The Global Market for Printed and Flexible Electronics 2025-2035

1.1 The evolution of electronics
1.2 Markets for printed and flexible electronics
1.2.1 Macro-trends
1.2.2 Healthcare and wellness
1.2.3 Automotive
1.2.4 Buildings and construction
1.2.5 Energy storage and harvesting
1.2.6 E-Textiles
1.2.7 Consumer electronics
1.2.8 Smart packaging and logistics
1.3 The wearables revolution
1.4 The wearable tech market in 2024
1.5 Continuous monitoring
1.6 Market map for printed and flexible electronics
1.7 Wearable market leaders
1.8 What is printed/flexible electronics?
1.8.1 Motivation for use
1.8.2 From rigid to flexible and stretchable
1.8.2.1 Stretchable electronics
1.8.2.2 Stretchable electronics in wearables
1.8.2.3 Stretchable electronics in Medical devices
1.8.2.4 Stretchable electronics in sensors
1.8.2.5 Stretchable electronics in energy harvesting
1.8.2.6 Stretchable artificial skin
1.9 Role in the metaverse
1.10 Wearable electronics in the textiles industry
1.11 New conductive materials
1.12 Entertainment
1.13 Growth in flexible and stretchable electronics market
1.13.1 Recent growth in Printed, flexible and hyrbid products
1.13.2 Future growth
1.13.3 Advanced materials as a market driver
1.13.4 Growth in remote health monitoring and diagnostics
1.14 Innovations at CES 2021-2024 xxx
1.15 Investment funding and buy-outs 2019-2024
1.16 Flexible hybrid electronics (FHE)
1.17 Sustainability in flexible electronics
1.18 Global market revenues, 2018-2035
1.18.1 Consumer electronics
1.18.2 Medical & healthcare
1.18.3 E-textiles and smart apparel
1.18.4 Displays
1.18.5 Automotive
1.18.6 Smart buildings
1.18.7 Smart packaging

2.1 Comparative analysis
2.2 Printed electronics
2.2.1 Technology description
2.2.2 SWOT analysis
2.3 3D electronics
2.3.1 Technology description
2.3.2 SWOT analysis
2.4 Analogue printing
2.4.1 Technology description
2.4.2 SWOT analysis
2.5 Digital printing
2.5.1 Technology description
2.5.2 SWOT analysis
2.6 In-mold electronics (IME)
2.6.1 Technology description
2.6.2 SWOT analysis
2.7 Roll-to-roll (R2R)
2.7.1 Technology description
2.7.2 SWOT analysis

3.1 Component attachment materials
3.1.1 Conductive adhesives
3.1.2 Biodegradable adhesives
3.1.3 Magnets
3.1.4 Bio-based solders
3.1.5 Bio-derived solders
3.1.6 Recycled plastics
3.1.7 Nano adhesives
3.1.8 Shape memory polymers
3.1.9 Photo-reversible polymers
3.1.10 Conductive biopolymers
3.1.11 Traditional thermal processing methods
3.1.12 Low temperature solder
3.1.13 Reflow soldering
3.1.14 Induction soldering
3.1.15 UV curing
3.1.16 Near-infrared (NIR) radiation curing
3.1.17 Photonic sintering/curing
3.1.18 Hybrid integration
3.2 Conductive inks
3.2.1 Metal-based conductive inks
3.2.2 Nanoparticle inks
3.2.3 Silver inks
3.2.4 Particle-Free conductive ink
3.2.5 Copper inks
3.2.6 Gold (Au) ink
3.2.7 Conductive polymer inks
3.2.8 Liquid metals
3.2.9 Companies
3.3 Printable semiconductors
3.3.1 Technology overview
3.3.2 Advantages and disadvantages
3.3.3 SWOT analysis
3.4 Printable sensing materials
3.4.1 Overview
3.4.2 Types
3.4.3 SWOT analysis
3.5 Flexible Substrates
3.5.1 Flexible plastic substrates
3.5.1.1 Types of materials
3.5.1.2 Flexible (bio) polyimide PCBs
3.5.2 Paper substrates
3.5.2.1 Overview
3.5.3 Glass substrates
3.5.3.1 Overview
3.5.4 Textile substrates
3.6 Flexible ICs
3.6.1 Description
3.6.2 Flexible metal oxide ICs
3.6.3 Comparison of flexible integrated circuit technologies
3.6.4 SWOT analysis
3.7 Printed PCBs
3.7.1 Description
3.7.2 High-Speed PCBs
3.7.3 Flexible PCBs
3.7.4 3D Printed PCBs
3.7.5 Sustainable PCBs
3.8 Thin film batteries
3.8.1 Technology description
3.8.2 SWOT analysis
3.9 Energy harvesting
3.9.1 Approaches
3.9.2 Perovskite photovoltaics
3.9.3 Applications
3.9.4 SWOT analysis

4.1 Macro-trends
4.2 Market drivers
4.3 SWOT analysis
4.4 Wearable sensors
4.5 Wearable actuators
4.6 Recent market developments
4.7 Wrist-worn wearables
4.7.1 Overview
4.7.2 Sports-watches, smart-watches and fitness trackers
4.7.2.1 Sensing
4.7.2.2 Actuating
4.7.3 SWOT analysis
4.7.4 Health monitoring
4.7.5 Energy harvesting for powering smartwatches
4.7.6 Main producers and products
4.8 Sports and fitness
4.8.1 Overview
4.8.2 Wearable devices and apparel
4.8.3 Skin patches
4.8.4 Products
4.9 Hearables
4.9.1 Technology overview
4.9.2 Assistive Hearables
4.9.2.1 Biometric Monitoring
4.9.3 SWOT analysis
4.9.4 Health & Fitness Hearables
4.9.5 Multimedia Hearables
4.9.6 Artificial Intelligence (AI)
4.9.7 Companies and products
4.10 Sleep trackers and wearable monitors
4.10.1 Built in function in smart watches and fitness trackers
4.10.2 Smart rings
4.10.3 Headbands
4.10.4 Sleep monitoring devices
4.10.4.1 Companies and products
4.11 Pet and animal wearables
4.12 Military wearables
4.13 Industrial and workplace monitoring
4.13.1 Products
4.14 Global market forecasts
4.14.1 Volume
4.14.2 Revenues
4.15 Market challenges
4.16 Companies

5.1 Macro-trends
5.2 Market drivers
5.3 SWOT analysis
5.4 Current state of the art
5.4.1 Electrochemical biosensors
5.4.2 Skin patches for continuous monitoring
5.4.3 Printed pH sensors
5.4.4 Wearable medical device products
5.4.5 Temperature and respiratory rate monitoring
5.5 Wearable and health monitoring and rehabilitation
5.5.1 Market overview
5.5.2 Companies and products
5.6 Electronic skin patches
5.6.1 Electronic skin sensors
5.6.2 Conductive hydrogels for soft and flexible electronics
5.6.3 Nanomaterials-based devices
5.6.3.1 Graphene
5.6.4 Liquid metal alloys
5.6.5 Conductive hydrogels for soft and flexible electronics
5.6.6 Printed batteries
5.6.7 Materials
5.6.7.1 Summary of advanced materials
5.6.8 SWOT analysis
5.6.9 Temperature and respiratory rate monitoring
5.6.9.1 Market overview
5.6.9.2 Companies and products
5.6.10 Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM)
5.6.10.1 Market overview
5.6.11 Minimally-invasive CGM sensors
5.6.11.1 Technologies
5.6.12 Non-invasive CGM sensors
5.6.12.1 Commercial devices
5.6.12.2 Companies and products
5.6.13 Cardiovascular monitoring
5.6.13.1 Market overview
5.6.13.2 ECG sensors
5.6.13.2.1 Companies and products
5.6.13.3 PPG sensors
5.6.13.3.1 Companies and products
5.6.14 Pregnancy and newborn monitoring
5.6.14.1 Market overview
5.6.14.2 Companies and products
5.6.15 Hydration sensors
5.6.15.1 Market overview
5.6.15.2 Companies and products
5.6.16 Wearable sweat sensors (medical and sports)
5.6.16.1 Market overview
5.6.16.2 Companies and products
5.7 Wearable drug delivery
5.7.1 Companies and products
5.8 Cosmetics patches
5.8.1 Companies and products
5.9 Femtech devices
5.9.1 Companies and products
5.10 Smart footwear for health monitoring
5.10.1 Companies and products
5.11 Smart contact lenses and smart glasses for visually impaired
5.11.1 Companies and products
5.12 Smart woundcare
5.12.1 Companies and products
5.13 Smart diapers
5.13.1 Companies and products
5.14 Wearable robotics-exo-skeletons, bionic prostheses, exo-suits, and body worn collaborative robots
5.14.1 Companies and products
5.15 Global market forecasts
5.15.1 Volume
5.15.2 Revenues
5.16 Market challenges

6.1 Macro-trends
6.2 Market drivers
6.3 SWOT analysis
6.4 Performance requirements for E-textiles
6.5 Growth prospects for electronic textiles
6.6 Textiles in the Internet of Things
6.7 Types of E-Textile products
6.7.1 Embedded e-textiles
6.7.2 Laminated e-textiles
6.8 Materials and components
6.8.1 Integrating electronics for E-Textiles
6.8.1.1 Textile-adapted
6.8.1.2 Textile-integrated
6.8.1.3 Textile-based
6.8.2 Manufacturing of E-textiles
6.8.2.1 Integration of conductive polymers and inks
6.8.2.2 Integration of conductive yarns and conductive filament fibers
6.8.2.3 Integration of conductive sheets
6.8.3 Flexible and stretchable electronics in E-textiles
6.8.4 E-textiles materials and components
6.8.4.1 Conductive and stretchable fibers and yarns
6.8.4.1.1 Production
6.8.4.1.2 Metals
6.8.4.1.3 Carbon materials and nanofibers
6.8.4.1.3.1 Graphene
6.8.4.1.3.2 Carbon nanotubes
6.8.4.1.3.3 Nanofibers
6.8.4.2 Mxenes
6.8.4.3 Hexagonal boron-nitride (h-BN)/Bboron nitride nanosheets (BNNSs)
6.8.4.4 Conductive polymers
6.8.4.4.1 PDMS
6.8.4.4.2 PEDOT: PSS
6.8.4.4.3 Polypyrrole (PPy)
6.8.4.4.4 Conductive polymer composites
6.8.4.4.5 Ionic conductive polymers
6.8.4.5 Conductive inks
6.8.4.5.1 Aqueous-Based Ink
6.8.4.5.2 Solvent-Based Ink
6.8.4.5.3 Oil-Based Ink
6.8.4.5.4 Hot-Melt Ink
6.8.4.5.5 UV-Curable Ink
6.8.4.5.6 Metal-based conductive inks
6.8.4.5.6.1 Nanoparticle ink
6.8.4.5.6.2 Silver inks
6.8.4.5.6.3 Copper inks
6.8.4.5.6.4 Gold (Au) ink
6.8.4.5.7 Carbon-based conductive inks
6.8.4.5.7.1 Carbon nanotubes
6.8.4.5.7.2 Single-walled carbon nanotubes
6.8.4.5.7.3 Graphene
6.8.4.5.8 Liquid metals
