.3.8.2.6 Photovoltaics
8.3.8.2.7 Gas separation
8.3.9 Graphane
8.3.9.1 Properties
8.3.9.2 Applications
8.3.9.2.1 Electronics
8.3.9.2.2 Hydrogen storage
8.3.10 Rhenium disulfide (ReS2) and diselenide (ReSe2)
8.3.10.1 Properties
8.3.10.2 Applications
8.3.11 Silicene
8.3.11.1 Properties
8.3.11.2 Applications
8.3.11.2.1 Electronics
8.3.11.2.2 Thermoelectrics
8.3.11.2.3 Batteries
8.3.11.2.4 Sensors
8.3.11.2.5 Biomedical
8.3.12 Stanene/tinene
8.3.12.1 Properties
8.3.12.2 Applications
8.3.12.2.1 Electronics
8.3.13 Antimonene
8.3.13.1 Properties
8.3.13.2 Applications
8.3.14 Indium selenide
8.3.14.1 Properties
8.3.14.2 Applications
8.3.14.2.1 Electronics
8.3.15 Layered double hydroxides (LDH)
8.3.15.1 Properties
8.3.15.2 Applications
8.3.15.2.1 Adsorbents
8.3.15.2.2 Catalyst
8.3.15.2.3 Sensors
8.3.15.2.4 Electrodes
8.3.15.2.5 Flame Retardants
8.3.15.2.6 Biosensors
8.3.15.2.7 Tissue engineering
8.3.15.2.8 Anti-Microbials
8.3.15.2.9 Drug Delivery
8.4 2D MATERIALS PRODUCER AND SUPPLIER PROFILES (19 company profiles)

Table 1. Types of advanced carbon materials
Table 2. Graphene market developments 2020-June 2023
Table 3. Graphene funding and investments 2020-2023
Table 4. Publicly listed graphene companies
Table 5. Main graphene producers by country, annual production capacities, types and main markets they sell to
Table 6. Global graphene demand by type of graphene material, 2018-2034 (tons)
Table 7. Global graphene revenues, by market, 2018-2034 (Millions USD)
Table 8. Global graphene production, tons, 2018-2034
Table 9. Global graphene revenues, by region, 2018-2034 (Millions USD)
Table 10. Global graphene demand, by region, 2018-2034 (Tons)
Table 11. Main graphene producers in North America
Table 12. Main graphene producers in Europe
Table 13. Commercial products incorporating graphene
Table 14. Graphene industrial collaborations, licence agreements and target markets
Table 15. Graphene market challenges
Table 16. Properties of graphene, properties of competing materials, applications thereof
Table 17. Applications of GO and rGO
Table 18. Comparison of graphene QDs and semiconductor QDs
Table 19. Advantages and disadvantages of methods for preparing GQDs
Table 20. Applications of graphene quantum dots
Table 21. Markets and applications for graphene quantum dots in electronics and photonics
Table 22. Markets and applications for graphene quantum dots in energy storage and conversion
Table 23. Markets and applications for graphene quantum dots in sensors
Table 24. Markets and applications for graphene quantum dots in biomedicine and life sciences
Table 25. Markets and applications for graphene quantum dots in electronics
Table 26. Market and technology challenges for graphene quantum dots
Table 27. Prices for graphene quantum dots
Table 28. Assessment of graphene production methods
Table 29. Regulations and rulings related to graphene in Europe
Table 30. Regulations and rulings related to graphene in North America
Table 31. Regulations and rulings related to graphene in Asia-Pacific
Table 32. Accumulated number of patent publications for graphene, 2004-2019
Table 33. Graphene oxide production capacity by producer, 2014-2022
Table 34. Graphene nanoplatelets capacity in tons by producer, 2010-2022
Table 35. CVD graphene film capacity by producer, 2014-2022 in 000s m2
Table 36. Types of graphene and typical prices
Table 37. Pristine graphene flakes pricing by producer
Table 38. Few-layer graphene pricing by producer
Table 39. Graphene nanoplatelets pricing by producer
Table 40. Graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide pricing, by producer
Table 41. Multi-layer graphene pricing by producer
Table 42. Graphene ink pricing by producer
Table 43. Graphene producers and types produced
Table 44. Graphene producers target market matrix
Table 45. Graphene product developers target market matrix
Table 46. Applications of nanomaterials in batteries
Table 47. Market outlook for graphene in batteries
Table 48. Market drivers for use of graphene in batteries
Table 49. Applications of nanomaterials in flexible and stretchable batteries, by materials type and benefits thereof
Table 50. Market and applications for graphene in batteries
