Textbook of Arterial Stiffness and Pulsatile Hemodynamics in Health and Disease

Table of Contents

Section I. Biophysical and Technical Principles
1. Basic Principles of pulsatile pressure and flow phenomena in elastic vessels
2. Measurements of arterial pressure and flow in vivo
3. Essential Principles of Pulsatile Pressure-flow relations in the arterial tree
4. Magnetic Resonance Imaging for the assessment of aortic stiffness and pulsatile hemodynamics
5. Computed tomography of the aorta
6. Radionuclide-based Imaging of the aortic wall
7. Arterial wall stiffness: basic principles and methods of measurement in vivo
8. Ambulatory measurements of pulsatile hemodynamics
9. Animal Models and Ex-vivo Methods to Study Arterial Stiffness

Section II. Basic and Applied Physiology
10. Hemodynamic role of the Aorta
11. Wave Reflections in the arterial tree
12. Linking Arterial Stiffness to Microvascular Remodeling
13. Myocardial function: from myofilaments to cardiac pump
14. Systolic-diastolic coupling
15. Ventricular-arterial coupling: The pressure-volume plane
16. Myocardial wall stress and the systolic loading sequence
17. Assessment of Ventricular Arterial Interactions via arterial pressure-flow relations in humans
18. Hemodynamic Determinants of Myocardial Oxygen Demand and Supply

Section III. Biologic pathways leading to arterial stiffness and dysfunctional pulsatile hemodynamics
19. Role of elastin and elastin-derived peptides in arterial stiffness: from synthesis to potential therapeutic interventions
20. Inflammation and arterial stiffness
21. Mechanisms of Aortic Wall Calcification
22. Vascular smooth muscle dysfunction and arterial stiffness
23. Endothelial cell dysfunction and Senescence: Biologic mechanisms and Hemodynamic consequences
24. Autonomic and neuroendocrine modulation of arterial stiffness and hemodynamics
25. Cellular mechanisms of ageing and their impact on the aortic/arterial wall

SECTION IV. Clinical significance of arterial stiffness and pulsatile hemodynamics
26. Normal Aging: Arterial Stiffness and remodeling over the life course
27. Early Vascular Aging and Supernormal Vascular Aging: Genetics, Epigenetics, and Environment
28. Ethnic differences in arterial stiffness and central aortic hemodynamics
29. Arterial Stiffness and Pulsatile hemodynamics in Systemic Hypertension
30. Arterial Stiffness and Pulsatile hemodynamics in Diabetes and Obesity
31. Cardiovascular Risk Prevention in Clinical Practice: Current Guidelines in the USA and Europe
32. Cardiovascular Risk Prevention in Clinical Practice: Current Guidelines in Asia
33. Arterial Stiffness, Cardiovascular Risk and Strategies for enhancing risk Stratification
34. Role of the arterial tree in Physiologic Adaptations to exercise
35. Invasive Hemodynamic Assessments during exercise: Normal patterns and clinical value
36. Arterial Stiffness and Pulsatile hemodynamics in Heart Failure with Reduced and Preserved Ejection Fraction
37. Ventricular-Arterial Coupling and Arterial Load in Aortic Valvular Disease
38. Arterial Stiffness and Atherosclerosis: Mechanistic and Pathophysiologic Interactions
39. Arterial Stiffness and Pulsatile hemodynamics in Coronary Artery Disease and other forms of Atherosclerotic vascular diseases
40. Arterial Stiffness and Pulsatile hemodynamics in Renal disease
41. Arterial Stiffness, Pulsatile hemodynamics, Cognitive dysfunction
42. Arterial Stiffness and Pulsatile hemodynamics in pregnancy and pregnancy-related vascular complications
43. Arterial Stiffness and Pulsatile Hemodynamics in Pediatric populations
44. Aortopathies and Arteriopathies
45. Pulsatile hemodynamics and arterial stiffness in primary aortopathies
46. Arterial Hemodynamics and Pulsatile Hemodynamics in Congenital Heart Disease
47. Arterial Stiffness and Pulsatile Hemodynamics in Acute and Chronic Infectious Diseases
48. Arterial Stiffness, Hemodynamics and Microvascular Complications in conditions characterized by low arterial pulsatility

SECTION V. Therapeutic approaches to improve arterial stiffness and pulsatile hemodynamics
49. Effects of common antihypertensive treatments on pulsatile arterial hemodynamics
50. Pharmacologic approaches to reduce arterial stiffness
51. Organic and dietary nitrates, inorganic nitrite, NO donors, and sGC stimulation
52. Effect of Exercise Training and Weight Loss on Arterial Stiffness and Pulsatile Hemodynamics
53. Dietary Salt and Arterial Stiffness
54. Role of Arterial Stiffness and Central Hemodynamics in Personalized medicine in hypertension

Section VI. Arterial Stiffness and Pulsatile Hemodynamics in the Pulmonary Circulation
55. Pulsatile hemodynamics and Ventricular-Arterial Interactions in the pulmonary circulation: Physiologic Concepts
56. Pulmonary arterial load and its impact on the right ventricle in pulmonary hypertension
57. Biologic mechanisms and consequences of pulmonary artery stiffening in Pulmonary Hypertension
58. Therapeutic approaches to improve right ventricular load

Authors

Julio A. Chirinos Associate Professor of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, USA; Director, Arterial Hemodynamics and Cardiac Imaging Quantification Core Laboratory; Visiting Professor, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium. Dr. Julio A. Chirinos, MD, PhD, is an Associate Professor of Medicine and Director of the Arterial Hemodynamics and Cardiac Imaging Quantification Core Laboratory at the University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine. Dr. Chirinos directs an NIH-funded research program focused on the role of arterial stiffness and ventricular arterial interactions in heart disease, mechanisms of human heart failure and the use of proteomics to discern mechanisms of human heart failure. He currently leads clinical studies and trials designed to therapeutically target the arterial tree in order to reduce maladaptive cardiac remodeling, diastolic dysfunction, and to treat patients with Heart Failure and Preserved Ejection Fraction, an epidemic condition for which no effective proven pharmacologic therapies are currently available. He also leads various cohort studies with deep cardiovascular phenotyping aimed at characterizing phenotypic profiles in humans. Dr. Chirinos also directs a core analysis laboratory for assessments of cardiac and arterial structure and function with non-invasive imaging, which has served as the core lab for various multicenter studies. His laboratory utilizes a combination of imaging modalities (including arterial tonometry, echocardiography and cardiac MRI) coupled with modeling approaches to characterize arterial physiology and ventricular-arterial interactions in humans. Dr. Chirinos has published >200 papers, chapters, reviews, and editorials and has been an invited speaker in >120 scientific sessions. He has participated in various clinical expert committees for the American Heart Association, American Society of Echocardiography, European Society of Cardiology, American Society of Hypertension, European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging and the Lancet Commission for Hypertension. Dr. Chirinos is currently the Vice-President of the North American Artery society, which promotes the study of arterial function as a determinant of cardiovascular disease. He is an Associate Editor of Circulation Heart Failure and a former Editor of the Cochrane Group (Cochrane Collaboration), Senior Consulting Editor of the Journal of the American College of Cardiology - Cardiovascular Imaging, Associate Editor for the Journal of Clinical Hypertension and member of the editorial board of Pulse and the Journal of Geriatric Cardiology. He is also a Visiting Professor at the University of Ghent in Belgium, where he maintains an active collaboration with the Asklepios Investigators aimed at characterizing arterial aging at the population level.