6.8.4.5.8.1 Properties
6.8.4.6 Electronic filaments
6.8.4.7 Phase change materials
6.8.4.7.1 Temperature controlled fabrics
6.8.4.8 Shape memory materials
6.8.4.9 Metal halide perovskites
6.8.4.10 Nanocoatings in smart textiles
6.8.4.11 3D printing
6.8.4.11.1 Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM)
6.8.4.11.2 Selective Laser Sintering (SLS)
6.8.4.11.3 Products
6.8.5 E-textiles components
6.8.5.1 Sensors and actuators
6.8.5.1.1 Physiological sensors
6.8.5.1.2 Environmental sensors
6.8.5.1.3 Pressure sensors
6.8.5.1.3.1 Flexible capacitive sensors
6.8.5.1.3.2 Flexible piezoresistive sensors
6.8.5.1.3.3 Flexible piezoelectric sensors
6.8.5.1.4 Activity sensors
6.8.5.1.5 Strain sensors
6.8.5.1.5.1 Resistive sensors
6.8.5.1.5.2 Capacitive strain sensors
6.8.5.1.6 Temperature sensors
6.8.5.1.7 Inertial measurement units (IMUs)
6.8.5.2 Electrodes
6.8.5.3 Connectors
6.9 Applications, markets and products
6.9.1 Temperature monitoring and regulation
6.9.1.1 Heated clothing
6.9.1.2 Heated gloves
6.9.1.3 Heated insoles
6.9.1.4 Heated jacket and clothing products
6.9.1.5 Materials used in flexible heaters and applications
6.9.2 Stretchable E-fabrics
6.9.3 Therapeutic products
6.9.4 Sport & fitness
6.9.4.1 Products
6.9.5 Smart footwear
6.9.5.1 Companies and products
6.9.6 Wearable displays
6.9.7 Military
6.9.8 Textile-based lighting
6.9.8.1 OLEDs
6.9.9 Smart gloves
6.9.10 Powering E-textiles
6.9.10.1 Advantages and disadvantages of main battery types for E-textiles
6.9.10.2 Bio-batteries
6.9.10.3 Challenges for battery integration in smart textiles
6.9.10.4 Textile supercapacitors
6.9.10.5 Energy harvesting
6.9.10.5.1 Photovoltaic solar textiles
6.9.10.5.2 Energy harvesting nanogenerators
6.9.10.5.2.1 TENGs
6.9.10.5.2.2 PENGs
6.9.10.5.3 Radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting
6.9.11 Motion capture for AR/VR
6.10 Global market forecasts
6.10.1 Volume
6.10.2 Revenues
6.11 Market challenges
6.12 Companies

7.1 Macro-trends
7.2 Market drivers
7.3 SWOT analysis
7.4 Applications of printed and flexible electronics
7.5 Flexible and stretchable batteries for electronics
7.6 Approaches to flexibility
7.7 Flexible Battery Technologies
7.7.1 Thin-film Lithium-ion Batteries
7.7.1.1 Types of Flexible/stretchable LIBs
7.7.1.1.1 Flexible planar LiBs
7.7.1.1.2 Flexible Fiber LiBs
7.7.1.1.3 Flexible micro-LiBs
7.7.1.1.4 Stretchable lithium-ion batteries
7.7.1.1.5 Origami and kirigami lithium-ion batteries
7.7.1.2 Flexible Li/S batteries
7.7.1.3 Flexible lithium-manganese dioxide (Li-MnO2) batteries
7.7.2 Printed Batteries
7.7.2.1 Technical specifications
7.7.2.2 Components
7.7.2.3 Design
7.7.2.4 Key features
7.7.2.4.1 Printable current collectors
7.7.2.4.2 Printable electrodes
7.7.2.4.3 Materials
7.7.2.4.4 Applications
7.7.2.4.5 Printing techniques
7.7.2.4.6 Lithium-ion (LIB) printed batteries
7.7.2.4.7 Zinc-based printed batteries
7.7.2.4.8 3D Printed batteries
7.7.2.4.8.1 Materials for 3D printed batteries
7.7.3 Thin-Film Solid-state Batteries
7.7.3.1 Solid-state electrolytes
7.7.3.2 Features and advantages
7.7.3.3 Technical specifications
7.7.3.4 Microbatteries
7.7.3.4.1 Introduction
7.7.3.4.2 3D designs
7.7.4 Stretchable Batteries
7.7.5 Other Emerging Technologies
7.7.5.1 Metal-sulfur batteries
7.7.5.2 Flexible zinc-based batteries
7.7.5.3 Flexible silver-zinc (Ag-Zn) batteries
7.7.5.4 Flexible Zn-Air batteries
7.7.5.5 Flexible zinc-vanadium batteries
7.7.5.6 Fiber-shaped batteries
7.7.5.6.1 Carbon nanotubes
7.7.5.6.2 Applications
7.7.5.6.3 Challenges
7.7.5.7 Transparent batteries
7.7.5.7.1 Components
7.7.5.8 Degradable batteries
7.7.5.8.1 Components
7.7.5.9 Fiber-shaped batteries
7.7.5.9.1 Carbon nanotubes
7.7.5.9.2 Types
7.7.5.9.3 Applications
7.7.5.9.4 Challenges
7.8 Key Components of Flexible Batteries
7.8.1 Electrodes
7.8.1.1 Cable-type batteries
7.8.1.2 Batteries-on-wire
7.8.2 Electrolytes
7.8.3 Separators
7.8.4 Current Collectors
7.8.5 Packaging
7.8.5.1 Flexible Pouch Cells
7.8.5.2 Encapsulation Materials
7.8.6 Other Manufacturing Techniques
7.9 Performance Metrics and Characteristics
7.9.1 Energy Density
7.9.2 Power Density
7.9.3 Cycle Life
7.9.4 Flexibility and Bendability
7.10 Printed supercapacitors
7.10.1 Electrode materials
7.10.2 Electrolytes
7.11 Photovoltaics
7.11.1 Conductive pastes
7.11.2 Organic photovoltaics (OPV)
7.11.3 Perovskite PV
7.11.4 Flexible and stretchable photovoltaics
7.11.4.1 Companies
7.11.5 Photovoltaic solar textiles
7.11.6 Solar tape
7.11.7 Origami-like solar cells
7.11.8 Spray-on and stick-on perovskite photovoltaics
7.11.9 Photovoltaic solar textiles
7.12 Transparent and flexible heaters
7.12.1 Technology overview
7.12.2 Applications
7.12.2.1 Automotive Industry
7.12.2.1.1 Defrosting and Defogging Systems
7.12.2.1.2 Heated Windshields and Mirrors
7.12.2.1.3 Touch Panels and Displays
7.12.2.2 Aerospace and Aviation
7.12.2.2.1 Aircraft Windows and Canopies
7.12.2.2.2 Sensor and Camera Housings
7.12.2.3 Consumer Electronics
7.12.2.3.1 Smartphones and Tablets
7.12.2.3.2 Wearable Devices
7.12.2.3.3 Smart Home Appliances
7.12.2.4 Building and Architecture
7.12.2.4.1 Smart Windows
7.12.2.4.2 Heated Glass Facades
7.12.2.4.3 Greenhouse and Skylight Applications
7.12.2.5 Medical and Healthcare
7.12.2.5.1 Incubators and Warming Beds
7.12.2.5.2 Surgical Microscopes and Endoscopes
7.12.2.5.3 Medical Imaging Equipment
7.12.2.6 Display Technologies
7.12.2.6.1 LCD Displays
7.12.2.6.2 OLED Displays
7.12.2.6.3 Flexible and Transparent Displays
7.12.2.7 Energy Systems
7.12.2.7.1 Solar Panels (De-icing and Efficiency Enhancement)
7.12.2.7.2 Fuel Cells
7.12.2.7.3 Battery Systems
7.13 Thermoelectric energy harvesting
7.14 Market challenges
7.15 Global market forecasts
7.15.1 Volume
7.15.2 Revenues
7.16 Companies

8.1 Macro-trends
8.2 Market drivers
8.3 SWOT analysis
8.4 Printed and flexible display prototypes and products
8.5 Organic LCDs (OLCDs)
8.6 Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs)
8.7 Inorganic LEDs
8.8 Flexible AMOLEDs
8.9 Flexible PMOLED (Passive Matrix OLED)
8.9.1 Printed OLEDs
8.9.1.1 Performance
8.9.1.2 Challenges
8.10 Flexible and foldable microLED
8.10.1 Foldable microLED displays
8.10.2 Product developers
8.11 Flexible QD displays
8.12 Smartphones
8.13 Laptops, tablets and other displays
8.14 Products and prototypes
8.15 Flexible lighting
8.15.1 OLED lighting
8.15.2 Automotive applications
8.15.2.1 Commercial activity
8.16 FHE for large area lighting
8.17 Directly printed LED lighting
8.18 Flexible electrophoretic displays
8.18.1 Commercial activity
8.19 Electrowetting displays
8.20 Electrochromic displays
8.21 Perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs)
8.21.1 Types
8.21.2 Challenges
8.21.3 White PeLEDs
8.21.4 Printable and flexible electronics
8.22 Metamaterials
8.22.1 Metasurfaces
8.22.1.1 Flexible metasurfaces
8.22.1.2 Meta-Lens
8.22.1.3 Metasurface holograms
8.22.1.4 Stretchable displays
8.22.1.5 Soft materials
8.23 Transparent displays
8.23.1 Product developers
8.24 Global market forecasts
8.24.1 Volume
8.24.2 Revenues
8.25 Market challenges
8.26 Companies

9.1 Macro-trends
9.2 Market drivers
9.3 SWOT analysis
9.4 Applications
9.4.1 Electric vehicles
9.4.1.1 Applications
9.4.1.2 Battery monitoring and heating
9.4.1.3 Printed temperature sensors and heaters
9.4.2 HMI
9.4.3 Automotive displays and lighting
9.4.3.1 Interiors
9.4.3.1.1 OLED and flexible displays
9.4.3.1.2 Passive-matrix OLEDs
9.4.3.1.3 Active matrix OLED
9.4.3.1.4 Transparent OLED for heads-up displays
9.4.3.1.5 LCD displays
9.4.3.1.6 Curved displays
9.4.3.1.6.1 Overview
9.4.3.1.6.2 Automotive applications
9.4.3.1.6.3 Companies
9.4.3.1.7 Micro-LEDs in automotive displays
9.4.3.1.7.1 Head-up display (HUD)
9.4.3.1.7.2 Headlamps
9.4.3.1.7.3 Product developers
9.4.3.2 Exteriors
9.4.4 In-Mold Electronics
9.4.5 Printed and flexible sensors
9.4.5.1 Capacitive sensors
9.4.5.2 Flexible and stretchable pressure sensors
9.4.5.3 Piezoresistive sensors
9.4.5.4 Piezoelectric sensors
9.4.5.5 Image sensors
9.4.5.5.1 Materials and technologies
9.4.6 Printed heaters
9.4.6.1 Printed car seat heaters
9.4.6.2 Printed/flexible interior heaters
9.4.6.3 Printed on-glass heater
9.4.6.4 Carbon nanotube transparent conductors
9.4.6.5 Metal mesh transparent conductors
9.4.6.6 3D shaped transparent heaters
9.4.6.7 Direct heating
9.4.6.8 Transparent heaters
9.4.7 Transparent antennas
9.5 Global market forecasts
9.5.1 Volume
9.5.2 Revenues
9.6 Market challenges
9.7 Companies

10.1 Market overview
10.2 Printed piezoresistive sensors
10.2.1 Technology overview
10.2.2 Applications
10.2.2.1 Automotive
10.2.2.2 Consumer electronics
10.2.2.3 Medical
10.2.2.4 Inventory management
10.2.2.5 Industrial applications
10.3 Printed piezoelectric sensors