Table 51. Global revenues for graphene in batteries, 2018-2034 (Millions USD)
Table 52. Global demand for graphene in batteries (tons), 2018-2034
Table 53. Markets players in graphene batteries
Table 54. Market overviewfor graphene in supercapacitors
Table 55: Comparative properties of graphene supercapacitors and lithium-ion batteries
Table 56. Market and applications for graphene in supercapacitors
Table 57. Global revenues for graphene in supercapacitors, 2018-2034 (Millions USD)
Table 58. Demand for graphene in supercapacitors (tons), 2018-2034
Table 59. Market players in graphene supercapacitors
Table 60. Market outlook for graphene in polymer additives
Table 61. Market and applications for graphene polymer additives
Table 62. Global revenues for graphene in polymer additives, 2018-2034 (Millions USD)
Table 63. Global market demand for graphene in polymer additives, 2018-2034, tons
Table 64. Market players in graphene polymer additives
Table 65. Market overview for graphene in sensors
Table 66. Market overview for graphene in sensors
Table 67. Market and applications for graphene in sensors
Table 68. Global revenues for graphene in sensors, 2018-2034 (Millions USD)
Table 69. Global demand for graphene in sensors (tons), 2018-2034
Table 70. Market players in graphene sensors
Table 71. Market outlook for graphene in conductive inks
Table 72. Market and applications for graphene in conductive inks
Table 73. Comparative properties of conductive inks
Table 74. Global revenues for graphene in conductive inks, 2018-2034 (Millions USD)
Table 75. Global demand for graphene in conductive ink (tons), 2018-2034
Table 76. Product developers in graphene conductive inks
Table 77. Market outlook for graphene in transparent conductive films
Table 78. Market and applications for graphene in transparent conductive films
Table 79. Comparison of ITO replacements
Table 80. Global revenues for graphene in transparent conductive films, 2018-2034 (Millions USD)
Table 81. Global demand for graphene in transparent conductive films (tons), 2018-2034
Table 82. Market players in graphene transparent conductive films
Table 83. Comparative properties of silicon and graphene transistors
Table 84. Market outlook for graphene in transistors
Table 85. Market and applications for graphene transistors
Table 86. Global revenues for graphene in transistors and integrated circuits, 2018-2034 (Millions USD)
Table 87. Global demand for graphene in transistors and integrated circuits (tons), 2018-2034
Table 88. Market players in graphene transistors and integrated circuits
Table 89. Market outlook for graphene in filtration membranes
Table 90. Market and applications for graphene in filtration membranes
Table 91. Global revenues for graphene in filtration membranes, 2018-2034 (Millions USD)
Table 92. Global demand for graphene in filtration membranes (tons), 2018-2034
Table 93. Market players in filtration
Table 94. Market and applications for thermal management
Table 95. Global revenues for graphene in thermal management, 2018-2034 (Millions USD)
Table 96. Global demand for graphene in thermal management (tons), 2018-2034
Table 97. Market players in graphene thermal management
Table 98. Market outlook for graphene in additive manufacturing
Table 99. Market and applications for graphene in additive manufacturing
Table 100. Global revenues for graphene in additive manufacturing, 2018-2034 (Millions USD)
Table 101. Global demand for graphene in additive manufacturing (tons), 2018-2034
Table 102. Market players in additive manufacturing
Table 103. Market outlook for graphene in adhesives
Table 104. Market and applications for graphene in adhesives
Table 105. Global revenues for graphene in adhesives, 2018-2034 (Millions USD)
Table 106. Global demand for graphene in adhesives (tons), 2018-2034
Table 107. Market players in graphene adhesives
Table 108. Market assessment for graphene in aerospace
Table 109. Market and applications for graphene in aerospace
Table 110. Global revenues for graphene in aerospace, 2018-2034 (Millions USD)
Table 111: Global demand for graphene in aerospace (tons), 2018-2030
