The Global Market for Electronic Textiles (E-textiles) and Smart Clothing 2023-2033

Table of Contents

1 MARKET TERMS AND DEFINITIONS

2 MARKET STANDARDIZATION
2.1 E-textiles
2.2 Printed electronics
2.3 E-textile wearables
2.4 Embroidered e-textiles

3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
3.1 The evolution of electronic textiles
3.2 The wearables revolution
3.2.1 Wearable electronics market leaders
3.3 The history of E-textiles
3.4 Wearable electronics in the textiles industry
3.4.1 Textiles in the Internet of Things
3.5 Types of E-Textile products
3.5.1 Embedded e-textiles
3.5.2 Laminated e-textiles
3.6 Market drivers and trends
3.7 Main markets
3.7.1 Healthcare (Biometric monitoring)
3.7.2 Entertainment
3.7.3 Heated clothing
3.7.4 Illuminated textiles
3.8 Performance requirements for E-textiles
3.9 Growth prospects and future outlook for electronic textiles
3.10 E-textiles investments and funding 2020-2023

4 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

5 MATERIALS AND COMPONENTS
5.1 Integrating electronics for E-Textiles
5.1.1 Textile-adapted
5.1.2 Textile-integrated
5.1.3 Textile-based
5.2 Manufacturing of E-textiles
5.2.1 Integration of conductive polymers and inks
5.2.2 Integration of conductive yarns and conductive filament fibers
5.2.3 Integration of conductive sheets
5.3 Flexible and stretchable electronics
5.4 E-textiles materials and components
5.4.1 Conductive and stretchable fibers and yarns
5.4.1.1 Production
5.4.1.2 Metals
5.4.1.3 Carbon materials and nanofibers
5.4.1.3.1 Graphene
5.4.1.3.2 Carbon nanotubes
5.4.1.3.3 Nanofibers
5.4.2 Mxenes
5.4.3 Hexagonal boron-nitride (h-BN)/Bboron nitride nanosheets (BNNSs)
5.4.4 Conductive polymers
5.4.4.1 PDMS
5.4.4.2 PEDOT: PSS
5.4.4.3 Polypyrrole (PPy)
5.4.4.4 Conductive polymer composites
5.4.4.5 Ionic conductive polymers
5.4.5 Conductive inks
5.4.5.1 Aqueous-Based Ink
5.4.5.2 Solvent-Based Ink
5.4.5.3 Oil-Based Ink
5.4.5.4 Hot-Melt Ink
5.4.5.5 UV-Curable Ink
5.4.5.6 Metal-based conductive inks
5.4.5.6.1 Nanoparticle ink
5.4.5.6.2 Silver inks
5.4.5.6.2.1 Silver flake
5.4.5.6.2.2 Silver nanoparticle ink
5.4.5.6.2.3 Formulation
5.4.5.6.2.4 Conductivity
5.4.5.6.2.5 Particle-Free silver conductive ink
5.4.5.6.3 Copper inks
5.4.5.6.3.1 Properties
5.4.5.6.3.2 Silver-coated copper
5.4.5.6.4 Gold (Au) ink
5.4.5.6.4.1 Properties
5.4.5.7 Carbon-based conductive inks
5.4.5.7.1 Carbon nanotubes
5.4.5.7.2 Single-walled carbon nanotubes
5.4.5.7.3 Graphene
5.4.5.8 Liquid metals
5.4.5.8.1 Properties
5.4.6 Electronic filaments
5.4.7 Phase change materials
5.4.7.1 Temperature controlled fabrics
5.4.8 Shape memory materials
5.4.9 Metal halide perovskites
5.4.10 Nanocoatings in smart textiles
5.4.11 3D printing
5.4.11.1 Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM)
5.4.11.2 Selective Laser Sintering (SLS)
5.4.11.3 Products
5.5 E-textiles components
5.5.1 Sensors and actuators
5.5.1.1 Physiological sensors
5.5.1.2 Environmental sensors
5.5.1.3 Pressure sensors
5.5.1.3.1 Flexible capacitive sensors
5.5.1.3.2 Flexible piezoresistive sensors
5.5.1.3.3 Flexible piezoelectric sensors
5.5.1.4 Activity sensors
5.5.1.5 Strain sensors
5.5.1.5.1 Resistive sensors
5.5.1.5.2 Capacitive strain sensors
5.5.1.6 Temperature sensors
5.5.1.7 Inertial measurement units (IMUs)
5.5.2 Electrodes
5.5.3 Connectors