10.3.1 Technology overview
10.3.2 Applications
10.4 Printed photodetectors
10.4.1 Technology overview
10.4.2 Applications
10.4.2.1 Image Sensors
10.4.2.2 Biometrics
10.4.2.3 Flexible X-ray detectors
10.4.2.4 Healthcare and Wearables
10.4.2.5 Inventory Management
10.5 Printed temperature sensors
10.5.1 Technology overview
10.5.2 Applications
10.5.2.1 Automotive
10.5.2.2 Monitoring Systems
10.5.2.3 Consumer Electronics
10.6 Printed strain sensors
10.6.1 Technology overview
10.6.2 Applications
10.6.2.1 Industrial health monitoring
10.6.2.2 Motion Capture for AR/VR
10.6.2.3 Healthcare and Medical
10.7 Printed Gas Sensors
10.7.1 Technology overview
10.7.2 Applications
10.7.2.1 Outdoor Pollution Monitoring
10.7.2.2 Indoor Air Quality
10.7.2.3 Automotive
10.7.2.4 Breath Diagnostics
10.8 Printed capacitive sensors
10.8.1 Technology overview
10.8.2 Applications
10.8.2.1 3D electronics
10.8.2.2 In-mold Electronics
10.8.2.3 Hybrid Sensors
10.8.2.4 Flexible Displays
10.8.2.5 Automotive HMI
10.8.2.6 Wearables and AR/VR
10.8.2.7 Other Applications
10.9 Printed wearable electrodes
10.9.1 Technology overview
10.9.2 Applications
10.9.2.1 Wearable EMG
10.9.2.2 Skin Patches and E-Textiles
10.10 Global market forecasts
10.10.1 Volume
10.10.2 Revenues
10.11 Companies

11.1 Macro-trends
11.2 Market drivers
11.3 SWOT analysis
11.4 Applications
11.4.1 Industrial asset tracking/monitoring with hybrid electronics
11.4.2 Customizable interiors
11.4.3 Sensors
11.4.3.1 Capacitive sensors
11.4.3.2 Temperature and humidity sensors
11.4.3.3 Sensors for air quality
11.4.3.4 Magnetostrictive sensors
11.4.3.5 Magneto- and electrorheological fluids
11.4.3.6 CO2 sensors for energy efficient buildings
11.4.4 Building integrated transparent antennas
11.4.5 Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS)
11.4.6 Industrial monitoring
11.5 Global market forecasts
11.5.1 Revenues
11.6 Companies

12.1 What is Smart Packaging?
12.1.1 Flexible hybrid electronics (FHE)
12.1.2 Printed batteries and antennas
12.1.3 Flexible silicon integrated circuits
12.1.4 Natural materials in packaging
12.1.5 Extruded conductive pastes and inkjet printing
12.1.6 OLEDs for smart and interactive packaging
12.1.7 Active packaging
12.1.8 Intelligent packaging
12.1.8.1 Smart Cards
12.1.8.2 RFID tags
12.1.8.2.1 Low-frequency (LF) RFID tags: 30 KHz to 300 KHz
12.1.8.2.2 High-frequency (HF) RFID tags: 3 to 30 MHz
12.1.8.2.3 Ultra-high-frequency (UHF) RFID tags: 300 MHz to 3GHz
12.1.8.2.4 Active, passive and semi-passive RFID tags
12.1.8.3 Temperature Indicators
12.1.8.4 Freshness Indicators
12.1.8.5 Gas Indicators
12.2 SWOT analysis
12.3 Supply chain management
12.4 Improving product freshness and extending shelf life
12.5 Brand protection and anti-counterfeiting
12.6 Printed and flexible electronics in packaging
12.6.1 FHE with printed batteries and antennas for smart packaging
12.6.2 Printed codes and markings
12.6.3 Barcodes (D)
12.6.4 D data matrix codes
12.6.5 Augmented reality (AR) codes
12.6.6 Sensors and indicators
12.6.6.1 Freshness Indicators
12.6.6.2 Time-temperature indicator labels (TTIs)
12.6.6.3 Natural colour formulation indicator
12.6.6.4 Thermochromic inks
12.6.6.5 Gas indicators
12.6.6.6 Chemical Sensors
12.6.6.7 Electrochemical-Based Sensors
12.6.6.8 Optical-Based Sensors
12.6.6.9 Biosensors
12.6.6.9.1 Electrochemical-Based Biosensors
12.6.6.9.2 Optical-Based Biosensors
12.6.6.10 Edible Sensors
12.6.7 Antennas
12.6.7.1 Radio frequency identification (RFID)
12.6.7.1.1 RFID technologies
12.6.7.1.1.1 Biosensors on RFID tags
12.6.7.1.1.2 Powerless RFID sensor tags
12.6.7.1.1.3 RFID ICs with Large Area Printed Sensors
12.6.7.1.1.4 RFID for anti-counterfeiting
12.6.7.1.2 Passive RFID
12.6.7.1.3 Active RFID
12.6.7.1.3.1 Real Time Locating Systems (RTLS)
12.6.7.1.3.2 Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) and Low Power Wide Area Networks (LPWAN)
12.6.7.1.4 Chipless RFID or Flexible/Printed IC Passive tags
12.6.7.1.5 RAIN (UHF RFID) Smart Packaging
12.6.7.2 Near-field communications (NFC)
12.6.8 Smart blister packs
12.7 Global market forecasts
12.7.1 Volume
12.7.2 Revenues
12.8 Companies

Table 1. Macro-trends driving printed/flexible electronics
Table 2. Applications of printed and flexible electronics in healthcare & wellness
Table 3. Applications of printed and flexible electronics in automotive
Table 4. Applications of printed and flexible electronics in buildings and construction
Table 5. Applications of printed and flexible electronics in energy storage and harvesting
Table 6. Applications of printed and flexible electronics in E-textiles
Table 7. Applications of printed and flexible electronics in consumer electronics
Table 8. Applications of printed and flexible electronics in smart packaging and logistics
Table 9. Types of wearable devices and applications
Table 10. Types of wearable devices and the data collected
Table 11. Main Wearable Device Companies by Shipment Volume, Market Share, and Year-Over-Year Growth, (million units)
Table 12. New wearable tech products 2022-2024
Table 13. Wearable market leaders by market segment
Table 14.Stretchable Electronics Applications
Table 15. Applications of stretchable electronics in wearables
Table 16. Applications of stretchable electronics in sensors
Table 17. Applications of stretchable artificial skin electronics
Table 18. Applications for printed flexible and stretchable electronics in the metaverse
Table 19. Advanced materials for Printed and Flexible and sensors and electronics-Advantages and disadvantages
Table 20. Sheet resistance (RS) and transparency (T) values for transparent conductive oxides and alternative materials for transparent conductive electrodes (TCE)
Table 21. Applications of printed flexible and stretchable electronics in the entertainment industry
Table 22. Wearable, printed and flexible electronics at CES 2021-2024
Table 23. Wearables Investment funding and buy-outs 2019-2024
Table 24. Comparative analysis of conventional and flexible hybrid electronics
Table 25. Materials, components, and manufacturing methods for FHE
Table 26. Research and commercial activity in FHE
Table 27. Global market revenues for Printed & Flexible consumer electronics, 2018-2035, (millions USD)
Table 28. Global market for Printed & Flexible medical & healthcare electronics, 2018-2035, millions of US dollars
Table 29. Global market for Printed & Flexible E-textiles and smart apparel electronics, 2018-2035, millions of US dollars
Table 30. Global market for Printed & Flexible displays, 2018-2035, millions of US dollars
Table 31. Global market for Printed & Flexible automotive electronics, 2018-2035, millions of US dollars
Table 32. Global market for Printed & Flexible smart buildings electronics, 2018-2035, millions of US dollars
Table 33. Global market for Printed & Flexible smart packaging electronics, 2018-2035, millions of US dollars
Table 34. Manufacturing methods for printed, flexible and hybrid electronics
Table 35. Common printing methods used in printed electronics manufacturing in terms of resolution vs throughput
Table 36. Manufacturing methods for 3D electronics
Table 37. Readiness level of various additive manufacturing technologies for electronics applications
Table 38. Fully 3D printed electronics process steps
Table 39. Manufacturing methods for Analogue manufacturing
Table 40. Technological and commercial readiness level of analogue printing methods
Table 41. Manufacturing methods for Digital printing
Table 42. Innovations in high resolution printing
Table 43. Key manufacturing methods for creating smart surfaces with integrated electronics
Table 44. IME manufacturing techniques
Table 45. Applications of R2R electronics manufacturing
Table 46. Technology readiness level for R2R manufacturing
Table 47. Materials for printed and flexible electronics
Table 48. Comparison of component attachment materials
Table 49. Comparison between sustainable and conventional component attachment materials for printed circuit boards
Table 50. Comparison between the SMAs and SMPs
Table 51. Comparison of conductive biopolymers versus conventional materials for printed circuit board fabrication
Table 52. Low temperature solder alloys
Table 53. Thermally sensitive substrate materials
Table 54. Typical conductive ink formulation
Table 55. Comparative properties of conductive inks
Table 56. Comparison of the electrical conductivities of liquid metal with typical conductive inks
Table 57. Conductive ink producers
Table 58. Technology readiness level of printed semiconductors
Table 59. Organic semiconductors: Advantages and disadvantages
Table 60. Market Drivers for printed/flexible sensors
Table 61. Overview of specific printed/flexible sensor types