Table 112: Market players in graphene for aerospace
Table 113. Market outlook for graphene in automotive
Table 114. Market and applications for graphene in automotive
Table 115. Market and applications for graphene in automotive
Table 116. Global revenues for graphene in automotive, 2018-2034 (Millions USD)
Table 117. Global demand for graphene in automotive (tons), 2018-2034
Table 118. Market players in the graphene automotive market
Table 119. Market outlook for graphene in construction
Table 120. Graphene for concrete and cement
Table 121. Graphene for asphalt bitumen
Table 122. Global revenues for graphene in construction & buildings, 2018-2034 (Millions USD)
Table 123. Global demand for graphene in construction (tons), 2018-2034
Table 124: Market players in graphene in construction
Table 125. Market outlook for graphene in memory devices
Table 126. Market and applications for graphene in memory devices
Table 127. Global revenues for graphene in memory devices, 2018-2034 (Millions USD)
Table 128. Global demand for graphene in memory devices, 2018-2034
Table 129. Market players in graphene memory devices
Table 130. Market overview for graphene in fuel cells
Table 131. Market and applications for graphene in fuel cells
Table 132. Global revenues for graphene in fuel cells, 2018-2034 (Millions USD)
Table 133. Global demand for graphene in fuel cells (tons), 2018-2034
Table 134. Market players in graphene fuel cells
Table 135. Market and applications for graphene in biomedicine and healthcare
Table 136. Market overview for graphene in drug delivery
Table 137. Market overview for graphene in imaging and diagnostics
Table 138. Market overview for graphene in medical implants
Table 139. Market overview for graphene in medical biosensors
Table 140. Market overview for graphene in woundcare
Table 141. Global revenues for graphene in biomedicine & healthcare, 2018-2034 (Millions USD)
Table 142. Global demand for graphene in biomedicine and healthcare (tons), 2018-2034
Table 143. Market players in graphene in biomedicine and healthcare
Table 144. Market overview for graphene in lighting
Table 145. Market and applications for graphene in lighting
Table 146. Global revenues for graphene in lighting, 2018-2034 (Millions USD)
Table 147. Global demand for graphene in lighting, 2018-2034 (tons)
Table 148. Market players in graphene lighting
Table 149. Nanomaterial lubricant products
Table 150. Market overview for graphene in lubricants
Table 151. Market and applications for graphene in lubricants
Table 152. Global revenues for graphene in lubricants, 2018-2034 (Millions USD)
Table 153. Global demand for graphene in lubricants (tons), 2018-2034
Table 154. Market players in graphene lubricants
Table 155. Market overview for graphene in oil and gas
Table 156. Market and applications for graphene in oil and gas
Table 157. Global revenues for graphene in oil and gas, 2018-2034 (Millions USD)
Table 158. Global demand for graphene in oil and gas (tons), 2018-2034
Table 159. Market players in graphene oil and gas
Table 160. Market overview for graphene in paints and coatings
Table 161. Market and applications for graphene in paints and coatings
Table 162. Global revenues for graphene in paints & coatings, 2018-2034 (Millions USD)
Table 163. Global demand for graphene in paints and coatings (tons), 2018-2034
Table 164. Market players in graphene paints and coatings
Table 165. Market overview for graphene in photonics
Table 166. Market and applications for graphene in photonics
Table 167. Global revenues for graphene in photonics, 2018-2034 (Millions USD)
Table 168. Demand for graphene in photonics, 2018-2034
Table 169. Market players in graphene photonics
Table 170. Market overview for graphene in photovoltaics
Table 171. Market overview for graphene in photovoltaics
Table 172. Market and applications for graphene in photovoltaics
Table 173. Global revenues for graphene in photovoltaics, 2018-2034 (Millions USD)
Table 174. Global demand for graphene in photovoltaics (tons), 2018-2034
Table 175. Marker players in graphene solar
Table 176. Market overview for graphene in rubber and tyres
Table 177. Market outlook for graphene in rubber and tyres