6 APPLICATIONS, MARKETS AND PRODUCTS
6.1 Current E-textiles and smart clothing products
6.2 Temperature monitoring and regulation
6.2.1 Heated clothing
6.2.2 Heated gloves
6.2.3 Heated insoles
6.2.4 Heated jacket and clothing products
6.2.5 Materials used in flexible heaters and applications
6.3 Stretchable E-fabrics
6.4 Therapeutic products
6.5 Sport & fitness
6.5.1 Products
6.6 Smart footwear
6.6.1 Companies and products
6.7 Wearable displays
6.8 Military
6.9 Medical and healthcare
6.9.1 Smart textiles for personalized healthcare
6.9.2 Wearable health monitoring
6.9.2.1 Companies and products
6.9.3 Temperature and respiratory rate monitoring
6.9.4 Pregnancy and newborn monitoring
6.9.5 ECG sensors
6.9.5.1 Companies and products
6.9.6 Smart wound care
6.9.6.1 Companies and products
6.10 Industrial and workplace monitoring
6.10.1 Companies and products
6.11 Textile-based lighting
6.11.1 OLEDs
6.12 Antimicrobial textiles
6.12.1 Metallic-based coatings
6.12.2 Polymer-based coatings
6.12.3 Antimicrobial nanomaterials
6.12.4 Organic nanoparticles
6.12.4.1 Types and properties
6.12.5 Nanosilver
6.12.6 Zinc oxide
6.12.7 Chitosan
6.12.8 Companies and products
6.13 Smart diapers
6.13.1 Companies and products
6.14 Protective clothing
6.15 Automotive interiors
6.16 Smart gloves
6.17 Exoskeletons
6.17.1 Companies and products
6.18 Powering E-textiles
6.18.1 Advantages and disadvantages of main battery types for E-textiles
6.18.2 Bio-batteries
6.18.3 Challenges for battery integration in smart textiles
6.18.4 Textile supercapacitors
6.18.5 Energy harvesting
6.18.5.1 Photovoltaic solar textiles
6.18.5.2 Energy harvesting nanogenerators
6.18.5.2.1 TENGs
6.18.5.2.2 PENGs
6.18.5.3 Radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting
6.19 Motion capture for AR/VR
6.20 Wearables for animals/pets

