The Global Market for MicroLED Displays 2025-2035

2.1 The MiniLED market
2.2 The MicroLED market
2.3 The global display market
2.3.1 OLEDs
2.3.2 Quantum dots
2.3.3 Display technologies assessment
2.4 Benefits of MicroLEDs
2.5 Additive manufacturing for microLED micro-displays
2.6 MicroLEDs applications
2.7 Market and technology challenges
2.8 Industry developments 2020-2024
2.9 Recent microLED display innovations
2.10 Market activity in China
2.11 Global shipment forecasts for MicroLEDs to 2035
2.11.1 Units by market
2.11.2 Revenues
2.12 Cost evolution roadmap
2.13 Competitive Landscape
2.14 Technology Trends
2.14.1 MicroLED Efficiency and Display Power Consumption
2.14.2 MicroLED Die Architecture
2.14.3 Driving
2.14.4 Colour
2.14.5 MiP
2.14.6 Tiling
2.14.7 Transparent, Flexible and Stretchable Displays
2.14.8 Microdisplays
2.14.9 Sensors

3.1 What are MicroLEDs?
3.2 MiniLED (mLED) vs MicroLED (µLED)
3.2.1 Display configurations
3.2.2 Development
3.2.2.1 Sony
3.2.3 Types
3.2.4 Production
3.2.4.1 Integration
3.2.4.2 Transfer technologies
3.2.5 Comparison to LCD, OLED AND QD
3.2.6 MicroLED display specifications
3.2.7 Advantages
3.2.7.1 Transparency
3.2.7.2 Borderless
3.2.7.3 Flexibility
3.2.8 Tiled microLED displays
3.2.9 Costs
3.2.9.1 Relationship between microLED cost and die size

4.1 Epitaxy and Chip Processing
4.1.1 Materials
4.1.2 Substrates
4.1.2.1 Green gap
4.1.3 Wafer patterning
4.1.4 Metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD)
4.1.5 Epitaxial growth requirement
4.1.6 Molecular beam epitaxy (MBE)
4.1.7 Uniformity
4.2 Chip manufacturing
4.2.1 RGB microLED designs
4.2.2 Epi-film transfer
4.3 MicroLED Performances
4.3.1 Relationship between external quantum efficiency (EQE) and current density
4.3.2 Stability and thermal management
4.3.3 Size dependency
4.3.4 Surface recombination of carriers
4.3.5 Developing efficient high-performance RGB microLEDs
4.4 Transfer, Assembly and Integration Technologies
4.4.1 Monolithic integration
4.4.1.1 Overview
4.4.1.2 Companies
4.4.2 Heterogeneous Wafers
4.4.2.1 Array integration
4.4.2.2 Wafer bonding
4.4.2.3 Hybridization integration
4.4.2.4 Companies
4.4.3 Monolithic microLED arrays
4.4.4 GaN on Silicon
4.4.4.1 Overview
4.4.4.2 Types
4.4.4.2.1 GaN on sapphire
4.4.4.3 Challenges
4.4.4.4 Companies
4.4.5 Mass transfer
4.4.5.1 Chiplet Mass Transfer
4.4.5.2 Elastomer Stamp Transfer (Fine pick and place)
4.4.5.2.1 Overview
4.4.5.2.2 Controlling kinetic adhesion forces
4.4.5.2.3 Pixel pitch
4.4.5.2.4 Micro-transfer printing
4.4.5.2.5 Capillary-assisted transfer printing
4.4.5.2.6 Electrostatic array
4.4.5.2.7 Companies
4.4.5.3 Roll-to-Roll or Roll-to-Panel Imprinting
4.4.5.4 Laser enabled transfer
4.4.5.4.1 Overview
4.4.5.4.1.1 Selective transfer by selective bonding-debonding
4.4.5.4.2 Companies
4.4.5.5 Electrostatic Transfer
4.4.5.6 Micro-transfer
4.4.5.6.1 Overview
4.4.5.6.2 Micro-Pick-and-Place Transfer
4.4.5.6.3 Photo-Polymer Mass Transfer
4.4.5.6.4 Companies
4.4.5.7 Micro vacuum-based transfer
4.4.5.8 Adhesive Stamp
4.4.5.9 Self-Assembly
4.4.5.9.1 Overview
4.4.5.9.2 Fluidically Self-Assembled (FSA) technology
4.4.5.9.3 Magnetically-assisted assembly
4.4.5.9.4 Photoelectrochemically driven fluidic-assembly
4.4.5.9.5 Electrophoretic fluidic-assembly