Table 178. Market and applications for graphene in rubber and tyres
Table 179. Global revenues for graphene in rubber & tyres, 2018-2034 (Millions USD)
Table 180. Global demand for graphene in rubber and tyres (tons), 2018-2034
Table 181. Market players in rubber and tyres
Table 182. Market overview for graphene in smart textiles and apparel
Table 183. Market outlook for graphene in smart textiles and apparel
Table 184. Market and applications for graphene in smart textiles and apparel
Table 185. Global revenues for graphene in textiles & apparel, 2018-2034 (Millions USD)
Table 186. Global demand for graphene in textiles & apparel (tons), 2018-2034
Table 187. Market players in smart textiles and apparel
Table 188. Graphene audio equipment producers and products
Table 189. Graphene sporting goods producers and products
Table 190. Methods of CO2 transport
Table 191. Carbon capture, transport, and storage cost per unit of CO2
Table 192. Estimated capital costs for commercial-scale carbon capture
Table 193. Point source examples
Table 194. Assessment of carbon capture materials
Table 195. Chemical solvents used in post-combustion
Table 196. Commercially available physical solvents for pre-combustion carbon capture
Table 197. Carbon utilization revenue forecast by product (US$)
Table 198. CO2 utilization and removal pathways
Table 199. Market challenges for CO2 utilization
Table 200. Example CO2 utilization pathways
Table 201. Performance criteria of energy storage devices
Table 202. 2D materials types
Table 203. Comparative analysis of graphene and other 2-D nanomaterials
Table 204. Comparison of top-down exfoliation methods to produce 2D materials
Table 205. Comparison of the bottom-up synthesis methods to produce 2D materials
Table 206. Properties of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN)
Table 207. Electronic and mechanical properties of monolayer phosphorene, graphene and MoS2
Table 208. Properties and applications of functionalized germanene
Table 209. GDY-based anode materials in LIBs and SIBs
Table 210. Physical and electronic properties of Stanene
Table 211. Technology Readiness Level (TRL) Examples

Figure 1. Demand for graphene, by market, 2022
Figure 2. Asus ROG Swift OLED PG49WCD gaming monitor
Figure 3. Global graphene demand by type of graphene material, 2018-2034 (tons)
Figure 4. Global graphene revenues, by market, 2018-2034 (Millions USD)
Figure 5. Global graphene production, tons, 2018-2034
Figure 6. Global graphene demand by market, 2018-2034 (tons)
Figure 7. Global graphene revenues, by region, 2018-2034 (Millions USD)
Figure 8. Global graphene demand, by region, 2018-2034 (Tons)
Figure 9. Main graphene producers in Asia-Pacific
Figure 10. Graphene layer structure schematic
Figure 11. Illustrative procedure of the Scotch-tape based micromechanical cleavage of HOPG
Figure 12. Graphite and graphene
Figure 13. Graphene and its descendants: top right: graphene; top left: graphite = stacked graphene; bottom right: nanotube=rolled graphene; bottom left: fullerene=wrapped graphene
Figure 14. Types of CVD methods
Figure 15. Schematic of the manufacture of GnPs starting from natural graphite
Figure 16. Green-fluorescing graphene quantum dots
Figure 17. Schematic of (a) CQDs and (c) GQDs. HRTEM images of (b) C-dots and (d) GQDs showing combination of zigzag and armchair edges (positions marked as 1-4)
Figure 18. Graphene quantum dots
Figure 19. Top-down and bottom-up graphene QD synthesis methods
Figure 20. Revenues for graphene quantum dots 2019-2034, millions USD
Figure 21. Dotz Nano GQD products
Figure 22. InP/ZnS, perovskite quantum dots and silicon resin composite under UV illumination
Figure 23. Quantag GQDs and sensor
Figure 24. Fabrication methods of graphene
Figure 25. TEM micrographs of: A) HR-CNFs; B) GANF® HR-CNF, it can be observed its high graphitic structure; C) Unraveled ribbon from the HR-CNF; D) Detail of the ribbon; E) Scheme of the structure of the HR-CNFs; F) Large single graphene oxide sheets derived from GANF
Figure 26. (a) Graphene powder production line The Sixth Element Materials Technology Co. Ltd. (b) Graphene film production line of Wuxi Graphene Films Co. Ltd
