This text book is a guide for pharmaceutical academics (students and teachers) as well as industry professionals learning about drug delivery and formulation. Chapters presents comprehensive information about self-emulsifying formulations by providing an in-depth understanding of the basic concepts and formulation mechanisms. This information is supplemented by details about current research and development in this field. Readers will learn about the types of self-emulsifying drug delivery systems, evaluation parameters and digestion models, among other topics.
Key Features:
Key Features:
- 9 chapters organized in a reader-friendly layout
- complete guide on self-emulsifying drug delivery formulations, including lipid based systems, SMEDOs, surfactants, and oral dosage forms
- includes basic concepts and current developments in research and industrial applications
- presents information on conventional and herbal formulations
- references for further reading
Table of Contents
Chapter 1 Different Methodologies for Improving Solubility and Bioavailability- Introduction
- Difficulties in the Oral Drug Delivery
- Oral Bioavailability
- Reason for Poor Oral Bioavailability
- Drug Solubility
- Requirement for Solubility Improvement
- Approaches to Enhance Oral Bioavailability
- Various Techniques for Improving Bioavailability
- Salt Formation
- Cyclodextrins Based Complexes
- Techniques of Complexation
- Kneading Technique
- Co-Precipitation Technique
- Spray Drying
- Novel Formulation Approaches for Bioavailability Enhancement 10
- Polymeric Micelles
- Liposomes
- Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (Slns)
- Dendrimers
- Particle Size Reduction
- Strategies
- Mechanical Micronization
- Jet Milling
- Ball Milling
- High-Pressure Homogenization
- Engineered Particle Size Control
- Strategies of Cryogenic Method
- Cryogenic Method
- Spray Freezing Onto Cryogenic Fluids
- Spray Freezing into Cryogenic Liquids
- Spray Freezing into Vapor Over Liquid
- Ultra-Rapid Freezing (Urf)
- Crystal Engineering
- Co-Crystals
- Nanoparticles
- Solid Dispersion (Sd)
- Techniques of Solid Dispersion
- Fusion (Melt) Technique
- Solvent Technique
- Dropping Technique
- Co-Crystal Formation
- Supercritical Fluid Recrystallization (Scf)
- Ravinder Verma, Deepak Kaushik, Ritu Kaushik and Vandana Singh
- Sonocrystallisation
- Liquisolid Technique
- Formation of Inclusion Complex
- Kneading Method
- Lyophilization/Freeze-Drying Technique
- Microwave Irradiation Method
- Self-Micro Emulsifying Drug Delivery Systems (Smedds)
- Consent for Publication
- Conflict of Interest
- Acknowledgements
- References
Chapter 2 Introduction to Lipid-Based Drug Delivery Systems For
- Oral Delivery
- Lipid-Based Drug Delivery System (Lbdds)
- A Perfect Oral Lipid-Based Dosage Forms Must Meet Various Aspects
- Benefits of Lbdds
- Lipid Formulation Classification System
- Four Types of Lfcs
- Classification System for Lipid Formulations
- Approaches in Lbdds
- Emulsion
- Microemulsion
- Nanoemulsion
- Liposomes
- Solid Lipid Nanoparticles
- Niosomes
- Lipospheres
- Ethosomes
- Self-Emulsifying Drug Delivery System (Sedds)
- Smedds and Snedds
- Nano Lipid Carriers (Nlcs)
- Formulation Development and Characterization
- Parameters to be Judged for the Development of the Formulation
- Guidelines for Designing of Lbfs
- Formulation Factors Influencing Bioavailability of Drugs From
- Lbdds
- Lipid Digestion
- Mean Droplet Size of Emulsion
- Hydrophobic Nature of Api
- Chemism of Lipids
- Ingredient Selection for Lbfs
- Analysis of Excipients in Lbdds
- Chemical Analysis
- Physical Analysis
- Analysis of Physiological Effects of Ingredients
- Mechanism of Lipid-Based Drug Delivery System
- Mechanisms Followed by Lbdds for Upgrading the Retention
- Improved Rate of Dissolution/Solubilization
- Extension of Gastric Retention Time
- Deepak Kaushik, Ravinder Verma, Rekha Rao and Prerna Kaushik
- Stimulation of Lymphatic Transport
- Change in the Physical Barrier Role of Gi Tract
- Change in Biochemical Hindrance Capacity of Gi Tract
- Impact of Oils on Retention
- Digestion of Lipids
- Retention of Lipids
- Drug Assimilation Through the Intestinal Lymphatic System
- Therapeutic Equivalence of Lbdds
- Conclusion
- Consent for Publication
- Conflict of Interest
- Acknowledgements
- References