4.4.5.9.6 Surface energy fluidic-assembly
4.4.5.9.7 Shape-based self-assembly
4.4.5.9.8 Companies
4.4.5.10 All-In-One Transfer
4.4.5.10.1 Overview
4.4.5.10.2 Heterogeneous Wafers in All-in-One Integration
4.4.5.10.2.1 Optoelectronic Array Integration
4.4.5.10.2.2 Wafer Bonding Process and Hybridization
4.4.5.10.3 Companies
4.4.6 Nanowires
4.4.6.1 Overview
4.4.6.1.1 Nanowire Growth on Silicon
4.4.6.1.2 Native EL RGB nanowires
4.4.6.1.3 3D Integration
4.4.7 Bonding and interconnection
4.4.7.1 Overview
4.4.7.2 Types of bonding
4.4.7.3 Microtube Interconnections

5.1 Overview
5.2 Defect types
5.3 Redundancy techniques
5.4 Repair
5.4.1 Techniques
5.4.2 Laser micro trimming

6.1 Comparison of technologies
6.2 Full colour conversion
6.3 UV LED
6.4 Colour filters
6.5 Stacked RGB MicroLEDs
6.5.1 Companies
6.6 Three panel microLED projectors
6.7 Phosphor Colour Conversion
6.7.1 Overview
6.7.1.1 Red-emitting phosphor materials
6.7.1.2 Thermal stability
6.7.1.3 Narrow-band green phosphors
6.7.1.4 High performance organic phosphors
6.7.2 Challenges
6.7.3 Companies
6.8 Quantum dots colour conversion
6.8.1 Mode of operation
6.8.2 Cadmium QDs
6.8.3 Cadmium-free QDs
6.8.4 Perovskite quantum dots
6.8.5 Graphene quantum dots
6.8.6 Phosphors and quantum dots
6.8.7 Quantum dots in microLED displays
6.8.7.1 Technology overview
6.8.7.2 QD-based display types
6.8.7.3 Quantum dot colour conversion (QDCC) technology for microLEDs
6.8.7.4 Efficiency drop and red shift in quantum dot emission for displays
6.8.7.5 High blue absorptive quantum dot materials for display
6.8.7.6 QD display pixel patterning techniques
6.8.7.6.1 Inkjet printing
6.8.7.6.2 Photoresists
6.8.7.6.3 Aerosol Jet Printing
6.8.8 Challenges
6.8.9 Companies
6.9 Quantum wells
6.10 Improving image quality

7.1 Overview
7.2 Light capture methods
7.3 Micro-catadioptric optical array
7.4 Additive manufacturing (AM) for engineered directional emission profiles

8.1 Overview
8.2 Technologies and materials
8.2.1 TFT materials
8.2.2 OLED Pixel Driving
8.2.3 TFT Backplane
8.2.4 Passive and active matrix addressing
8.2.4.1 Passive Matrix Addressing
8.2.4.2 Passive Driving Structure
8.2.4.3 Active Matrix Addressing
8.2.4.4 Pulse width modulation (PWM)
8.2.4.5 Driving voltage considerations for microLEDs
8.2.5 RGB Driving Schemes for MicroLED Displays
8.2.6 Active Matrix MicroLED Displays with LTPS Backplanes

9.1 CONSUMER ELECTRONIC DISPLAYS
9.1.1 Market map
9.1.2 Market adoption roadmap
9.1.3 Large flat panel displays and TVs
9.1.3.1 Samsung
9.1.3.1.1 Wall display
9.1.3.1.2 Neo QLED TV range
9.1.3.1.3 MicroLED CX TV line-up
9.1.3.2 LG
9.1.3.2.1 MAGNIT MicroLED TV
9.1.3.3 TCL CSOT
9.1.4 Smartwatches and wearables
9.1.4.1 Apple’s planned microLED smartwatch
9.1.4.2 Samsung
9.1.5 Smartphones
9.1.6 Laptops, monitors and tablets
9.1.7 Foldable and stretchable displays
9.1.7.1 The global foldable display market
9.1.7.2 Applications
9.1.7.2.1 Foldable TVs
9.1.7.2.2 Stretchable 12" microLED touch displays
9.1.7.2.3 Product developers
9.1.8 SWOT analysis
9.2 BIOTECH AND MEDICAL
9.2.1 The global medical display market
9.2.2 Applications
9.2.2.1 Implantable Devices
9.2.2.2 Lab-on-a-Chip
9.2.2.3 Endoscopy
9.2.2.4 Surgical Displays
9.2.2.5 Phototherapy
9.2.2.6 Biosensing
9.2.2.7 Brain Machine Interfaces