Figure 27. Schematic illustration of the main graphene production methods
Figure 28. Published patent publications for graphene, 2004-2021
Figure 29. CVD Graphene on Cu Foil
Figure 30. Annual cobalt demand for electric vehicle batteries to 2031
Figure 31. Annual lithium demand for electric vehicle batteries to 2031
Figure 32. Costs of batteries to 2031
Figure 33. Applications of graphene in batteries
Figure 34. Applications roadmap to 2034 for graphene in batteries
Figure 35. SWOT analysis for graphene in batteries
Figure 36. Global revenues for graphene in batteries, 2018-2034 (Millions USD)
Figure 37. Global demand for graphene in batteries (tons), 2018-2034
Figure 38. Apollo Traveler graphene-enhanced USB-C / A fast charging power bank
Figure 39. Exide Graphene Lead Acid Battery
Figure 40. 6000mAh Portable graphene batteries
Figure 41. Real Graphene Powerbank
Figure 42. Graphene Functional Films - UniTran EH/FH
Figure 43. Applications of graphene in supercapacitors
Figure 44. Applications roadmap to 2034 for graphene in supercapacitors
Figure 45. SWOT analysis for graphene in supercapacitors
Figure 46. Global revenues for graphene insupercapacitors, 2018-2034 (Millions USD)
Figure 47. Demand for graphene in supercapacitors (tons), 2018-2034
Figure 48. KEPCO’s graphene supercapacitors
Figure 49. Skeleton Technologies supercapacitor
Figure 50. Zapgo supercapacitor phone charger
Figure 51. Applications roadmap to 2034 for graphene in polymer additives
Figure 52. Applications of graphene in polymer additives
Figure 53. SWOT analysis for graphene in polymer additives
Figure 54. Global revenues for graphene in polymer additives, 2018-2034 (Millions USD)
Figure 55. Demand for graphene in polymer additives (tons), 2018-2034
Figure 56. Graphene bike
Figure 57. Graphene lacrosse equipment
Figure 58. Graphene-based suitcase made from recycled plastic
Figure 59. Aros Create
Figure 60. Grays graphene hockey sticks
Figure 61. Graphene-based sensors for health monitoring
Figure 62. Applications of graphene in sensors
Figure 63. Applications roadmap to 2034 for graphene in sensors
Figure 64. SWOT analysis for graphene in sensors
Figure 65. Global revenues for graphene in sensors, 2018-2034 (Millions USD)
Figure 66. Global demand for graphene in sensors (tons), 2018-2034
Figure 67. AGILE R100 system
Figure 68. Graphene fully packaged linear array detector
Figure 69. GFET sensors
Figure 70. Graphene is used to increase sensitivity to middle-infrared light
Figure 71. Applications roadmap to 2034 for graphene in conductive inks
Figure 72. Applications of graphene in conductive inks
Figure 73. SWOT analysis for graphene in conductive inks
Figure 74. Global revenues for graphene in conductive inks, 2018-2034 (Millions USD)
Figure 75. Global demand for graphene in conductive ink (tons), 2018-2034
Figure 76. BGT Materials graphene ink product
Figure 77. Printed graphene conductive ink
Figure 78. Textiles covered in conductive graphene ink
Figure 79. Applications roadmap to 2034 for graphene in transparent conductive films and displays
Figure 80. SWOT analysis for graphene in conductive inks
Figure 81. Global revenues for graphene in transparent conductive films, 2018-2034 (Millions USD)
Figure 82. Global demand for graphene in transparent conductive films (tons), 2018-2034
Figure 83. Moxi flexible film developed for smartphone application
Figure 84. Applications of graphene transistors
Figure 85. Applications roadmap to 2034 for graphene transistors
Figure 86. SWOT analysis for graphene in transparent conductive films
Figure 87. Global revenues for graphene in transistors and integrated circuits, 2018-2034 (Millions USD)
Figure 88. Demand for graphene in transistors and integrated circuits (tons), 2018-2034
Figure 89. Graphene IC in wafer tester
Figure 90. Schematic cross-section of a graphene based transistor (GBT, left) and a graphene field-effect transistor (GFET, right)
Figure 91. Applications of graphene in filtration membranes
Figure 92. Applications roadmap to 2034 for graphene filtration membranes
Figure 93. SWOT analysis for graphene in filtration membranes
Figure 94. Global revenues for graphene in filtration membranes, 2018-2034 (Millions USD)