Chapter 3 Self-Micro Emulsifying Drug Delivery Systems and Their
- Applications
- Lipid-Based Drug Delivery Systems
- Self-Micro Emulsifying Drug Delivery System
- History of Micro-Emulsions
- Benefits
- Drawbacks
- Formulation
- Finding Solubility of the Drug in Various Ingredients
- Selection of Ingredients
- Construction of Ternary Phase Diagram
- Preparation and Evaluation
- Selection of Appropriate Medicament Candidate
- Role of Smedds for Bcs Class Drugs
- Mechanism of Self-Emulsification
- Applications of Smedds
- Self-Microemulsions in Pharmaceutical
- Cosmetics Agents as Self-Microemulsions
- Analytical Purpose of Self-Microemulsions
- Self-Microemulsions for Biotechnology
- Use of Microemulsions in Enzymatic Reactions
- Microemulsion for Immobilization of Protein
- Bioseparations by Microemulsions
- Microemulsions as Chemical Sensor Materials
- Microemulsions as Microreactors and Blood Substitutes
- Dosage Form of Smedds
- Oral Route
- Se Capsules
- Se Sustained/Controlled Release
- Se Pellets
- Se Solid Dispersions
- Topical Delivery
- Ocular Delivery
- Parental Delivery
- Nasal Delivery
- Drug Targeting
- Deepak Kaushik, Ravinder Verma and Parijat Pandey
- Consent for Publication
- Conflict of Interest
- Acknowledgements
- References
Chapter 4 Components of Self-Microemulsifying Drug Delivery
- System
- Selection of Ingredients in Sefs
- Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance (Hlb)
- Partition Coefficient
- Identification of Suitable Drug Candidate for Sedds
- Components of Smedds
- Lipids/Oils
- Selection of Oil
- Role
- Lipids in Oral Drug Delivery
- Methods of Controlled Discharge with Lipids
- Surfactants
- Mechanism
- Classification
- Classification Based on Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance (Hlb) Number-
- Lipophilic Surfactants
- Hydrophilic Surfactants
- Classification Based on the Composition of Counter-Ion-
- Monoatomic/Inorganic
- Polyatomic/Organic
- Role
- Co-Surfactants
- Other Components
- Consistency Builder
- Enzyme Inhibitors
- Impact of Ingredients on Globules Size
- Multi-Functional Excipient Used in Sedds/Smedds
- Relation of Hlb with the Solubility
- Requirement of Hlb- Why Hlb Required?
- Hlb Calculation
- Consent for Publication
- Conflict of Interest
- Acknowledgements
- References
Chapter 5 Lymphatic Transport of Lipid-Based Drug Delivery System 95
- Lymphatic Transport
- Benefits
- Approaches to Upgrade Lymphatic Transportation of the Drug
- Favorable Circumstances of Intestinal Transportation of Drugs
- Parameters Affecting Lymphatic Transportation of Lbfs
- Size of Globules
- Charge on Drug
- Molecular Weight of Drug
- Ravinder Verma, Deepak Kaushik, Manish Kumar and Deepak Parmar
- Ravinder Verma, Deepak Kaushik, Beena Kumari and Anurag Khatkar
- Lipophilicity
- Lipid Solubility and Partition Coefficient of Drugs
- Type of Lipid
- Concentration of Surfactant
- Various Models Utilized for Investigation of Drug
- Transportation Via Lymphatic System
- Evaluation of Animal Model for Lymphatic Transport
- Limited Lymphatic Uptake of Lbdds
- Impact of Lipidic Excipients on Lymphatic Transport
- Impact Food on Self-Emulsification of Lbfs
- Reduction of Food Effect
- Biopharmaceutical Issues
- Specificity
- Consent for Publication
- Conflict of Interest
- Acknowledgements
- References
Chapter 6 Advantages, Marketed Formulations and Evaluation
- Parameters of Smedds
- Applications of Smedds
- Upgrading Solubility and Bioavailability
- Protection Against Biodegradation
- Low Cost of Production and Ease of Scale-Up
- Diminishment of Inter/Intra-Subject Variability and Food Effects
- Capability to Convey Peptides That are Liable to Enzymatic Hydrolysis in Git
- No Impact of Lipid Digestion Mechanism
- Improved Drug Loading Capacity
- Supersaturable Smedds (S-Smedds)
- Mechanism of Self-Emulsification
- Factors Influencing Smedds
- Nature and Amount of the Drug
- Polarity of the Lipophilic Phase
- Solubility Equailibrium
- Charge on Droplet of Emulsion
- Evaluation Parameters
- Globule Size Estimation
- Small-Angle Neutron Scattering
- Refractive Index and Percent Transmission
- Robustness Dilution
- Zeta Potential Estimation
- Electroconductivity Study
- Turbidimetric Assessment
- Effect of Dilution at Various Ph
- Impact of Temperature
- Determination of Viscosity
Author
- Deepak Kaushik
- Ravinder Verma