7 GLOBAL MARKET REVENUES, BY SECTOR

8 MARKET AND TECHNICAL CHALLENGES FOR E-TEXTILES AND SMART CLOTHING

9 ELECTRONIC TEXTILES (E-TEXTILES) COMPANY PROFILES (152 company profiles)

10 REFERENCES

List of Tables
Table 1. Types of wearable devices and applications
Table 2. Wearable electronics market leaders by market segment
Table 3. Advanced materials for Electronic textiles-Advantages and disadvantages
Table 4. Sheet resistance (RS) and transparency (T) values for transparent conductive oxides and alternative materials for transparent conductive electrodes (TCE)
Table 5. Commercially available smart clothing products
Table 6. Market drivers for E-textiles and smart clothing
Table 7. Example heated apparel products
Table 8. Performance requirements for E-textiles
Table 9. E-textiles investments and funding 2020-2023
Table 10. Types of smart textiles
Table 11. Comparison of E-textile fabrication methods
Table 12. Types of fabrics for the application of electronic textiles
Table 13. Methods for integrating conductive compounds
Table 14. Methods for integrating conductive yarn and conductive filament fiber
Table 15. 1D electronic fibers including the conductive materials, fabrication strategies, electrical conductivity, stretchability, and applications
Table 16. Conductive materials used in smart textiles, their electrical conductivity and percolation threshold
Table 17. Metal coated fibers and their mechanisms
Table 18. Applications of carbon nanomaterials and other nanomaterials in e-textiles
Table 19. Applications and benefits of graphene in textiles and apparel
Table 20. Properties of CNTs and comparable materials
Table 21. Properties of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN)
Table 22. Types of flexible conductive polymers, properties and applications
Table 23. Typical conductive ink formulation
Table 24. Comparative properties of conductive inks
Table 25. Comparison of pros and cons of various types of conductive ink compositions
Table 26: Properties of CNTs and comparable materials
Table 27. Properties of graphene
Table 28. Electrical conductivity of different types of graphene
Table 29. Comparison of the electrical conductivities of liquid metal with typical conductive inks
Table 30. Nanocoatings applied in the smart textiles industry-type of coating, nanomaterials utilized, benefits and applications
Table 31. 3D printed shoes
Table 32. Sensors used in electronic textiles
Table 33. Features of flexible strain sensors with different structures
Table 34. Features of resistive and capacitive strain sensors
Table 35. Typical applications and markets for e-textiles
Table 36. Commercially available E-textiles and smart clothing products
Table 37. Example heated jacket products
Table 38. Heated jacket and clothing products
Table 39. Examples of materials used in flexible heaters and applications
Table 40. Commercialized smart textiles/or e-textiles for healthcare and fitness applications
Table 41. Example wearable sensor products for monitoring sport performance
Table 42. Companies and products in smart footwear
Table 43. Wearable electronics applications in the military
Table 44. Market drivers E-textiles in healthcare
Table 45. Physiological signals that may be measured using textile-based sensors
Table 46. Examples of wearable medical device products
Table 47. Medical wearable companies applying products to temperature monitoring and analysis
Table 48. Pregnancy and newborn monitoring pregnancy products
Table 49. Companies and products in smart wound care
Table 50. Wearable workplace products
Table 51: Nanomaterials used in nanocoatings and applications
Table 52. Types of organic nanoparticles and application in antimicrobials
Table 53. Antibacterial effects of ZnO NPs in different bacterial species
Table 54. Companies and products in advanced antimicrobial textiles
Table 55. Companies developing smart diaper products
Table 56: Applications in textiles, by advanced materials type and benefits thereof
Table 57: Nanocoatings applied in the textiles industry-type of coating, nanomaterials utilized, benefits and applications
Table 58. Companies developing wearable exoskeletons
Table 59. Advantages and disadvantages of batteries for E-textiles
Table 60. Comparison of prototype batteries (flexible, textile, and other) in terms of area-specific performance
Table 61. Advantages and disadvantages of photovoltaic, piezoelectric, triboelectric, and thermoelectric energy harvesting in of e-textiles
Table 62. Teslasuit
Table 63. Pet wearable companies and products
Table 64. Global electronic textiles and smart clothing market 2017-2033, revenues by sector (billions USD)
Table 65. Market and technical challenges for E-textiles and smart clothing