9.2.3 Product developers
9.2.4 SWOT analysis
9.3 AUTOMOTIVE
9.3.1 Global automotive displays market
9.3.2 Applications
9.3.2.1 Cabin Displays
9.3.2.2 Head-up displays (HUD)
9.3.2.3 Exterior Signaling and Lighting
9.3.3 Product developers
9.3.4 SWOT analysis
9.4 VIRTUAL REALITY (VR), AUGMENTED REALITY (AR) AND MIXED REALITY (MR)
9.4.1 Global market for virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and mixed reality (MR)
9.4.2 Applications
9.4.2.1 AR/VR Smart glasses and head-mounted displays (HMDs)
9.4.2.2 MicroLED contact lenses
9.4.3 Products developers
9.4.4 SWOT analysis
9.5 TRANSPARENT DISPLAYS
9.5.1 Global transparent displays market
9.5.2 Applications
9.5.2.1 Smart Windows
9.5.2.2 Display Glass Overlays
9.5.3 Product developers
9.5.4 SWOT analysis

Table 1. Announced MicroLED fabs
Table 2. Summary of display technologies
Table 3. Advantages of AM microLED micro-displays
Table 4. MicroLED applications
Table 5. Market and technology challenges for microLEDs
Table 6. MicroLED industry developments 2020-2024
Table 7. MicroLED product announcements at CES 2021
Table 8. MicroLED product announcements at CES 2022 and Display Week 2022
Table 9. MicroLED product announcements at CES 2023 and Display Week 2023
Table 10. MicroLED product announcements at CES 2024 and Display Week 2024
Table 11. MicroLED activity in China
Table 12. Global MicroLED display market (thousands of units) 2020-2035, by market
Table 13. LED size definitions
Table 14. Comparison between miniLED and microLED
Table 15. Comparison to conventional LEDs
Table 16. Types of MicroLED
Table 17. Summary of monolithic integration, monolithic hybrid integration (flip-chip/wafer bonding), and mass transfer technologies
Table 18. Summary of different mass transfer technologies
Table 19. MicroLED Comparison to LCD, OLED and QD
Table 20. Schematic comparison to LCD and OLED
Table 21. Commercially available MicroLED products and specifications
Table 22. Comparison of MicroLED with other display technologies
Table 23. MicroLED-based display advantages and disadvantages
Table 24. Materials for commercial LED chips
Table 25. Bandgap vs lattice constant for common III-V semiconductors used in LEDs
Table 26. Advantages and disadvantages of MOCVD
Table 27. Typical RGB microLED designs
Table 28. Size dependence of key parameters in microLEDs 99
Table 29. Transfer, assembly and integration technologies
Table 30. Companies utilizing monolithic integration for MicroLEDs
Table 31. Advantages and disadvantages of heterogeneous wafers
Table 32. Key players in heterogeneous wafers
Table 33. Fabricating monolithic micro-displays
Table 34. GaN-on-Si applications
Table 35. Different epitaxial growth methods for GaN-on-Silicon
Table 36. Comparison of GaN growth on sapphire vs silicon substrates
Table 37. Cost comparison of sapphire versus silicon substrates for GaN epitaxy 113
Table 38. Challenges of GaN-on-Silicon epitaxy and mitigation strategies
Table 39. Companies utilizing GaN microLEDs on silicon
Table 40. Mass transfer methods, by company
Table 41. Comparison of various mass transfer technologies
Table 42. Factors affecting transfer yield for microLED mass assembly
Table 43. Advantages and disadvantages of Elastomeric stamp for microLED mass transfer