Figure 95. Global demand for graphene in filtration (tons), 2018-2034
Figure 96. Graphene anti-smog mask
Figure 97. Graphene filtration membrane
Figure 98. Graphene water filer cartridge
Figure 99. Applications of graphene in thermal management
Figure 100. Applications roadmap to 2034 for graphene in thermal management
Figure 101. SWOT analysis for graphene in thermal management
Figure 102. Global revenues for graphene in thermal management, 2018-2034 (Millions USD)
Figure 103. Demand for graphene in thermal management (tons), 2018-2034
Figure 104. Graphene IC in wafer tester
Figure 105. Schematic cross-section of a graphene based transistor (GBT, left) and a graphene field-effect transistor (GFET, right)
Figure 106. Applications of graphene in additive manufacturing
Figure 107. Applications roadmap to 2034 for graphene in additive manufacturing
Figure 108. SWOT analysis for graphene in additive manufacturing
Figure 109. Global revenues for graphene in additive manufacturing, 2018-2034 (Millions USD)
Figure 110. Global demand for graphene in additive manufacturing (tons), 2018-2034
Figure 111. CNCTArch lightweight mounting for digital signalling
Figure 112. Applications of graphene in adhesives
Figure 113. Applications roadmap to 2034 for graphene in adhesives
Figure 114. SWOT analysis for graphene in adhesives
Figure 115. Global revenues for graphene in adhesives, 2018-2034 (Millions USD)
Figure 116. Global demand for graphene in adhesives (tons), 2018-2034
Figure 117. Graphene Adhesives
Figure 118. Applications of graphene in aerospace
Figure 119. Applications roadmap to 2034 for graphene in aerospace
Figure 120. SWOT analysis for graphene in aerospace
Figure 121. Global revenues for graphene in aerospace, 2018-2034 (Millions USD)
Figure 122. Global demand for graphene in aerospace (tons), 2018-2034
Figure 123. Orbex Prime rocket
Figure 124: Graphene enhanced aircraft cargo container
Figure 125: Graphene aircraft
Figure 126. Summary of graphene in automobiles
Figure 127. Applications of graphene in automotive
Figure 128. SWOT analysis for graphene in automotive
Figure 129. Global revenues for graphene in automotive, 2018-2034 (Millions USD)
Figure 130. Global demand for graphene in automotive (tons), 2018-2034
Figure 131. Supercar incorporating graphene
Figure 132. Graphene anti-corrosion primer
Figure 133. Graphene-R Brake pads
Figure 134. Antistatic graphene tire
Figure 135. Graphene engine oil additives
Figure 136. Comparison of nanofillers with supplementary cementitious materials and aggregates in concrete
Figure 137. Applications roadmap to 2034 for graphene in construction
Figure 138. SWOT analysis for graphene in construction
Figure 139. Global revenues for graphene in construction & buildings, 2018-2034 (Millions USD)
Figure 140. Global demand for graphene in construction (tons), 2018-2034
Figure 141. Graphene asphalt additives
Figure 142. OG (Original Graphene) Concrete Admix Plus
Figure 143. Applications roadmap to 2034 for graphene in memory devices
Figure 144. SWOT analysis for graphene in memory devices
Figure 145. Global revenues for graphene in memory devices, 2018-2034 (Millions USD)
Figure 146. Global demand for graphene in memory devices, 2018-2034
Figure 147. Layered structure of tantalum oxide, multilayer graphene and platinum used for resistive random-access memory (RRAM)
Figure 148. Applications of graphene in fuel cells
Figure 149. Applications roadmap to 2034 for graphene in fuel cells
Figure 150. SWOT analysis for graphene in fuel cells
Figure 151. Global revenues for graphene in fuel cells, 2018-2034 (Millions USD)
Figure 152. Global demand for graphene in fuel cells (tons), 2018-2034
Figure 153. Graphene-based E-skin patch
Figure 154. Applications of graphene in biomedicine and healthcare
Figure 155. Applications roadmap to 2034 for graphene in biomedicine and healthcare
Figure 156. Flexible and transparent bracelet that uses graphene to measure heart rate, respiration rate etc
Figure 157. SWOT analysis for graphene in biomedicine & healthcare
Figure 158. Global revenues for graphene in biomedicine & healthcare, 2018-2034 (Millions USD)