Table 62. Properties of typical flexible substrates
Table 63. Comparison of stretchable substrates
Table 64. Main types of materials used as flexible plastic substrates in flexible electronics
Table 65. Applications of flexible (bio) polyimide PCBs
Table 66. Paper substrates: Advantages and disadvantages
Table 67. Comparison of flexible integrated circuit technologies
Table 68. PCB manufacturing process
Table 69. Challenges in PCB manufacturing
Table 70. 3D PCB manufacturing
Table 71. Macro-trends in consumer electronics
Table 72. Market drivers and trends in wearable electronics
Table 73. Types of wearable sensors
Table 74. Trends in wearable technology
Table 75. Different sensing modalities that can be incorporated into wrist-worn wearable device
Table 76. Overview of actuating at the wrist
Table 77. Wearable health monitors
Table 78. Sports-watches, smart-watches and fitness trackers producers and products
Table 79. Wearable sensors for sports performance
Table 80. Wearable sensor products for monitoring sport performance
Table 81. Product types in the hearing assistance technology market
Table 82. Sensing options in the ear
Table 83. Companies and products in hearables
Table 84. Wearable sleep tracker products and prices
Table 85. Smart ring products
Table 86. Sleep headband products
Table 87. Sleep monitoring products
Table 88. Pet wearable companies and products
Table 89. Wearable electronics applications in the military
Table 90. Wearable workplace products
Table 91. Global market for printed and flexible consumer electronics 2020-2035 by type (Millions Units)
Table 92. Global market revenues for Printed & Flexible consumer electronics, 2018-2035, (millions USD)
Table 93. Market challenges in consumer wearable electronics
Table 94. Market players in printed and flexible consumer electronics
Table 95. Macro trends in medical & healthcare/ wellness
Table 96. Market drivers for printed, flexible and stretchable medical and healthcare sensors and wearables
Table 97. Healthcare/wellness applications for printed/flexible electronics
Table 98. Examples of wearable medical device products
Table 99. Medical wearable companies applying products to remote monitoring and analysis
Table 100. Electronic skin patch manufacturing value chain
Table 101. Benefits of electronic skin patches as a form factor
Table 102. Current and emerging applications for electronic skin patches
Table 103. Applications in flexible and stretchable health monitors, by advanced materials type and benefits thereof
Table 104. Medical wearable companies applying products to temperate and respiratory monitoring and analysis
Table 105. Technologies for minimally-invasive and non-invasive glucose detection-advantages and disadvantages
Table 106. Commercial devices for non-invasive glucose monitoring not released or withdrawn from market
Table 107. Minimally-invasive and non-invasive glucose monitoring products
Table 108. Companies developing wearable sweat sensors
Table 109. Wearable drug delivery companies and products
Table 110. Companies and products in cosmetics patches
Table 111. Companies developing femtech wearable technology
Table 112. Companies and products in smart footwear
Table 113. Companies and products in smart contact lenses
Table 114. Companies and products in smart wound care
Table 115. Companies developing smart diaper products
Table 116. Companies developing wearable robotics
Table 117. Global Market for Printed and Flexible Medical & Healthcare Electronics 2020-2035 (Million Units)
Table 118. Global market for printed and flexible medical & healthcare electronics, 2020-2035, millions of US dollars
Table 119. Market challenges in medical and healthcare sensors and wearables
Table 120. Macro-trends for electronic textiles
Table 121. Market drivers for printed, flexible, stretchable and organic electronic textiles
Table 122. Examples of smart textile products
Table 123. Performance requirements for E-textiles
Table 124. Commercially available smart clothing products
Table 125. Types of smart textiles
Table 126. Comparison of E-textile fabrication methods
Table 127. Types of fabrics for the application of electronic textiles
Table 128. Methods for integrating conductive compounds
Table 129. Methods for integrating conductive yarn and conductive filament fiber
Table 130. 1D electronic fibers including the conductive materials, fabrication strategies, electrical conductivity, stretchability, and applications
Table 131. Conductive materials used in smart textiles, their electrical conductivity and percolation threshold
Table 132. Metal coated fibers and their mechanisms
Table 133. Applications of carbon nanomaterials and other nanomaterials in e-textiles
Table 134. Applications and benefits of graphene in textiles and apparel
Table 135. Properties of CNTs and comparable materials
Table 136. Properties of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN)
Table 137. Types of flexible conductive polymers, properties and applications
Table 138. Typical conductive ink formulation
Table 139. Comparative properties of conductive inks
Table 140. Comparison of pros and cons of various types of conductive ink compositions
Table 141. Properties of CNTs and comparable materials
Table 142. Properties of graphene
Table 143. Electrical conductivity of different types of graphene
Table 144. Comparison of the electrical conductivities of liquid metal with typical conductive inks
Table 145. Nanocoatings applied in the smart textiles industry-type of coating, nanomaterials utilized, benefits and applications
Table 146. 3D printed shoes
Table 147. Sensors used in electronic textiles
Table 148. Features of flexible strain sensors with different structures
Table 149. Features of resistive and capacitive strain sensors
Table 150. Typical applications and markets for e-textiles
Table 151. Heated jacket products
Table 152. Heated jacket and clothing products
Table 153. Examples of materials used in flexible heaters and applications
Table 154. Commercialized smart textiles/or e-textiles for healthcare and fitness applications
Table 155. Wearable sensor products for monitoring sport performance
Table 156.Companies and products in smart footwear
Table 157. Wearable Displays Applications
Table 158. Types of Wearable Displays
Table 159. Commercial Examples of Wearable Displays
Table 160. Wearable electronics applications in the military
Table 161. Smart glove products
Table 162. Advantages and disadvantages of batteries for E-textiles
Table 163. Comparison of prototype batteries (flexible, textile, and other) in terms of area-specific performance
Table 164. Advantages and disadvantages of photovoltaic, piezoelectric, triboelectric, and thermoelectric energy harvesting in of e-textiles
Table 165. Teslasuit
Table 166. Global market for printed and flexible E-textiles and smart apparel electronics, 2020-2035 (Million Units)
Table 167. Global market for printed and flexible E-textiles and smart apparel electronics, 2020-2035, millions of US dollars
Table 168. Market and technical challenges for E-textiles and smart clothing
Table 169. Market players in E-textiles
Table 170. Macro-trends in printed and flexible electronics in energy
Table 171. Market drivers for Printed and flexible electronic energy storage, generation and harvesting
Table 172. Energy applications for printed/flexible electronics
Table 173. Comparison of Flexible and Traditional Lithium-Ion Batteries
Table 174. Material Choices for Flexible Battery Components
Table 175. Flexible Li-ion battery prototypes
Table 176. Thin film vs bulk solid-state batteries
Table 177. Summary of fiber-shaped lithium-ion batteries
Table 178. Main components and properties of different printed battery types
Table 179, Types of printable current collectors and the materials commonly used
Table 180. Applications of printed batteries and their physical and electrochemical requirements
Table 181. 2D and 3D printing techniques
Table 182. Printing techniques applied to printed batteries
Table 183. Main components and corresponding electrochemical values of lithium-ion printed batteries
Table 184. Printing technique, main components and corresponding electrochemical values of printed batteries based on Zn-MnO2 and other battery types
Table 185. Main 3D Printing techniques for battery manufacturing
Table 186. Electrode Materials for 3D Printed Batteries
Table 187. Main Fabrication Techniques for Thin-Film Batteries
Table 188. Types of solid-state electrolytes
Table 189. Market segmentation and status for solid-state batteries
Table 190. Typical process chains for manufacturing key components and assembly of solid-state batteries
Table 191. Comparison between liquid and solid-state batteries