Table 44. Companies utilizing elastomeric stamp transfer
Table 45. Laser beam requirement
Table 46. Companies utilizing laser-enabled transfer technology
Table 47. Companies developing micro-transfer printing technologies
Table 48. Types of self-assembly technologies
Table 49. Companies utilizing self-assembly
Table 50. Advantages and disadvantages of all-in-one CMOS driving technique
Table 51. Companies utilizing All-in-one transfer
Table 52. Comparison between 2D and 3D microLEDs
Table 53. Classification of key microLED bonding and interconnection techniques
Table 54. Types of bonding
Table 55. Strategies for full colour realization
Table 56. Comparison of colour conversion technologies for microLED displays
Table 57. Companies developing stacked RGB microLEDs
Table 58. Phosphor materials used for LED colour conversion
Table 59. Requirements for phosphors in LEDs
Table 60. Standard and emerging red-emitting phosphors
Table 61. Challenges with phosphor colour conversion
Table 62. Companies developing phosphors for MicroLEDs
Table 63. Comparative properties of conventional QDs and Perovskite QDs
Table 64. Properties of perovskite QLEDs comparative to OLED and QLED
Table 65. Perovskite-based QD producers
Table 66. Comparison between carbon quantum dots and graphene quantum dots
Table 67. Comparison of graphene QDs and semiconductor QDs
Table 68. Graphene quantum dots producers
Table 69. QDs vs phosphors
Table 70. QD-based display types
Table 71. Quantum dot (QD) patterning techniques
Table 72. Pros and cons of ink-jet printing for manufacturing displays
Table 73. Challenges with QD colour conversion
Table 74. Companies utilizing quantum dots in MicroLEDs
Table 75. Methods to capture light output
Table 76. Backplane and driving options for MicroLED displays
Table 77. Comparison between PM and AM addressing
Table 78. PAM vs PWM
Table 79. . Driving vs. EQE
Table 80. Comparison of LED TV technologies
Table 81. Samsung Neo QLED TV range
Table 82. LG mini QNED range 199
Table 83. Flexible, stretchable and foldable MicroLED products
Table 84. Medical display MicroLED products
Table 85. Automotive display & backlight architectures 218
Table 86. Applications of MicroLED in automotive
Table 87. Automotive display MicroLED products
Table 88. Comparison of AR Display Light Engines
Table 89. MicroLED based smart glass products
Table 90. MicroLED transparent displays
Table 91. Companies developing MicroLED transparent displays
Table 92. MicroLED supply chain
Table 93. LG mini QNED range 291
Table 94. Samsung Neo QLED TV range
Table 95. San’an Mini and MicroLED Production annual target
Table 96. NPQDTM vs Traditional QD based MicroLEDs
Table 97. TCL MiniLED product range

Figure 1. Blue GaN MicroLED arrays with 3um pixel pitch use polychromatic quantum dot integration to achieve full colour AR displays
Figure 2: QLED TV from Samsung
Figure 3. QD display products
Figure 4. The progress of display technology, from LCD to MicroLED
Figure 5. Head-up displays (HUD)
Figure 6. Public advertising displays
Figure 7. Wearable biomedical devices
Figure 8. Pico-projectors
Figure 9. Mojo Vision's 300-mm GaN-on-silicon blue LED wafer for microLED displays
Figure 10. Global MicroLED display market (thousands of units) 2020-2035
Figure 11. Global MicroLED display market 2020-2035, by market (Million USD)