Figure 159. Global demand for graphene in biomedicine and healthcare (tons), 2018-2034
Figure 160. Graphene medical biosensors for wound healing
Figure 161. Hememics' handheld reader with a disposable test chip containing a 32-plex graphene-based biosensor
Figure 162. GraphWear wearable sweat sensor
Figure 163. BioStamp nPoint
Figure 164. Applications of graphene in lighting
Figure 165. Applications roadmap to 2034 for graphene in lighting
Figure 166. SWOT analysis for graphene in lighting
Figure 167. Global revenues for graphene in lighting, 2018-2034 (Millions USD)
Figure 168. Global demand for graphene in lighting, 2018-2034 (tons)
Figure 169. Graphene LED bulbs
Figure 170. Applications of graphene in lubricants
Figure 171. SWOT analysis for graphene in lubricants
Figure 172. Global revenues for graphene in lubricants, 2018-2034 (Millions USD)
Figure 173. Global demand for graphene in lubricants (tons), 2018-2034
Figure 174. Tricolit spray coating
Figure 175. Graphenoil products
Figure 176. Applications of graphene in oil and gas
Figure 177. Applications roadmap to 2034 for graphene in oil and gas
Figure 178. SWOT analysis for graphene in oil and gas
Figure 179. Global revenues for graphene in oil and gas, 2018-2034 (Millions USD)
Figure 180. Global demand for graphene in oil and gas (tons), 2018-2034
Figure 181. Directa Plus Grafysorber
Figure 182. Applications of graphene in paints and coatings
Figure 183. Applications roadmap to 2034 for graphene in paints and coatings
Figure 184. SWOT analysis for graphene in paints and coatings
Figure 185. Global revenues for graphene in paints & coatings, 2018-2034 (Millions USD)
Figure 186. Global demand for graphene in paints and coatings (tons), 2018-2034
Figure 187. Cryorig CPU cooling system with graphene coating
Figure 188. Four layers of graphene oxide coatings on polycarbonate
Figure 189. 23303 ZINCTON GNC graphene paint
Figure 190. Graphene-enhanced anti-corrosion aerosols under their Hycote brand
Figure 191. Scania Truck head lamp brackets ACT chamber 6 weeks, equivalent to 3y field use. Piece treated with GO to the left together with different non-GO coatings
Figure 192. Schematic of graphene heat film
Figure 193. Applications roadmap to 2034 for graphene in photonics
Figure 194. Applications of graphene in photonics
Figure 195. SWOT analysis for graphene in photonics
Figure 196. Global revenues for graphene in photonicss, 2018-2034 (Millions USD)
Figure 197. Demand for graphene in photonics, 2018-2034
Figure 198. All-graphene optical communication link demonstrator operating at a data rate of 25 Gb/s per channel
Figure 199. Applications of graphene in photovoltaics
Figure 200. Applications roadmap to 2034 for graphene in in photovoltaics
Figure 201. SWOT analysis for graphene in photovotaics
Figure 202. Global revenues for graphene in photovoltaics, 2018-2034 (Millions USD)
Figure 203. Global demand for graphene in photovoltaics (tons), 2018-2034
Figure 204. Graphene coated glass
Figure 205. Applications of graphene in rubber and tyres
Figure 206. Applications roadmap to 2034 for graphene in rubber and tyres
Figure 207. SWOT analysis for graphene in rubber and tyres
Figure 208. Global revenues for graphene in rubber & tyres 2018-2034 (Millions USD)
Figure 209. Global demand for graphene in rubber and tyres (tons), 2018-2034
Figure 210. Eagle F1 graphene tyre
Figure 211. Graphene floor mats
Figure 212. Vittoria Corsa G tire
Figure 213. Applications of graphene in smart textiles and apparel
Figure 214. Applications roadmap to 2034 for graphene in textiles and apparel
Figure 215. SWOT analysis for graphene in textiles and apparel
Figure 216. Global revenues for graphene in textiles & apparel, 2018-2034 (Millions USD)
Figure 217. Global demand for graphene in textiles (tons), 2018-2034
Figure 218. 878 Project One jacket display
Figure 219. Colmar graphene ski jacket
Figure 220. Graphene dress. The dress changes colour in sync with the wearer’s breathing
Figure 221. G Graphene Aero Jersey
Figure 222. Inov-8 graphene shoes
Figure 223. Graphene Functional Membranes - UniTran GM
Figure 224. Graphene jacket
Figure 225. Callaway Chrome Soft golf and Chrome Soft X golf balls