Table 192. Types of fiber-shaped batteries
Table 193. Components of transparent batteries
Table 194. Components of degradable batteries
Table 195. Types of fiber-shaped batteries
Table 196. Organic vs. Inorganic Solid-State Electrolytes
Table 197. Electrode designs in flexible lithium-ion batteries
Table 198. Packaging Procedures for Pouch Cells
Table 199. Performance Metrics and Characteristics for Printed and Flexible Batteries
Table 200. Methods for printing supercapacitors
Table 201. Electrode Materials for printed supercapacitors
Table 202. Electrolytes for printed supercapacitors
Table 203. Main properties and components of printed supercapacitors
Table 204. Conductive pastes for photovoltaics
Table 205. Companies commercializing thin film flexible photovoltaics
Table 206. Examples of materials used in flexible heaters and applications
Table 207. Transparent heaters for exterior lighting / sensors / windows
Table 208. Types of transparent heaters for automotive exterior applications
Table 209. Smart Window Applications of Transparent Heaters
Table 210. Applications of Printed and Flexible Fuel Cells
Table 211. Market challenges in printed and flexible electronics for energy
Table 212. Global market for printed and flexible energy storage, generation and harvesting electronics, 2020-2035 by type (Volume)
Table 213. Global market for printed and flexible energy storage, generation and harvesting electronics, 2020-2035, millions of US dollars
Table 214. Market players in printed and flexible energy storage and harvesting
Table 215. Macro-trends in displays
Table 216. Market drivers for Printed and flexible displays and electronic components
Table 217. Printed and flexible displays products
Table 218. Flexible miniLED and MicroLED products
Table 219. Comparison of performance metrics between microLEDs and other commercial display technologies
Table 220. Foldable smartphones, laptops and tablets and other display products, on or near market
Table 221. Companies developing OLED lighting products
Table 222. Types of electrochromic materials and applications
Table 223. Applications of Mini-LED and Micro-LED transparent displays
Table 224. Companies developing Micro-LED transparent displays
Table 225. Estimated Global Market for Flexible Displays (Million Units)*
Table 226. Global market for printed and flexible displays, 2020-2035, millions of US dollars
Table 227. Market challenges in printed and flexible displays
Table 228. Market players in printed and flexible displays
Table 229. Macro-trends in automotive
Table 230. Market drivers for printed and flexible electronics in automotive
Table 231. Printed and flexible electronics in the automotive market
Table 232. Printed/flexible electronics in automotive displays and lighting
Table 233. Printed and flexible electronics are being integrated into vehicle interiors
Table 234. Applications of curved displays in automotive and technology readiness level (TRL)
Table 235. Companies developing curved automotive displays
Table 236. Applications of Micro-LED in automotive
Table 237. HUD vs other display types
Table 238. Automotive display Mini-LED and Micro-LED products
Table 239. Conductive materials for transparent capacitive sensors
Table 240. Automotive applications for printed piezoresistive sensors
Table 241. Piezoelectric sensors for automotive applications
Table 242. Printed piezoelectric sensors in automotive applications
Table 243. SWIR for autonomous mobility and ADAS
Table 244. Types of printed photodetectors and image sensors developed for automotive applications
Table 245. Comparison of SWIR image sensors technologies
Table 246. Comparison of conventional and printed seat heaters for automotive applications
Table 247. Printed car seat heaters
Table 248. Types of Printed/flexible interior heaters
Table 249. Transparent heaters for exterior lighting / sensors / windows
Table 250. Types of transparent heaters for automotive exterior applications
Table 251. Transparent electronics for automotive radar for ADAS
Table 252. Global Market for Automotive Electronics (Million Units)
Table 253. Global market for printed and flexible automotive electronics, 2020-2035, millions of US dollars
Table 254. Market challenges for printed and flexible electronics in automotive
Table 255. Market players in printed and flexible electronics in automotive
Table 256. Market opportunities in printed and flexible sensors
Table 257.Growth Opportunities in Printed and Flexible Sensors
Table 258. Growth Markets for Printed Sensor Technology
Table 259.Manufacturing Methods for Printed Piezoresistive Sensors
Table 260. Piezoresistive vs Capacitive Touch Sensors
Table 261. Printed piezoresistive sensors applications
Table 262. Manufacturing Process of Piezoelectric Polymers
Table 263. Printed Piezoelectric Materials in Sensors
Table 264. Printed piezoelectric sensors Applications
Table 265. Comparison of Photodetector Technologies
Table 266. Materials for Thin Film Photodetectors
Table 267. Pros and Cons of Printed QD Manufacturing Methods
Table 268. Printed photodetectors Applications
Table 269. Types of Temperature Sensors
Table 270. Printed Temperature Sensor Materials and Printing Methods
Table 271. Printed temperature sensors Applications
Table 272. Printed strain sensors Applications
Table 273. Types and Materials for Printed Gas Sensors
Table 274. Printed Gas Sensor Applications
Table 275. Printed Capacitive Sensor Technologies
Table 276. Materials Used in Printed Capacitive Sensors
Table 277. Printed capacitive sensors Applications
Table 278. Applications and Product Types of Printed Wearable Electrodes
Table 279. Wet vs. Dry Electrodes for Wearable Applications
Table 280. Applications of printed wearable electrodes
Table 281. Global market for printed/flexible sensors 2020-2035 by market (Volume in Millions of Units)
Table 282. Global market for printed/flexible sensors 2020-2035 by market (Billions USD)
Table 283. Market players in printed and flexible sensors
Table 284. Macro-trends in smart buildings and construction
Table 285. Market drivers for smart sensors for buildings
Table 286. Printed and flexible electronics being applied for building, infrastructure, and industrial applications
Table 287. Printed electronics in customizable smart building interiors
Table 288. Types of smart building sensors
Table 289. Commonly used sensors in smart buildings
Table 290. Capacitive sensors integrated into smart buildings
Table 291. Types of flexible humidity sensors
Table 292. MOF sensor applications
Table 293. Global market for printed and flexible smart buildings electronics, 2020-2035, millions of US dollars
Table 294. Market players in printed and flexible smart buildings electronics
Table 295. Consumer goods applications for printed/flexible electronics
Table 296. Types of Active packaging
Table 297. Commercially available food active packaging
Table 298. Types of intelligent packaging
Table 299. Types of RFID tags
Table 300. Commercially available time-temperature indicators (TTI) indicators
Table 301. Commercially available freshness indicators
Table 302. Commercially available gas indicators
Table 303. Supply chain management considerations for smart electronic packaging targeted at consumers
Table 304. Types of printed/flexible electronics and materials that can be used to enhance packaging barcodes
Table 305. Commercially available freshness indicators
Table 306. Commercial examples of time-temperature indicators
Table 307. Examples of Chemical Time Temperature Indicators (TTIs)
Table 308. Types of ripeness indicators
Table 309. Commercially available gas indicators
Table 310. Chemical sensors in smart packaging
Table 311. Electrochemical-based sensors for smart food packaging
Table 312. Optical-based sensors for smart food packaging applications
Table 313. Electrochemical biosensors for smart food packaging:
Table 314. Optical-Based Biosensors for smart food packaging
Table 315. Types of edible sensors for food packaging
Table 316. Commercially available radio frequency identification systems (RFID) technology
Table 317. Passive RFID: Technologies by Operating Frequency
Table 318. Examples of NFC in packaging
Table 319. Companies in smart blister packs
Table 320. Global Market for Smart Packaging Electronics (Million Units)
Table 321. Global market for printed and flexible smart packaging electronics, 2020-2035, millions of US dollars
Table 322. Market players in smart packaging electronics
Table 323. 3DOM separator
Table 324. Battery performance test specifications of J. Flex batteries
Table 325. TCL Mini-LED product range

Figure 1. Examples of flexible electronics devices