Figure 12. Cost evolution roadmap 2024-2035
Figure 13. MicroLED display panel structure
Figure 14. Display system configurations
Figure 15. MicroLED schematic
Figure 16. Pixels per inch roadmap of µ-LED displays from 2007 to 2019
Figure 17. Mass transfer for µLED chips
Figure 18. Schematic diagram of mass transfer technologies
Figure 19. Lextar 10.6 inch transparent MicroLED display
Figure 20. Transition to borderless design
Figure 21. Process for LED Manufacturing
Figure 22. Main application scenarios of microLED display and their characteristic display area and pixel density
Figure 23. Conventional process used to fabricate microLED microdisplay devices
Figure 24. Process flow of Silicon Display of Sharp
Figure 25. JDB monolithic hybrid integration microLED chip fabrication process
Figure 26. Monolithic microLED array
Figure 27. Schematics of a elastomer stamping, b electrostatic/electromagnetic transfer, c laser-assisted transfer and d fluid self-assembly
Figure 28. Transfer process flow
Figure 29. XCeleprint Automated micro-transfer printing machinery
Figure 30. Schematics of Roll-based mass transfer
Figure 31. Schematic of laser-induced forward transfer technology
Figure 32. Schematic of fluid self-assembly technology
Figure 33. Fabrication of microLED chip array
Figure 34. Schematic of colour conversion technology
Figure 35. Process flow of a full-colour micro display
Figure 36. GE inkjet-printed red phosphors
Figure 37. Toray's organic colour conversion film
Figure 38. Quantum dot schematic
Figure 39. Quantum dot size and colour
Figure 40. (a) Emission colour and wavelength of QDs corresponding to their sizes (b) InP QDs; (c) InP/ZnSe/ZnS core-shell QDs
Figure 41. A pQLED device structure
Figure 42. Perovskite quantum dots under UV light
Figure 43. Market map for MicroLED displays
Figure 44. Market adoption roadmap for microLED displays
Figure 45. Samsung Wall display system
Figure 46. Samsung Neo QLED 8K
Figure 47. Samsung Electronics 89-inch microLED TV
Figure 48. MAGNIT MicroLED TV
Figure 49. MicroLED wearable display prototype
Figure 50. APHAEA Watch
Figure 51. AUO's 13.5-inch transparent RGB microLED display
Figure 52. AU Optonics Flexible MicroLED Display
Figure 53. Schematic of the TALT technique for wafer-level MicroLED transferring
Figure 54. 55” flexible AM panel
Figure 55. Foldable 4K C SEED M1
Figure 56. Stretchable 12" microLED touch displays
Figure 57. SWOT analysis: MicroLEDs in consumer electronics displays
Figure 58. MicroLEDs for medical applications 215
Figure 59. SWOT analysis: MicroLEDs in biotech and medical
Figure 60. 2023 Cadillac Lyriq EV incorporating miniLED display
Figure 61. MicroLED automotive display
Figure 62. Issues in current commercial automotive HUD
Figure 63. Rear lamp utilizing flexible MicroLEDs
Figure 64. SWOT analysis: MicroLEDs in automotive
Figure 65. LAWK ONE
Figure 66. JioGlass
Figure 67. Mojo Vision smart contact lens with an embedded MicroLED display
Figure 68. Cellid AR glasses, Exploded version
Figure 69. Air Glass
Figure 70. Panasonic MeganeX
Figure 71. Thunderbird Smart Glasses Pioneer Edition
Figure 72. RayNeo X2
Figure 73. tooz technologies smart glasses
Figure 74. Vuzix MicroLED micro display Smart Glasses