Figure 226. Carbon dioxide utilization and removal cycle
Figure 227. Various pathways for CO2 utilization
Figure 228. Example of underground carbon dioxide storage
Figure 229. Transport of CCS technologies
Figure 230. Railroad car for liquid CO2 transport
Figure 231. Estimated costs of capture of one metric ton of carbon dioxide (Co2) by sector
Figure 232. CCUS market map
Figure 233. Global capacity of point-source carbon capture and storage facilities
Figure 234. Global carbon capture capacity by CO2 source, 2021
Figure 235. Global carbon capture capacity by CO2 source, 2030
Figure 236. Global carbon capture capacity by CO2 endpoint, 2021 and 2030
Figure 237. Post-combustion carbon capture process
Figure 238. Postcombustion CO2 Capture in a Coal-Fired Power Plant
Figure 239. Oxy-combustion carbon capture process
Figure 240. Liquid or supercritical CO2 carbon capture process
Figure 241. Pre-combustion carbon capture process
Figure 242. CO2 non-conversion and conversion technology, advantages and disadvantages
Figure 243. Applications for CO2
Figure 244. Cost to capture one metric ton of carbon, by sector
Figure 245. Life cycle of CO2-derived products and services
Figure 246. Co2 utilization pathways and products
Figure 247. Graphene heating films
Figure 248. Graphene flake products
Figure 249. AIKA Black-T
Figure 250. Printed graphene biosensors
Figure 251. Prototype of printed memory device
Figure 252. Brain Scientific electrode schematic
Figure 253. Graphene battery schematic
Figure 254. Dotz Nano GQD products
Figure 255. Graphene-based membrane dehumidification test cell
Figure 256. Proprietary atmospheric CVD production
Figure 257. Wearable sweat sensor
Figure 258. InP/ZnS, perovskite quantum dots and silicon resin composite under UV illumination
Figure 259. Sensor surface
Figure 260. BioStamp nPoint
Figure 261. Nanotech Energy battery
Figure 262. Hybrid battery powered electrical motorbike concept
Figure 263. NAWAStitch integrated into carbon fiber composite
Figure 264. Schematic illustration of three-chamber system for SWCNH production
Figure 265. TEM images of carbon nanobrush
Figure 266. Test performance after 6 weeks ACT II according to Scania STD4445
Figure 267. Quantag GQDs and sensor
Figure 268. The Sixth Element graphene products
Figure 269. Thermal conductive graphene film
Figure 270. Talcoat graphene mixed with paint
Figure 271. T-FORCE CARDEA ZERO
Figure 272. Structures of nanomaterials based on dimensions
Figure 273. Schematic of 2-D materials
Figure 274. Diagram of the mechanical exfoliation method
Figure 275. Diagram of liquid exfoliation method
Figure 276. Structure of hexagonal boron nitride
Figure 277. BN nanosheet textiles application
Figure 278. Structure diagram of Ti3C2Tx
Figure 279. Types and applications of 2D TMDCs
Figure 280. Left: Molybdenum disulphide (MoS2). Right: Tungsten ditelluride (WTe2)
Figure 281. SEM image of MoS2
Figure 282. Atomic force microscopy image of a representative MoS2 thin-film transistor
Figure 283. Schematic of the molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) thin-film sensor with the deposited molecules that create additional charge
Figure 284. Borophene schematic
Figure 285. Black phosphorus structure
Figure 286. Black Phosphorus crystal
Figure 287. Bottom gated flexible few-layer phosphorene transistors with the hydrophobic dielectric encapsulation
Figure 288: Graphitic carbon nitride
Figure 289. Structural difference between graphene and C2N-h2D crystal: (a) graphene; (b) C2N-h2D crystal. Credit: Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology
Figure 290. Schematic of germanene
Figure 291. Graphdiyne structure
Figure 292. Schematic of Graphane crystal
Figure 293. Schematic of a monolayer of rhenium disulfide
Figure 294. Silicene structure
Figure 295. Monolayer silicene on a silver (111) substrate
Figure 296. Silicene transistor
Figure 297. Crystal structure for stanene
Figure 298. Atomic structure model for the 2D stanene on Bi2Te3(111)
Figure 299. Schematic of Indium Selenide (InSe)
Figure 300. Application of Li-Al LDH as CO2 sensor
Figure 301. Graphene-based membrane dehumidification test cell