Global Mini-LED and Micro-LED Displays Market

2.1 The Mini-LED market
2.2 The Micro-LED market
2.3 The global display market
2.3.1 OLEDs
2.3.2 Quantum dots
2.3.3 Display technologies assessment
2.4 Benefits of Micro-LEDs
2.5 Micro-LEDs applications
2.6 Market and technology challenges
2.7 Industry developments 2020-2023
2.8 Recent micro-LED display innovations
2.9 Market activity in China
2.10 Global shipment forecasts for Micro-LEDs to 2034
2.10.1 Units
2.10.2 Revenues

3.1 What are Micro-LEDs?
3.2 Mini-LED (mLED) vs Micro-LED (µLED)
3.2.1 Display configurations
3.2.2 Development
3.2.2.1 Sony
3.2.3 Types
3.2.4 Production
3.2.4.1 Integration
3.2.4.2 Transfer technologies
3.2.5 Comparison to LCD, OLED AND QD
3.2.6 Micro-LED display specifications
3.2.7 Advantages
3.2.7.1 Transparency
3.2.7.2 Borderless
3.2.7.3 Flexibility
3.2.8 Tiled microLED displays
3.2.9 Costs

4.1 Epitaxy and Chip Processing
4.1.1 Materials
4.1.2 Substrates
4.1.3 Wafer patterning
4.1.4 Metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD)
4.1.5 Epitaxial growth requirement
4.1.6 Uniformity
4.1.7 Chip manufacturing
4.1.8 Epi-film transfer
4.1.9 Micro-LED Performances
4.2 Transfer, Assembly and Integration Technologies
4.2.1 Monolithic integration
4.2.1.1 Overview
4.2.1.2 Companies
4.2.2 Heterogeneous Wafers
4.2.2.1 Array integration
4.2.2.2 Hybridization
4.2.2.3 Wafer bonding
4.2.2.4 Hybridization integration
4.2.2.5 Companies
4.2.3 GaN on Silicon
4.2.3.1 Overview
4.2.3.2 Types
4.2.3.3 Challenges
4.2.3.4 Companies
4.2.4 Mass transfer
4.2.4.1 Chiplet Mass Transfer
4.2.4.2 Elastomer Stamp Transfer (Fine pick and place)
4.2.4.2.1 Overview
4.2.4.2.2 µLED fabrication
4.2.4.2.3 Micro-transfer printing
4.2.4.2.4 Capillary-assisted transfer printing
4.2.4.2.5 Electrostatic array
4.2.4.2.6 Companies
4.2.4.3 Roll-to-Roll or Roll-to-Panel Imprinting
4.2.4.4 Laser enabled transfer
4.2.4.4.1 Overview
4.2.4.4.2 Companies
4.2.4.5 Electrostatic Transfer
4.2.4.6 Micro-transfer
4.2.4.7 Micro vacuum-based transfer
4.2.4.8 Adhesive Stamp
4.2.4.9 Self-Assembly
4.2.4.9.1 Overview
4.2.4.9.2 Fluidically Self-Assembled (FSA) technology
4.2.4.9.3 Magnetically-assisted assembly
4.2.4.9.4 Photoelectrochemically driven fluidic-assembly
4.2.4.9.5 Electrophoretic fluidic-assembly
4.2.4.9.6 Surface energy fluidic-assembly
4.2.4.9.7 Companies
4.2.4.10 All-In-One Transfer
4.2.4.10.1 Overview
4.2.4.10.2 Companies
4.2.5 Nanowires
4.2.5.1 Overview
4.2.5.2 3D technology
4.2.6 Bonding and interconnection
4.2.6.1 Overview
4.2.6.2 Types of bonding
4.2.6.3 Types of interconnections

5.1 Overview
5.2 Defect types
5.3 Repair
5.4 Laser micro trimming

6.1 Comparison of technologies
6.2 Full colour conversion
6.3 UV LED
6.4 Colour filters
6.5 Stacked RGB MicroLEDs
6.5.1 Companies and research
6.6 Three panel system
6.7 Phosphor Colour Conversion
6.7.1 Overview
6.7.2 Challenges
6.7.3 Companies
6.8 Quantum dots colour conversion
6.8.1 Overview
6.8.2 Quantum dots in micro-LED displays
6.8.3 QDs vs phosphors
6.8.4 Challenges
6.8.5 Companies
6.9 Quantum wells
6.10 Improving image quality