Figure 2. Evolution of electronics
Figure 3. Applications for printed and flexible electronics
Figure 4. Wearable technology inventions
Figure 5. Market map for printed and flexible electronics
Figure 6. Wove Band
Figure 7. Wearable graphene medical sensor
Figure 8. 3D printed stretchable electronics
Figure 9. Artificial skin prototype for gesture recognition
Figure 10. Applications of wearable flexible sensors worn on various body parts
Figure 11. Systemization of wearable electronic systems
Figure 12. Baby Monitor
Figure 13. Wearable health monitor incorporating graphene photodetectors
Figure 14. LG 77” transparent 4K OLED TV
Figure 15. 137-inch N1 foldable TV
Figure 16. Flex Note Extendable™
Figure 17. Flex In & Out Flip
Figure 18. Traxcon printed lighting circuitry
Figure 19. Global market revenues for Printed & Flexible consumer electronics, 2018-2035, (millions USD)
Figure 20. Global market for Printed & Flexible medical & healthcare electronics, 2018-2035, millions of US dollars
Figure 21. Global market for Printed & Flexible E-textiles and smart apparel electronics, 2018-2035, millions of US dollars
Figure 22. Global market for Printed & Flexible displays, 2018-2035, millions of US dollars
Figure 23. Global market for Printed & Flexible automotive electronics, 2018-2035, millions of US dollars
Figure 24. Global market for Printed & Flexible smart buildings electronics, 2018-2035, millions of US dollars
Figure 25. Global market for Printed & Flexible smart packaging electronics, 2018-2035, millions of US dollars
Figure 26. SWOT analysis for printed electronics
Figure 27. SWOT analysis for 3D electronics
Figure 28. SWOT analysis for analogue printing
Figure 29. SWOT analysis for digital printing
Figure 30. In-mold electronics prototype devices and products
Figure 31. SWOT analysis for In-Mold Electronics
Figure 32. SWOT analysis for R2R manufacturing
Figure 33. The molecular mechanism of the shape memory effect under different stimuli
Figure 34. Supercooled Soldering™ Technology
Figure 35. Reflow soldering schematic
Figure 36. Schematic diagram of induction heating reflow
Figure 37. Types of conductive inks and applications
Figure 38. Copper based inks on flexible substrate
Figure 39. SWOT analysis for Printable semiconductors
Figure 40. SWOT analysis for Printable sensor materials
Figure 41. RFID Tag with Nano Copper Antenna on Paper
Figure 42. SWOT analysis for flexible integrated circuits
Figure 43. Fully-printed organic thin-film transistors and circuitry on one-micron-thick polymer films
Figure 44. Flexible PCB
Figure 45. SWOT analysis for Flexible batteries
Figure 46. SWOT analysis for Flexible PV for energy harvesting
Figure 47. SWOT analysis for printed, flexible and hybrid electronics in consumer electronics
Figure 48. EmeTerm nausea relief wearable
Figure 49. Embr Wave for cooling and warming
Figure 50. dpl Wrist Wrap Light THerapy pain relief
Figure 51. SWOT analysis for Wrist-worn wearables
Figure 52. FitBit Sense Watch
Figure 53. Wearable bio-fluid monitoring system for monitoring of hydration
Figure 54. Nuheara IQbuds² Max
Figure 55. HP Hearing PRO OTC Hearing Aid
Figure 56. SWOT analysis for Ear worn wearables (hearables)
Figure 57. Beddr SleepTuner
Figure 58. Global market for printed and flexible consumer electronics 2020-2035 by type (Volume)
Figure 59. Global market revenues for Printed & Flexible consumer electronics, 2018-2035, (millions USD)
Figure 60. SWOT analysis for printed, flexible and hybrid electronics in medical and healthcare/wellness
Figure 61. Connected human body and product examples
Figure 62. Companies and products in wearable health monitoring and rehabilitation devices and products
Figure 63. Smart e-skin system comprising health-monitoring sensors, displays, and ultra flexible PLEDs
Figure 64. Graphene medical patch
Figure 65. Graphene-based E-skin patch
Figure 66. SWOT analysis for printed and flexible electronics in skin patches
Figure 67. Enfucell wearable temperature tag
Figure 68. TempTraQ wearable wireless thermometer
Figure 69. Technologies for minimally-invasive and non-invasive glucose detection
Figure 70. Schematic of non-invasive CGM sensor
Figure 71. Adhesive wearable CGM sensor
Figure 72. VitalPatch
Figure 73. Wearable ECG-textile
Figure 74. Wearable ECG recorder
Figure 75. Nexkin™
Figure 76. Bloomlife
Figure 77. Nanowire skin hydration patch
Figure 78. NIX sensors
Figure 79. Wearable sweat sensor
Figure 80. Wearable graphene sweat sensor
Figure 81. Gatorade's GX Sweat Patch
Figure 82. Sweat sensor incorporated into face mask
Figure 83. D-mine Pump
Figure 84. Lab-on-Skin™
Figure 85. My UV Patch
Figure 86. Overview layers of L'Oreal skin patch
Figure 87. Brilliantly Warm
Figure 88. Ava Fertility tracker
Figure 89. S9 Pro breast pump
Figure 90. Tempdrop
Figure 91. Digitsole Smartshoe
Figure 92. Schematic of smart wound dressing
Figure 93. REPAIR electronic patch concept. Image courtesy of the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
Figure 94. ABENA Nova smart diaper
Figure 95. Honda Walking Assist
Figure 96. ABLE Exoskeleton
Figure 97. ANGEL-LEGS-M10
Figure 98. AGADEXO Shoulder
Figure 99. Enyware
Figure 100. AWN-12 occupational powered hip exoskeleton
Figure 101. CarrySuit passive upper-body exoskeleton
Figure 102. Axosuit lower body medical exoskeleton
Figure 103. FreeGait
Figure 104. InMotion Arm
Figure 105. Biomotum SPARK
Figure 106. PowerWalk energy
Figure 107. Keeogo™
Figure 108. MATE-XT
Figure 109. CDYS passive shoulder support exoskeleton
Figure 110. ALDAK
Figure 111. HAL® Lower Limb
Figure 112. DARWING PA
Figure 113. Dephy ExoBoot
Figure 114. EksoNR
Figure 115. Emovo Assist
Figure 116. HAPO
Figure 117. Atlas passive modular exoskeleton
Figure 118. ExoAtlet II
Figure 119. ExoHeaver
Figure 120. Exy ONE
Figure 121. ExoArm
Figure 122. ExoMotus
Figure 123. Gloreha Sinfonia
Figure 124. BELK Knee Exoskeleton
Figure 125. Apex exosuit
Figure 126. Honda Walking Assist
Figure 127. BionicBack
Figure 128. Muscle Suit
Figure 129.Japet.W powered exoskeleton
Figure 130.Ski~Mojo
Figure 131. AIRFRAME passive shoulder
Figure 132.FORTIS passive tool holding exoskeleton
Figure 133. Integrated Soldier Exoskeleton (UPRISE®)
Figure 134.UNILEXA passive exoskeleton
Figure 135.HandTutor
Figure 136.MyoPro®
Figure 137.Myosuit
Figure 138. archelis wearable chair
Figure 139.Chairless Chair
Figure 140.Indego
Figure 141. Polyspine
Figure 142. Hercule powered lower body exoskeleton
Figure 143. ReStore Soft Exo-Suit
Figure 144. Hand of Hope
Figure 145. REX powered exoskeleton
Figure 146. Elevate Ski Exoskeleton
Figure 147. UGO210 exoskeleton
Figure 148. EsoGLOVE Pro
Figure 149. Roki
Figure 150. Powered Clothing
Figure 151. Againer shock absorbing exoskeleton
Figure 152. EasyWalk Assistive Soft Exoskeleton Walker
Figure 153. Skel-Ex
Figure 154. EXO-H3 lower limbs robotic exoskeleton
Figure 155. Ikan Tilta Max Armor-Man 2
Figure 156. AMADEO hand and finger robotic rehabilitation device
Figure 157.Atalante autonomous lower-body exoskeleton
Figure 158. Global Market for Printed and Flexible Medical & Healthcare Electronics 2020-2035 (Million Units)
Figure 159. Global market for printed and flexible medical & healthcare electronics, 2020-2035, millions of US dollars
Figure 160. SWOT analysis for printed, flexible and hybrid electronics in E-textiles
Figure 161. Timeline of the different generations of electronic textiles
Figure 162. Examples of each generation of electronic textiles
Figure 163. Conductive yarns
Figure 164. H-Tee by H-Cube
Figure 165. Electronics integration in textiles: (a) textile-adapted, (b) textile-integrated (c) textile-basd
Figure 166. Stretchable polymer encapsulation microelectronics on textiles
Figure 167. Conductive yarns
Figure 168. Classification of conductive materials and process technology
Figure 169. Structure diagram of Ti3C2Tx
Figure 170. Structure of hexagonal boron nitride
Figure 171. BN nanosheet textiles application
Figure 172. SEM image of cotton fibers with PEDOT:PSS coating
Figure 173. Schematic of inkjet-printed processes
Figure 174: Silver nanocomposite ink after sintering and resin bonding of discrete electronic components
Figure 175. Schematic summary of the formulation of silver conductive inks
Figure 176. Copper based inks on flexible substrate
Figure 177: Schematic of single-walled carbon nanotube
Figure 178. Stretchable SWNT memory and logic devices for wearable electronics
Figure 179. Graphene layer structure schematic
Figure 180. BGT Materials graphene ink product
Figure 181. PCM cooling vest
Figure 182. SMPU-treated cotton fabrics
Figure 183. Schematics of DIAPLEX membrane
Figure 184. SMP energy storage textiles
Figure 185. Nike x Acronym Blazer Sneakers