List of Figures
Figure 1. Evolution of electronics
Figure 2. Wearable technology inventions
Figure 3. Timeline of the different generations of electronic textiles
Figure 4. Examples of each generation of electronic textiles
Figure 5. (a) Total research papers and patents yearly publications in past 10 years in area of e-textiles and smart textiles or intelligent garments. (b) Total research articles and patents published in the area of e-textiles, smart textiles and intelligent garments. (b) Total research articles and patents published in the area of e-textiles, smart textiles and intelligent garments for healthcare and fitness applications
Figure 6. Applications of wearable flexible sensors worn on various body parts
Figure 7. Systemization of wearable electronic systems
Figure 8. Conductive yarns
Figure 9. E-textile applications
Figure 10. Baby Monitor
Figure 11. Wearable health monitor incorporating graphene photodetectors
Figure 12. Electronics integration in textiles: (a) textile-adapted, (b) textile-integrated (c) textile-basd
Figure 13. Stretchable polymer encapsulation microelectronics on textiles
Figure 14. Wove Band
Figure 15. Wearable graphene medical sensor
Figure 16. Conductive yarns
Figure 17. Classification of conductive materials and process technology
Figure 18. Structure diagram of Ti3C2Tx
Figure 19. Structure of hexagonal boron nitride
Figure 20. BN nanosheet textiles application
Figure 21. SEM image of cotton fibers with PEDOT:PSS coating
Figure 22. Schematic of inkjet-printed processes
Figure 23. Silver nanocomposite ink after sintering and resin bonding of discrete electronic components
Figure 24. Schematic summary of the formulation of silver conductive inks
Figure 25. Copper based inks on flexible substrate
Figure 26. Schematic of single-walled carbon nanotube
Figure 27. Stretchable SWNT memory and logic devices for wearable electronics
Figure 28. Graphene layer structure schematic
Figure 29. BGT Materials graphene ink product
Figure 30. PCM cooling vest
Figure 31. SMPU-treated cotton fabrics
Figure 32. Schematics of DIAPLEX membrane
Figure 33. SMP energy storage textiles
Figure 34. Nike x Acronym Blazer Sneakers
Figure 35. Adidas 3D Runner Pump
Figure 36. Under Armour Archi-TechFuturist
Figure 37. Reebok Reebok Liquid Speed
Figure 38. Radiate sports vest
Figure 39. Adidas smart insole
Figure 40. Applications of E-textiles
Figure 41. EXO2 Stormwalker 2 Heated Jacket
Figure 42. Flexible polymer-based heated glove, sock and slipper
Figure 43. ThermaCell Rechargeable Heated Insoles
Figure 44. Myant sleeve tracks biochemical indicators in sweat
Figure 45. Flexible polymer-based therapeutic products
Figure 46. iStimUweaR 
Figure 47. Digitsole Smartshoe
Figure 48. Basketball referee Royole fully flexible display
Figure 49. Wearable medical technology
Figure 50. Connected human body and product examples
Figure 51. Companies and products in wearable health monitoring and rehabilitation devices and products
Figure 52. Bloomlife
Figure 53. VitalPatch
Figure 54. Wearable ECG-textile
Figure 55. Wearable ECG recorder
Figure 56. Nexkin™
Figure 57. Schematic of smart wound dressing
Figure 58. REPAIR electronic patch concept. Image courtesy of the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
Figure 59. Anti-bacterial sol-gel nanoparticle silver coating
Figure 60. Schematic of antibacterial activity of ZnO NPs
Figure 61. ABENA Nova smart diaper
Figure 62. Omniphobic-coated fabric
Figure 63. Textile-based car seat heaters