7.1 Overview

8.1 Overview
8.2 Technologies

9.1 Market map
9.2 Consumer electronic display market
9.2.1 Products
9.3 Smartwatches and wearables
9.3.1 Apple’s planned microLED smartwatch
9.3.2 Samsung
9.4 Smartphones
9.5 Samsung
9.5.1 Wall display
9.5.2 Neo QLED TV range
9.5.3 MicroLED CX TV line-up 216
9.6 LG
9.6.1 MAGNIT Micro-LED TV
9.6.2 Stretchable 12" microLED touch displays
9.7 TCL CSOT
9.8 Laptops, monitors and tablets

10.1 The global foldable display market
10.2 Foldable Micro-LED displays
10.3 Product developers

11.1 The global medical display market
11.2 Micro-LEDS
11.2.1 Micro-LEDs for medical applications
11.2.1.1 Implantable Devices
11.2.1.2 Lab-on-a-Chip
11.2.1.3 Endoscopy
11.2.1.4 Surgical Displays
11.2.1.5 Phototherapy
11.2.1.6 Biosensing
11.3 Product developers

12.1 Global automotive displays market
12.2 Mini-LED
12.2.1 Head-up display (HUD)
12.2.2 Headlamps
12.3 Product developers

13.1 Global market for virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and mixed reality (MR)
13.2 AR/VR Smart glasses and head-mounted displays (HMDs)
13.3 Micro-LED contact lenses
13.4 Products and prototypes

14.1 Global transparent displays market
14.2 Micro-LED transparent displays applications
14.3 Product developers

Table 1. Announced Micro-LED fabs.
Table 2. Summary of display technologies.
Table 3. Micro-LED applications
Table 4. Micro-LED applications
Table 5. Market and technology challenges for micro-LEDs.
Table 6. Micro-LED industry developments 2020-2023
Table 7. Micro-LED product announcements at CES 2021.
Table 8. Micro-LED product announcements at CES 2022 and Display Week 2022.
Table 9. Micro-LED product announcements at CES 2023 and Display Week 2023.
Table 10. Micro-LED activity in China
Table 11. Global Micro-LED display market (thousands of units) 2020-2034.
Table 12. LED size definitions
Table 13. Comparison between mini-LED and micro-LED.
Table 14. Comparison to conventional LEDs.
Table 15. Types of Micro-LED
Table 16. Summary of monolithic integration, monolithic hybrid integration (flip-chip/wafer bonding), and mass transfer technologies
Table 17. Summary of different mass transfer technologies.
Table 18. Micro-LED Comparison to LCD, OLED and QD
Table 19. Schematic comparison to LCD and OLED.
Table 20. Commercially available Micro-LED products and specifications
Table 21. Micro-LED-based display advantages and disadvantages.
Table 22. Materials for commercial LED chips
Table 23. Advantages and disadvantages of MOCVD.
Table 24. Transfer, assembly and integration technologies.
Table 25. Companies utilizing monolithic integration for Micro-LEDs.
Table 26. Advantages and disadvanatages of heterogeneous wafers.
Table 27. Key players in heterogeneous wafers
Table 28. GaN on silicon epi types.
Table 29. Challenges of GaN-on-Silicon epitaxy
Table 30. Companies utilizing GaN micro-LEDs on silicon.
Table 31. Mass transfer methods, by company
Table 32. Comparison of various mass transfer technologies.
Table 33. Advantages and disadvantages of Elastomeric stamp
Table 34. Key technologies for micro-LED mass transfer
Table 35. Companies utiilzing elastomeric stamp transfer.
Table 36. Laser beam requirement.
Table 37. Companies utilizing laser-enabled transfer technology
Table 38. Types of self-assembly technologies
Table 39. Companies utilizing self-assembly.
Table 40. Advantages and disadvantages of all-in-one CMOS driving technique
Table 41. Companies utilizing All-in-one transfer.
Table 42. Comparison between 2D and 3D micro-LEDs
Table 43. Companies and research institutions developing stacked RGB microLEDs.
Table 44. Requirements for phosphors in LEDs
Table 45. Phosphor materials
Table 46. Standard and emerging red-emitting phosphors.
Table 47. Challenges with phosphor colour conversion
Table 48. Companies developing phosphors for Micro-LEDs.
Table 49. Types of quantum dot displays.
Table 50. Comparison with phosphors
Table 51. Challenges with QD colour conversion.
Table 52. Companies utilizing quantum dots in Micro-LEDs.
Table 53. Backplane and driving options for Micro-LED displays
Table 54. Comparison of LED TV technologies
Table 55. Samsung Neo QLED TV range
Table 56. LG mini QNED range
Table 57. Flexible, stretchable and foldable Micro-LED products
Table 58. Medical display Micro-LED products
Table 59. Automotive display & backlight architectures
Table 60. Applications of Micro-LED in automotive.
Table 61. Automotive display Micro-LED products.
Table 62. Comparison of AR Display Light Engines.
Table 63. Micro-LED based smart glass products.
Table 64. Micro-LED transparent displays.
Table 65. Companies developing Micro-LED transparent displays.
Table 66. Micro-LED supply chain.
Table 67. Commercial partnerships and ventures in Micro-LEDs
Table 68. LG mini QNED range
Table 69. Samsung Neo QLED TV range
Table 70. San’an Mini and Micro LED Production annual target
Table 71. NPQDTM vs Traditional QD based Micro-LEDs
Table 72. TCL Mini-LED product range

