EV Charging Infrastructure in Europe and North America - 4th Edition

1.1 EV charging infrastructure in Europe
1.2 EV charging infrastructure in North America
1.3 The electric vehicle market
1.3.1 Vehicle types
1.3.2 The electric vehicle market in Europe
1.3.3 The electric vehicle market in North America
1.4 Market players
1.4.1 Charge point operators (CPOs)
1.4.2 Mobility service providers (MSPs)
1.4.3 Hardware and software providers

2.1 Electric vehicle charging
2.1.1 AC and DC
2.1.2 Charging modes and levels
2.1.3 Battery capacity and charging time
2.2 Connector Standards
2.2.1 Type 1/SAE J1772
2.2.2 Type 2
2.2.3 Combined charging system (CCS)
2.2.4 CHAdeMO
2.2.5 North American Charging Standard (Tesla)
2.2.6 GB/T
2.3 Connectivity and management software
2.3.1 Cellular IoT gateways, routers and modems
2.3.2 The open charge point protocol (OCPP)
2.3.3 Charging station management software
2.4 Payment solutions
2.4.1 Mobile payments and RFID tags
2.4.2 ISO 15118
2.4.3 Autocharge
2.4.4 Payment terminals

3.1 Europe
3.1.1 Allego
3.1.2 Atlante
3.1.3 Be Charge
3.1.4 Bouygues Energies and Services (Bouygues Construction)
3.1.5 BP Pulse
3.1.6 CEZ Group
3.1.7 E.ON Group
3.1.8 EnBW
3.1.9 Eneco eMobility
3.1.10 Enel X (Enel Group)
3.1.11 ESB Group
3.1.12 Fastned
3.1.13 Freshmile
3.1.14 Iberdrola Group
3.1.15 InstaVolt
3.1.16 Ionity
3.1.17 Izivia (EDF)
3.1.18 Jolt Energy
3.1.19 Mer (Statkraft)
3.1.20 Power Dot
3.1.21 Recharge
3.1.22 Shell Recharge Solutions
3.1.23 TotalEnergies
3.1.24 Vattenfall Group
3.2 North America
3.2.1 Blink Charging
3.2.2 Electrify America
3.2.3 Electrify Canada
3.2.4 EVgo
3.2.5 Francis Energy
3.2.6 Hydro-Québec
3.2.7 Tesla
3.2.8 Volta Charging

4.1 Europe
4.1.1 ABB
4.1.2 ABL
4.1.3 ADS-TEC Energy
4.1.4 Alfen
4.1.5 Alpitronic
4.1.6 Amina Charging
4.1.7 AMPECO
4.1.8 Charge Amps
4.1.9 Chargecloud
4.1.10 ChargeNode
4.1.11 Circontrol
4.1.12 Compleo Charging Solutions
4.1.13 CTEK
4.1.14 DBT Group
4.1.15 Driivz
4.1.16 Easee
4.1.17 Eaton
4.1.18 Ecotap (Legrand)
4.1.19 Efacec
4.1.20 Ekoenergetyka
4.1.21 Elli
4.1.22 eNovates
4.1.23 Ensto Building Systems (Legrand)
4.1.24 E-Totem
4.1.25 EO Charging
4.1.26 Etrel
4.1.27 EVBox (ENGIE)
4.1.28 Evtec
4.1.29 Fortum
4.1.30 Garo
4.1.31 Gnrgy
4.1.32 GreenFlux
4.1.33 Heidelberg Amperfied (Heidelberg Druckmaschinen)
4.1.34 Ingeteam
4.1.35 IES Synergy
4.1.36 Juice Technology
4.1.37 KEBA
4.1.38 Kempower
4.1.39 Kostad
4.1.40 L-Charge
4.1.41 Last Mile Solutions
4.1.42 Mennekes Group
4.1.43 Pod Point (EDF)
4.1.44 Rolec Services
4.1.45 Schneider Electric
4.1.46 Siemens
4.1.47 Smartlab
4.1.48 Teltonika
4.1.49 Tritium
4.1.50 Virta
4.1.51 Wallbox
4.1.52 Webasto
4.1.53 Wirelane
4.1.54 Zaptec
4.2 North America
4.2.1 Flo
4.2.2 BorgWarner
4.2.3 BTC Power (E.ON)
4.2.4 ChargePoint
4.2.5 ClipperCreek
4.2.6 Delta Electronics
4.2.7 Elmec
4.2.8 EV Connect
4.2.9 EvoCharge (Phillips & Temro)
4.2.10 EVPassport
4.2.11 FreeWire Technologies
4.2.12 InductEV
4.2.13 SemaConnect
4.2.14 SK Signet
4.3 Additional hardware vendors