Figure 75. Leopard demo glasses by WaveOptics
Figure 76. SWOT analysis: MicroLEDs in virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and mixed reality (MR)
Figure 77. Different transparent displays and transmittance limitations
Figure 78. 7.56" high transparency & frameless MicroLED display
Figure 79. 17.3-inch transparent microLED AI display in a Taiwan Ferry
Figure 80. SWOT analysis: MicroLEDs in transparent displays
Figure 81. WireLED in 12” Silicon Wafer
Figure 82. Typical GaN-on-Si LED structure
Figure 83. 300 mm GaN-on-silicon epiwafer
Figure 84. MicroLED chiplet architecture
Figure 85. Concept Apple Vr Ar Mixed Reality Headset
Figure 86. 1.39-inch full-circle MicroLED display 251
Figure 87. 9.4" flexible MicroLED display
Figure 88. BOE MiniLED display TV
Figure 89. BOE MiniLED automotive display
Figure 90. Image obtained on a blue active-matrix WVGA (wide video graphics array) micro display
Figure 91. Fabrication of the 10-µm pixel pitch LED array on sapphire
Figure 92. A 200-mm wafer with CMOS active matrices for GaN 873 × 500-pixel micro display at 10-µm pitch
Figure 93. IntelliPix™ design for 0.26" 1080p MicroLED display
Figure 94. C Seed 165-inch M1 MicroLED TV
Figure 95. N1 folding MicroLED TV
Figure 96. C Seed outdoor TV
Figure 97. Focally Universe AR glasses
Figure 98. Flexible MicroLED
Figure 99. Jade Bird Display micro displays
Figure 100. JBD's 0.13-inch panel
Figure 101. 0.22” Monolithic full colour MicroLED panel and inset shows a conceptual monolithic polychrome projector with a waveguide
Figure 102. Prototype MicroLED display
Figure 103. APHAEA MicroLED watch
Figure 104. KONKA 59" tiled microLED TV prototype screen
Figure 105. Lextar 2021 microLED and mini LED products
Figure 106. LSAB009 MicroLED display
Figure 107. LG MAGNIT 4K 136-inch TV
Figure 108. 12" 100 PPI full-colour stretchable microLED display
Figure 109. Schematic of Micro Nitride chip architecture
Figure 110. Mojo Lens
Figure 111. Nationstar Mini LED IMD Package P0.5mm
Figure 112. 9.4" flexible MicroLED display
Figure 113. 7.56-inch transparent MicroLED display
Figure 114. PixeLED Matrix Modular MicroLED Display in 132-inch
Figure 115. Dashboard - 11.6-inch 24:9 Automotive MicroLED Display
Figure 116. Center Console - 9.38-inch Transparent MicroLED Display
Figure 117. 48 x 36 Passive Matrix MicroLED display
Figure 118. MicroLED micro display based on a native red InGaN LED
Figure 119. MicroLED stretchable display
Figure 120. The Wall
Figure 121. Samsung Neo QLED 8K
Figure 122. NPQD™ Technology for MicroLEDs
Figure 123. Wicop technology
Figure 124. B-Series and C-Series displays
Figure 125. A micro-display with a stacked-RGB pixel array, where each pixel is an RGB-emitting stacked MicroLED device (left). The micro-display showing a video of fireworks at night, demonstrating the full-colour capability (right). N.B. Areas around the display
Figure 126. TCL MiniLED TV schematic
Figure 127. TCL 8K MiniLED TV
Figure 128. The Cinema Wall MicroLED display
Figure 129. Photo-polymer mass transfer process
Figure 130. 7.56” Transparent Display
Figure 131. 7.56" Flexible MicroLED
Figure 132. 5.04" seamless splicing MicroLED
Figure 133. 7.56" Transparent MicroLED
Figure 134. VueReal Flipchip MicroLED (30x15 um2)
Figure 135. Vuzix uLED display engine