Figure 186. Adidas 3D Runner Pump
Figure 187. Under Armour Archi-TechFuturist
Figure 188. Reebok Reebok Liquid Speed
Figure 189. Radiate sports vest
Figure 190. Adidas smart insole
Figure 191. Applications of E-textiles
Figure 192. EXO2 Stormwalker 2 Heated Jacket
Figure 193. Flexible polymer-based heated glove, sock and slipper
Figure 194. ThermaCell Rechargeable Heated Insoles
Figure 195. Myant sleeve tracks biochemical indicators in sweat
Figure 196. Flexible polymer-based therapeutic products
Figure 197. iStimUweaR
Figure 198. Digitsole Smartshoe
Figure 199. Basketball referee Royole fully flexible display
Figure 200. A mechanical glove, Robo-Glove, with pressure sensors and other sensors jointly developed by General Motors and NASA
Figure 201. Power supply mechanisms for electronic textiles and wearables
Figure 202. Micro-scale energy scavenging techniques
Figure 203. Schematic illustration of the fabrication concept for textile-based dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) made by sewing textile electrodes onto cloth or paper
Figure 204. 3D printed piezoelectric material
Figure 205. Application of electronic textiles in AR/VR
Figure 206. Global market for printed and flexible E-textiles and smart apparel electronics, 2020-2035 (Million Units)
Figure 207. Global market for printed and flexible E-textiles and smart apparel electronics, 2020-2035, millions of US dollars
Figure 208. SWOT analysis for printed, flexible and hybrid electronics in energy
Figure 209. Flexible batteries on the market
Figure 210. Various architectures for flexible and stretchable electrochemical energy storage
Figure 211. Types of flexible batteries
Figure 212. Materials and design structures in flexible lithium ion batteries
Figure 213. Flexible/stretchable LIBs with different structures
Figure 214. a-c) Schematic illustration of coaxial (a), twisted (b), and stretchable (c) LIBs
Figure 215. a) Schematic illustration of the fabrication of the superstretchy LIB based on an MWCNT/LMO composite fiber and an MWCNT/LTO composite fiber. b,c) Photograph (b) and the schematic illustration (c) of a stretchable fiber-shaped battery under stretching conditions. d) Schematic illustration of the spring-like stretchable LIB. e) SEM images of a fiberat different strains. f) Evolution of specific capacitance with strain. d-f)
Figure 216. Origami disposable battery
Figure 217. Zn-MnO2 batteries produced by Brightvolt
Figure 218. Various applications of printed paper batteries
Figure 219.Schematic representation of the main components of a battery
Figure 220. Schematic of a printed battery in a sandwich cell architecture, where the anode and cathode of the battery are stacked together
Figure 221. Sakuú's Swift Print 3D-printed solid-state battery cells
Figure 222. Manufacturing Processes for Conventional Batteries (I), 3D Microbatteries (II), and 3D-Printed Batteries (III)
Figure 223. Examples of applications of thin film batteries
Figure 224. Capacities and voltage windows of various cathode and anode materials
Figure 225. Traditional lithium-ion battery (left), solid state battery (right)
Figure 226. Stretchable lithium-air battery for wearable electronics
Figure 227. Ag-Zn batteries produced by Imprint Energy
Figure 228. Transparent batteries
Figure 229. Degradable batteries
Figure 230 . Fraunhofer IFAM printed electrodes
Figure 231. Ragone plots of diverse batteries and the commonly used electronics powered by flexible batteries
Figure 232. Schematic of the structure of stretchable LIBs
Figure 233. Electrochemical performance of materials in flexible LIBs
Figure 234. Main printing methods for supercapacitors
Figure 235. Schematic illustration of the fabrication concept for textile-based dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) made by sewing textile electrodes onto cloth or paper
Figure 236. Origami-like silicon solar cells
Figure 237. Schematic illustration of the fabrication concept for textile-based dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) made by sewing textile electrodes onto cloth or paper
Figure 238. Concept of microwave-transparent heaters for automotive radars
Figure 239. Defrosting and defogging transparent heater applications
Figure 240. Global market for printed and flexible energy storage, generation and harvesting electronics, 2020-2035 by type (Volume)
Figure 241. Global market for printed and flexible energy storage, generation and harvesting electronics, 2020-2035, millions of US dollars
Figure 242. LG Signature OLED TV R
Figure 243. Flexible display
Figure 244. SWOT analysis for printed and flexible displays
Figure 245. f-OLED N-shaped folding display
Figure 246. C SEED 37-inch N1 foldable TV
Figure 247. DELL Ori
Figure 248. Gloshine curved LED screen
Figure 249. Huawei Mate X3
Figure 250. LG Media Chair
Figure 251. LG Virtual Ride
Figure 252. Microsoft Surface Duo 2
Figure 253. Motorola Razr
Figure 254. Mirage smart speaker with wraparound touch display
Figure 255. Samsung Galaxy Fold
Figure 256. Vivo X Flip
Figure 257. Organic LCD with a 10-mm bend radius
Figure 258. Foldable organic light-emitting diode (OLED) panel
Figure 259. AMOLED schematic
Figure 260. LG rollable OLED TV
Figure 261. OLED structure
Figure 262. AU Optonics Flexible MicroLED Display
Figure 263. Schematic of the TALT technique for wafer-level microLED transferring
Figure 264. Foldable 4K C SEED M1
Figure 265. Stamp-based transfer-printing techniques
Figure 266: Flexible & stretchable LEDs based on quantum dots
Figure 267. Samsung S-foldable display
Figure 268. Samsung slideable display
Figure 269. Samsung foldable battery patent schematic
Figure 270. Rollable 65RX OLED TV
Figure 271. Lenovo ThinkPad X1 Fold
Figure 272. LG Chem foldable display
Figure 273. Samsung Display Flex G folding smartphones
Figure 274. Asus Foldable Phone
Figure 275. Asus Zenbook 17 Fold
Figure 276. Dell Concept Ori
Figure 277. Intel Foldable phone
Figure 278. ThinkPad X1 Fold
Figure 279. Motorola Razr
Figure 280. Oppo Find N folding phone
Figure 281. Oppo Find N2 Flip
Figure 282. Royole FlexPai 2
Figure 283. Royole FlexPai 3 from CES 2024
Figure 284. Galaxy Fold 3
Figure 285. Samsung Galaxy Z Flip 3
Figure 286. TCL Tri-Fold Foldable Phone
Figure 287. TCL rollable phone
Figure 288. Xiaomi Mi MIX Flex
Figure 289. LG OLED flexible lighting panel
Figure 290. Flexible OLED incorporated into automotive headlight
Figure 291. Audi 2022 A8
Figure 292. Electrophoretic display applications
Figure 293. Passive reflective displays with flexibility
Figure 294. Plastic Logic 5.4” Iridis™ display
Figure 295. Argil electrochromic film integrated with polycarbonate lenses
Figure 296. Transparent and flexible metamaterial film developed by Sekishi Chemical
Figure 297. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of several metalens antenna forms
Figure 298. Design concepts of soft mechanical metamaterials with large negative swelling ratios and tunable stress-strain curves
Figure 299. Different transparent displays and transmittance limitations
Figure 300. 7.56" high transparency & frameless Micro-LED display
Figure 301. AUO's 13.5-inch transparent RGB microLED display
Figure 302. 17.3-inch transparent microLED AI display in a Taiwan Ferry
Figure 303. Global market for printed and flexible displays, 2020-2035 by type (Volume)
Figure 304. Global market for printed and flexible displays, 2020-2035, millions of US dollars
Figure 305. SWOT analysis for printed, flexible and hybrid electronics in automotive
Figure 306. Automotive display concept
Figure 307. Mercedes MBUX Hyperscreen
Figure 308. AUO Smart Cockpit with 55-inch pillar-to-pillar curved display
Figure 309. Cadillac XT4 33-inch curved LED touchscreen display
Figure 310. Continental Curved Ultrawide Display
Figure 311. Hyundai 2024 Sonata panoramic curved display
Figure 312. Peugeot 3008 fastback SUV curved wide-screen display
Figure 313. TCL CSOT single, continuous flexible curved automotive display panel
Figure 314. AUO automotive display
Figure 315. Micro-LED automotive display
Figure 316. Issues in current commercial automotive HUD
Figure 317. Rear lamp utilizing flexible Micro-LEDs
Figure 318. SWOT analysis for integrated antennas with printed electronics in automotive
Figure 319. Global Market for Automotive Electronics (Million Units)
Figure 320. Global market for printed and flexible automotive electronics, 2020-2035, millions of US dollars
Figure 321. Global market for printed/flexible sensors 2020-2035 by market (Volume in Millions of Units)
Figure 322. Global market for printed/flexible sensors 2020-2035 by type (Billions USD)
Figure 323. SWOT analysis for printed, flexible and hybrid electronics in smart buildings and construction.