Figure 64. A mechanical glove, Robo-Glove, with pressure sensors and other sensors jointly developed by General Motors and NASA
Figure 65. Honda Walking Assist
Figure 66. ABLE Exoskeleton
Figure 67. ANGEL-LEGS-M10
Figure 68. AGADEXO Shoulder
Figure 69. Enyware
Figure 70. AWN-12 occupational powered hip exoskeleton
Figure 71. CarrySuit passive upper-body exoskeleton
Figure 72. Axosuit lower body medical exoskeleton
Figure 73. FreeGait
Figure 74. InMotion Arm
Figure 75. Biomotum SPARK
Figure 76. PowerWalk energy
Figure 77. Keeogo™
Figure 78. MATE-XT
Figure 79. CDYS passive shoulder support exoskeleton
Figure 80. ALDAK
Figure 81. HAL® Lower Limb
Figure 82. DARWING PA
Figure 83. Dephy ExoBoot
Figure 84. EksoNR
Figure 85. Emovo Assist
Figure 86. HAPO
Figure 87. Atlas passive modular exoskeleton
Figure 88. ExoAtlet II
Figure 89. ExoHeaver
Figure 90. Exy ONE
Figure 91. ExoArm
Figure 92. ExoMotus
Figure 93. Gloreha Sinfonia
Figure 94. BELK Knee Exoskeleton
Figure 95. Apex exosuit
Figure 96. Honda Walking Assist
Figure 97. BionicBack
Figure 98. Muscle Suit
Figure 99. Japet.W powered exoskeleton
Figure 100. Ski~Mojo
Figure 101. AIRFRAME passive shoulder
Figure 102. FORTIS passive tool holding exoskeleton
Figure 103. Integrated Soldier Exoskeleton (UPRISE®)
Figure 104. UNILEXA passive exoskeleton
Figure 105. HandTutor
Figure 106. MyoPro®
Figure 107. Myosuit
Figure 108. archelis wearable chair
Figure 109. Chairless Chair
Figure 110. Indego
Figure 111. Polyspine
Figure 112. Hercule powered lower body exoskeleton
Figure 113. ReStore Soft Exo-Suit
Figure 114. Hand of Hope
Figure 115. REX powered exoskeleton
Figure 116. Elevate Ski Exoskeleton
Figure 117. UGO210 exoskeleton
Figure 118. EsoGLOVE Pro
Figure 119. Roki
Figure 120. Powered Clothing
Figure 121. Againer shock absorbing exoskeleton
Figure 122. EasyWalk Assistive Soft Exoskeleton Walker
Figure 123. Skel-Ex
Figure 124. EXO-H3 lower limbs robotic exoskeleton
Figure 125. Ikan Tilta Max Armor-Man 2
Figure 126. AMADEO hand and finger robotic rehabilitation device
Figure 127. Atalante autonomous lower-body exoskeleton
Figure 128. Power supply mechanisms for electronic textiles and wearables
Figure 129. Micro-scale energy scavenging techniques
Figure 130. Schematic illustration of the fabrication concept for textile-based dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) made by sewing textile electrodes onto cloth or paper
Figure 131. 3D printed piezoelectric material
Figure 132. Application of electronic textiles in AR/VR
Figure 133. Global electronic textiles and smart clothing market 2017-2033, revenues by sector (billions USD)
Figure 134. BioMan 
Figure 135. EXO Glove
Figure 136. LED hooded jacket
Figure 137. Heated element module
Figure 138. Carhartt X-1 Smart Heated Vest
Figure 139. Cionic Neural Sleeve
Figure 140. Graphene dress. The dress changes colour in sync with the wearer’s breathing
Figure 141. Descante Solar Thermo insulated jacket
Figure 142. G Graphene Aero Jersey
Figure 143. HiFlex strain/pressure sensor
Figure 144. KiTT motion tracking knee sleeve
Figure 145. Healables app-controlled electrotherapy device
Figure 146. LumeoLoop device
Figure 147. Electroskin integration schematic
Figure 148. Nextiles’ compression garments
Figure 149. Nextiles e-fabric
Figure 150. Nuada
Figure 151. Palarum PUP smart socks
Figure 152. Smardii smart diaper
Figure 153. Softmatter compression garment
Figure 154. Softmatter sports bra with a woven ECG sensor
Figure 155. MoCap Pro Glove
Figure 156. Teslasuit
Figure 157. ZOZOFIT wearable at-home 3D body scanner
Figure 158. YouCare smart shirt