Figure 1. Blue GaN Micro-LED arrays with 3um pixel pitch use polychromatic quantum dot integration to achieve full colour AR displays.
Figure 2. The progress of display technology, from LCD to Micro-LED.
Figure 3. Video wall.
Figure 4. Automotive dashboard display.
Figure 5. Public advertising displays.
Figure 6. Wearable biomedical devices
Figure 7. Head-up displays (HUD).
Figure 8. Pico-projectors.
Figure 9. Mojo Vision's 300-mm GaN-on-silicon blue LED wafer for microLED displays
Figure 10. Global Micro-LED display market (thousands of units) 2020-2034.
Figure 11. Global Micro-LED display market 2020-2034, by market (Million USD)
Figure 12. Display system configurations.
Figure 13. Micro-LED schematic
Figure 14. Pixels per inch roadmap of µ-LED displays from 2007 to 2019
Figure 15. Mass transfer for µLED chips
Figure 16. Schematic diagram of mass transfer technologies.
Figure 17. Micro-LED display panel structure
Figure 18. Comparison of Micro-LED with other display technologies.
Figure 19. Lextar 10.6 inch transparent Micro-LED display.
Figure 20. Transition to borderless design.
Figure 21. Metal organic chemical vapor deposition.
Figure 22. LED fabrication flowchart.
Figure 23. Typical RGB LED designs.
Figure 24. Fabrication of vertical GaN-LEDs.
Figure 25. Sidewall effect.
Figure 26. Process flow of Silicon Display of Sharp,
Figure 27. Monolithic micro-LED array
Figure 28. Schematics of a elastomer stamping, b electrostatic/electromagnetic transfer, c laser-assisted transfer and d fluid self-assembly
Figure 29. Transfer process flow.
Figure 30. Schematics of Roll-based mass transfer.
Figure 31. Schematic of laser-induced forward transfer technology.
Figure 32. Schematic of fluid self-assembly technology
Figure 33. Fabrication of micro-LED chip array
Figure 34. LG's FSA transfer technique
Figure 35. Schematic of colour conversion technology
Figure 36. Process flow of a full-colour micro display.
Figure 37. Toray's organic colour conversion film.
Figure 38. Quantum dot structure.
Figure 39. Market map for Micro-LED displays
Figure 40. Market adoption roadmap for microLED displays.
Figure 41. Micro-LED wearable display prototype.
Figure 42. APHAEA Watch.
Figure 43. Samsung Wall display system.
Figure 44. Samsung Neo QLED 8K.
Figure 45. Samsung Electronics 89-inch microLED TV.
Figure 46. MAGNIT Micro-LED TV.
Figure 47. Stretchable 12" microLED touch displays.
Figure 48. AU Optonics Flexible Micro-LED Display.
Figure 49. Schematic of the TALT technique for wafer-level Micro-LED transferring.
Figure 50. 55” flexible AM panel.
Figure 51. Foldable 4K C SEED M1.
Figure 52. Micro-LEDs for medical applications
Figure 53. 2023 Cadillac Lyriq EV incorporating mini-LED display
Figure 54. Micro-LED automotive display.
Figure 55. Issues in current commercial automotive HUD.
Figure 56. Rear lamp utilizing flexible Micro-LEDs.
Figure 57. Mojo Vision smart contact lens with an embedded Micro-LED display
Figure 58. Cellid AR glasses, Exploded version
Figure 59. Air Glass.
Figure 60. Panasonic MeganeX
Figure 61. Thunderbird Smart Glasses Pioneer Edition
Figure 62. RayNeo X2
Figure 63. tooz technologies smart glasses.