Figure 324. Use of sensors in smart buildings
Figure 325. Global market for printed and flexible smart buildings electronics, 2020-2035, millions of US dollars
Figure 326. Active and Intelligent packaging classification
Figure 327. Smart packaging for detecting bacteria growth in milk containers
Figure 328. RFID tags with printed silver antennas on paper substrates
Figure 329. Smart card incorporating an ultra-thin battery
Figure 330. RFID ultra micro battery
Figure 331. SWOT analysis for printed, flexible and hybrid electronics in smart packaging
Figure 332. Active packaging film
Figure 333. Anti-counterfeiting smart label
Figure 334. Security tag developed by Nanotech Security
Figure 335. Fundamental principle of a gas sensor for detecting CO2 (gas) after food spoilage
Figure 336. A standard RFID system
Figure 337. RFID functions and applications of silver nanoparticle inks
Figure 338. OHMEGA Conductive Ink Touchcode box
Figure 339. Wiliot RFID
Figure 340. Smart blister pack
Figure 341. Global market for printed and flexible smart packaging electronics 2020-2035 by type (Volume)
Figure 342. Global market for printed and flexible smart packaging electronics, 2020-2035, millions of US dollars
Figure 343. 24M battery
Figure 344. 3DOM battery
Figure 345. Libre 3
Figure 346. Abbott Lingo wearable
Figure 347. Libre Sense Glucose Sport Biowearable
Figure 348. AC biode prototype
Figure 349. AcuPebble SA100
Figure 350. Vitalgram®
Figure 351. BioMan
Figure 352. EXO Glove
Figure 353. e-Tint® cell in the (a) OFF and in the (b) ON states
Figure 354. Alertgy NICGM wristband
Figure 355. ALLEVX
Figure 356. Gastric Alimetry
Figure 357. Alva Health stroke monitor
Figure 358. amofit S
Figure 359. Ampcera’s all-ceramic dense solid-state electrolyte separator sheets (25 um thickness, 50mm x 100mm size, flexible and defect free, room temperature ionic conductivity ~1 mA/cm)
Figure 360. Amprius battery products
Figure 361. MIT and Amorepacific's chip-free skin sensor
Figure 362. All-polymer battery schematic
Figure 363. All Polymer Battery Module
Figure 364. Resin current collector
Figure 365. Sigi™ Insulin Management System
Figure 366. The Apollo wearable device
Figure 367. Apos3
Figure 368. Piezotech® FC
Figure 369. PowerCoat® paper
Figure 370. Artemis is smart clothing system
Figure 371. KneeStim
Figure 372. LED hooded jacket
Figure 373. Heated element module
Figure 374. Ateios thin-film, printed battery
Figure 375. Printable NTC Temperature Sensor
Figure 376. 1.39-inch full-circle Micro-LED display
Figure 377. 9.4" flexible Micro-LED display
Figure 378. Cyclops HMD
Figure 379. PaciBreath
Figure 380. Avery Dennison smart labels
Figure 381. AD Pure™ Line [Sustainable UHF RFID tags and inlays]
Figure 382. Structure of Azalea Vision’s smart contact lens
Figure 383. BeFC® biofuel cell and digital platform
Figure 384. Belun® Ring
Figure 385. Evo Patch
Figure 386. Neuronaute wearable
Figure 387. biped.ai device
Figure 388. 3D printed lithium-ion battery
Figure 389. Blue Solution module
Figure 390. TempTraq wearable patch
Figure 391. BOE Mini-LED display TV
Figure 392. BOE Mini-LED automotive display
Figure 393. circul smart ring
Figure 394. Brewer Science printed water sensor
Figure 395. C2Sense sensors
Figure 396. Cala Trio
Figure 397. Transparent 3D touch control with LED lights and LED matrix
Figure 398. Large transparent heater for LiDAR
Figure 399. Cionic Neural Sleeve
Figure 400. Carhartt X-1 Smart Heated Vest
Figure 401. Coachwhisperer device
Figure 402. Cognito's gamma stimulation device
Figure 403. Cogwear headgear
Figure 404. CardioWatch 287
Figure 405. Graphene dress. The dress changes colour in sync with the wearer’s breathing
Figure 406. Cymbet EnerChip™
Figure 407. Descante Solar Thermo insulated jacket
Figure 408. G Graphene Aero Jersey
Figure 409. Diabeloop wearable
Figure 410. Inkjet printed OPV module
Figure 411. First Relief
Figure 412. FRENZ™ Brainband
Figure 413. NightOwl Home Sleep Apnea Test Device
Figure 414. Jewel Patch Wearable Cardioverter Defibrillator
Figure 415. P-Flex® Flexible Circuit
Figure 416. enFuse
Figure 417. Roll-to-roll equipment working with ultrathin steel substrate
Figure 418. EOPatch
Figure 419. Epilog
Figure 420. eQ02 LIfeMontor
Figure 421. noDiffusion OLED encapsulation film
Figure 422. TAeTTOOz printable battery materials
Figure 423. FDK Corp battery
Figure 424. Cove wearable device
Figure 425. HiFlex strain/pressure sensor
Figure 426. FloPatch
Figure 427. KiTT motion tracking knee sleeve
Figure 428. 2D paper batteries
Figure 429. 3D Custom Format paper batteries
Figure 430. Fuji carbon nanotube products
Figure 431. German bionic exoskeleton
Figure 432. UnlimitedHand
Figure 433. Healables app-controlled electrotherapy device
Figure 434. Helio materials incorporated into flexible displays
Figure 435. Apex Exosuit
Figure 436. Hinge Health wearable therapy devices
Figure 437. MYSA - 'Relax Shirt'
Figure 438. Humanox Shin Guard
Figure 439. Airvida E1
Figure 440. Sensor surface
Figure 441. ZincPoly™ technology
Figure 442. In2tec’s fully recyclable flexible circuit board assembly
Figure 443. Footrax
Figure 444. Flexible microLED
Figure 445. eMacula®
Figure 446. Printed moisture sensors
Figure 447. G2 Pro
Figure 448. Atusa system
Figure 449. ITEN micro batteries
Figure 450. Soluboard immersed in water
Figure 451. Infineon PCB before and after immersion
Figure 452. Kenzen ECHO Smart Patch
Figure 453. The Kernel Flow headset
Figure 454. REFLEX
Figure 455. KnowU™
Figure 456. Hyperfluorescence™ OLED display
Figure 457. LG Display Stretchable displays
Figure 458. LiBEST flexible battery
Figure 459. LifeSpan patch
Figure 460. Flexible Biocompatible pH Sensor from Linxens
Figure 461. Ring ZERO
Figure 462. LumeoLoop device
Figure 463. Lyten batteries
Figure 464. Mawi Heart Patch
Figure 465. WalkAid
Figure 466. Monarch™ Wireless Wearable Biosensor
Figure 467. MetaSCOPE
Figure 468. HICARDI system
Figure 469. Modoo device
Figure 470. Movesense ECG monitor
Figure 471. Munevo Drive
Figure 472. Electroskin integration schematic
Figure 473. Modius Sleep wearable device
Figure 474. Neuphony Headband
Figure 475. Nextiles’ compression garments
Figure 476. Nextiles e-fabric
Figure 477. Nix Biosensors patch
Figure 478. Ayo wearable light therapy
Figure 479. Nowatch
Figure 480 .Nuada
Figure 481. ONA DM
Figure 482. ORII smart ring
Figure 483. Otolith wearable device
Figure 484. Oxitone 1000M
Figure 485. Palarum PUP smart socks
Figure 486. BEYOLEX™ film
Figure 487. 55” flexible AM panel
Figure 488. Peerbridge Cor
Figure 489. 9.4" flexible MicroLED display
Figure 490. 7.56-inch transparent Micro LED display
Figure 491. Point Fit Technology skin patch
Figure 492. Printed battery
Figure 493. Printed Energy flexible battery
Figure 494. Proxxi Voltage
Figure 495. ProLogium solid-state battery
Figure 496. Sylvee 1.0
Figure 497. RealWear HMT-1
Figure 498. RootiRx
Figure 499. Micro-LED stretchable display
Figure 500. Sylvee 1.0
Figure 501. SES Apollo batteries
Figure 502. Silvertree Reach
Figure 503. Smardii smart diaper
Figure 504. Moonwalkers from Shift Robotics Inc
Figure 505. SnowCookie device
Figure 506. Softmatter compression garment
Figure 507. Softmatter sports bra with a woven ECG sensor
Figure 508. Soter device
Figure 509. Femsense patch
Figure 510. MoCap Pro Glove
Figure 511. Subcuject
Figure 512. 3D printed electronics
Figure 513. Tactotek IME device
Figure 514. TactoTek® IMSE® SiP - System In Package
Figure 515. TCL Mini-LED TV schematic
Figure 516. TCL 8K Mini-LED TV
Figure 517. The Cinema Wall Micro-LED display
Figure 518. Teslasuit
Figure 519. Nerivio
Figure 520. Feelzing Energy Patch
Figure 521. 7.56” Transparent Display
Figure 522. 7.56" Flexible Micro-LED
Figure 523. 5.04" seamless splicing Micro LED
Figure 524. 7.56" Transparent Micro LED
Figure 525. A sample of TracXon’s printed lighting circuitry
Figure 526. Ultrahuman wearable glucose monitor
Figure 527. Vaxxas patch
Figure 528. S-Patch Ex
Figure 529. Wiliot tags
Figure 530. Zeit Medical Wearable Headband