• ActionSense Ltd
• AG Texteis
• AI Silk Corporation
• AIQ Smart Clothing, Inc.
• Alphaclo
• Ambiotex GmbH
• AMSU (Shenzhen) New Technology Co. Ltd.
• Asahi Kasei
• Asiatic Fiber Corporation
• Asics
• Athos
• Bally Ribbon Mills
• Bando Chemical Industries, Ltd.
• Bekaert
• BioSerenity SAS
• BloomerTech
• Brochier Technologies SAS
• C2 Sense, Inc.
• Chronolife SAS
• Cionic, Inc.
• Cipher Skin, Inc.
• City Bright Co., Ltd.
• Clim8
• Comftech srl
• Conductive Transfers
• CuteCircuit
• DaVinci Wearables
• Descente Ltd.
• Directa Plus
• dorsaVi Ltd.
• Dupont
• Durak Tekstil
• E. Textint Corp.
• Eeonyx Corporation
• Electroninks
• Eleksen
• Elidah
• Elitac B.V.
• Emglare, Inc.
• EPTATech S.R.L.
• EXO2
• Far Eastern New Century
• Feel The Same
• FeetMe
• Flextrapower
• Footfalls & Heartbeats (UK) Limited
• Formosa Taffeta
• Forster Rohner AG
• Fujian Huafeng Industry Co., Ltd.
• Gaugewear, Inc.
• Grafren AB
• Grapheal
• Graphene One LLC
• Graphwear Technologies
• H.E.A.T. Inc
• Healables
• Healthwatch Technologies
• HeiQ Materials AG
• Heraeus Epurio
• Hexoskin
• Hilu
• Holst Centre
• IcosaMed Sarl
• IDUN Technologies AG
• Imagine Intelligent Materials Pty Ltd
• Interactive Wear
• Inuheat Group AB
• Kenzen
• Komodo Technologies, Inc.
• KYMIRA
• LiBEST
• LifePlus Inc.
• Liquid Wire, Inc.
• Liquid X Printed Metals
• Loomia Technologies, Inc.
• Lumeo Technology AB (Lumeotech)
• MesoMat
• miomove s.r.o.
• Mitsufuji Corporation
• Modjoul
• Myant, Inc.
• Myontec Oy
• Nanoleq AG
• Nanowear, Inc.
• Nextiles, Inc.
• Noble Biomaterials, Inc.
• Novasentis
• NTT (New Textile Technologies) GmbH
• Nuada
• NUUBO Smart Solutions Technologies, SL
• Nyoka Technologies
• Ohmatex
• Organic Robotics Corporation
• ORORO Heated Apparel
• Orpyx Medical Technologies Inc.
• Outlast Technologies LLC
• Oy Morphona Ltd.
• Palarum, LLC
• Power Textiles Limited
• Prevayl Limited
• Primo1D
• Propel LLC
• Ruentex Industries Limited
• Sankiconsys Co., Ltd.
• sansirro GmbH
• Schoeller Textil AG
• Schöffel
• Seismic
• SensFit Technologies
• Sensing Tex
• Sensoria
• Sensoria, Inc.
• Shenzhen Grahope New Materials Technologies Inc.
• Singular Wings Medical Co., Ltd.
• Sinopulsar Technology, Inc.
• Siren
• SkinBreeze B.V.
• Skyscrape Inc.
• Smardii, Inc.
• SmartIR Ltd.
• Softmatter
• Spiber Technologies AB
• Statex Produktions- und Vertriebs GmbH
• StretchSense
• Strive
• Taiyo Industrial Co., Ltd.
• Tec-Innovation GmbH
• Teijin Limited
• Teslasuit
• Teveri
• Texis
• Tex-Ray Industrial Co., Ltd.
• Textile Two Dimensional
• Thread In Motion
• Toray Industries, Inc.
• Toyobo Co., Ltd.
• Tyme Wear
• Versarien plc
• Verve Motion
• Vista Medical
• Vollebak
• Volt Wearable Tech Corporation
• Voxel8
• Wearable X
• WearOptimo
• Xenoma, Inc.
• Xmetix Ltd.
• Yamaha Motor Co., Ltd.
• Zhuhai AdvanPro Technology Co., Ltd.
• Zive
• ZOZO Group
• ZTE Corporation

Methodology