Figure 64. Vuzix Micro-LED micro display Smart Glasses
Figure 65. Leopard demo glasses by WaveOptics.
Figure 66. Different transparent displays and transmittance limitations
Figure 67. 7.56" high transparency & frameless Micro-LED display.
Figure 68. AUO's 13.5-inch transparent RGB microLED display
Figure 69. 17.3-inch transparent microLED AI display in a Taiwan Ferry
Figure 70. WireLED in 12” Silicon Wafer
Figure 71. Typical GaN-on-Si LED structure.
Figure 72. 300 mm GaN-on-silicon epiwafer.
Figure 73. Micro-LED chiplet architecture.
Figure 74. Concept Apple Vr Ar Mixed Reality Headset
Figure 75. 1.39-inch full-circle Micro-LED display 256
Figure 76. 9.4" flexible Micro-LED display.
Figure 77. BOE Mini-LED display TV.
Figure 78. BOE Mini-LED automotive display.
Figure 79. Image obtained on a blue active-matrix WVGA (wide video graphics array) micro display.
Figure 80. Fabrication of the 10-µm pixel pitch LED array on sapphire
Figure 81. A 200-mm wafer with CMOS active matrices for GaN 873 × 500-pixel micro display at 10-µm pitch.
Figure 82. IntelliPix™ design for 0.26? 1080p Micro-LED display
Figure 83. C Seed 165-inch M1 Micro-LED TV
Figure 84. N1 folding Micro-LED TV.
Figure 85. C Seed outdoor TV
Figure 86. Focally Universe AR glasses
Figure 87. Flexible Micro-LED
Figure 88. Jade Bird Display micro displays.
Figure 89. JBD's 0.13-inch panel.
Figure 90. 0.22” Monolithic full colour Micro-LED panel and inset shows a conceptual monolithic polychrome projector with a waveguide.
Figure 91. Prototype Micro-LED display
Figure 92. APHAEA Micro-LED watch
Figure 93. Lextar 2021 micro LED and mini LED products.
Figure 94. LSAB009 Micro-LED display
Figure 95. LG MAGNIT 4K 136-inch TV
Figure 96. 12" 100 PPI full-color stretchable microLED display
Figure 97. Schematic of Micro Nitride chip architecture
Figure 98. Nationstar Mini LED IMD Package P0.5mm
Figure 99. 9.4" flexible Micro-LED display.
Figure 100. 7.56-inch transparent Micro LED display.
Figure 101. PixeLED Matrix Modular Micro-LED Display in 132-inch.
Figure 102. Dashboard - 11.6-inch 24:9 Automotive Micro-LED Display
Figure 103. Center Console - 9.38-inch Transparent Micro-LED Display
Figure 104. 48 x 36 Passive Matrix Micro-LED display
Figure 105. Micro-LED micro display based on a native red InGaN LED
Figure 106. Micro-LED stretchable display.
Figure 107. The Wall
Figure 108. Samsung Neo QLED 8K.
Figure 109. NPQD™ Technology for Micro-LEDs
Figure 110. Wicop technology
Figure 111. B-Series and C-Series displays.
Figure 112. A micro-display with a stacked-RGB pixel array, where each pixel is an RGB-emitting stacked Micro-LED device (left). The micro-display showing a video of fireworks at night, demonstrating the full-colour capability (right). N.B. Areas around the display
Figure 113. TCL Mini-LED TV schematic
Figure 114. TCL 8K Mini-LED TV
Figure 115. The Cinema Wall Micro-LED display
Figure 116. Photo-polymer mass transfer process.
Figure 117. 7.56” Transparent Display
Figure 118. 7.56" Flexible Micro-LED.
Figure 119. 5.04" seamless splicing Micro LED
Figure 120. 7.56" Transparent Micro LED.
Figure 121. VueReal Flipchip Micro-LED (30x15 um2)
Figure 122. Vuzix uLED display engine