5.1 Market analysis
5.1.1 Market forecast
5.1.2 Regional market analysis
5.1.3 Government incentives and investments
5.2 Value chain analysis
5.2.1 EV charging hardware vendors
5.2.2 Software providers and charge point operators
5.2.3 Automotive industry players
5.2.4 Mergers and acquisitions
5.3 Market trends
5.3.1 The electric vehicle market continues to grow in spite of market uncertainty
5.3.2 The business case for connected charging stations continues to improve
5.3.3 M&As drive consolidation in the EV charging landscape
5.3.4 Going public gives access to growth capital
5.3.5 Demand for public and destination charging to increase rapidly in Europe
5.3.6 Open architectures alter the EV charging value chain
5.3.7 A modular design improves the case for DC charging
5.3.8 Car OEMs offer MSP services to lower barriers to EV adoption
5.3.9 Fast charging to move to more urban locations
5.3.10 Heavy commercial vehicle charging emerges as a new segment
5.3.11 New EV charging concepts using existing electrical installations in cities

Figure 1.1: EV fleet and new registrations (EU+EFTA+UK 2022/2023)
Figure 1.2: BEV fleet and new registrations (EU+EFTA+UK 2022/2023)
Figure 1.3: PHEV fleet and new registrations (EU+EFTA+UK 2022/2023)
Figure 1.4: EV fleet and new registrations (North America 2022/2023)
Figure 1.5: BEV fleet and new registrations (North America 2022/2023)
Figure 1.6: PHEV fleet and new registrations (North America 2022/2023)
Figure 1.7: Public AC charging points (EU+EFTA+UK 2023)
Figure 1.8: Public DC charging points (EU+EFTA+UK 2023)
Figure 1.9: BEVs per public AC and DC charging points (EU+EFTA+UK 2023)
Figure 1.10: AC and DC charging points (North America 2023)
Figure 1.11: Electric vehicles per normal and fast charging points (North America 2022)
Figure 2.1: Charging using alternating current and direct current
Figure 2.2: Charging modes
Figure 2.3: Charging levels
Figure 2.4: Examples of battery capacity for different car models
Figure 2.5: Theoretical charging duration for a 90-kWh battery
Figure 2.6: Connector standards by geographical region
Figure 2.7: Approximate layout of the new MCS and ChaoJi connectors
Figure 2.8: Common features in cellular IoT gateways and routers
Figure 2.9: Examples of routers used in EV charging applications
Figure 2.10: Overview of a cluster configuration
Figure 2.11: Example of a dashboard for management of charging operations
Figure 2.12: Example of RFID card and tag
Figure 2.13: Examples of payment terminals for EV charging stations
Figure 3.1: An Allego fast charging location
Figure 3.2: Enel X Way’s Juicebox
Figure 3.3: A Fastned charging location
Figure 3.4: An Ionity charging site
Figure 3.5: Jolt’s MerlinOne mobile charger and swap truck
Figure 3.6: Shell Recharge Solutions’ AC wallbox and Media charger
Figure 3.7: The Blink Series 9 DC charging station and EQ 200 AC wallbox
Figure 3.8: A Francis Energy charging station
Figure 3.9: Tesla’s Supercharger
Figure 3.10: Tesla’s Wall Connector
Figure 3.11: Voltpost charging station
Figure 4.1: The Terra AC wallbox and Terra 360 from ABB E-mobility
Figure 4.2: ADS-TEC Energy’s ChargePost and ChargeBox
Figure 4.3: The Hypercharger HYC400
Figure 4.4: The Amina S wallbox from Amina Charging
Figure 4.5: The Raption Compact 160 charger
Figure 4.6: Chargestorm Connected and Njord Go on a wall mount from CTEK
Figure 4.7: The Driivz suite dashboard
Figure 4.8: The Easee Charge Max wallbox
Figure 4.9: The ECC400 and DCPillar450 from EnerCharge
Figure 4.10: Troniq Modular and BusinessLine Double from EVBox
Figure 4.11: Juice Booster 3 with connector and adapters
Figure 4.12: KeContact P40 and M20 from KEBA
Figure 4.13: Kempower Satellite and Station Charger
Figure 4.14: Unity22 and Unity360 from Kostad
Figure 4.15: The INCH Pro from Landis+Gyr EV solutions
Figure 4.16: Ecotap’s Homebox and DC180 chargers
Figure 4.17: E-mobility Gateway and Amtron Compact from Mennekes
Figure 4.18: Siemens VersiCharge wallbox
Figure 4.19: Teltonika’s TeltoCharge
Figure 4.20: The Tritium RT50
Figure 4.21: Quasar 2 from Wallbox
Figure 4.22: Next and TurboDX from Ampure
Figure 4.23: The Gen 4 All-in-One and Public Dispenser EV chargers
Figure 4.24: ChargePoint Home and Express
Figure 4.25: The Ara home energy station from Dcbel
Figure 4.26: Flo Home X6 and Flo Ultra
Figure 4.27: The FreeWire Boost Power Pro with integrated energy storage
Figure 4.28: Additional hardware suppliers
Figure 5.1: Installed base and shipments of charging points (Europe 2023-2028)
Figure 5.2: Connected charging points by technology (Europe 2023-2028)
Figure 5.3: Market value by segment (Europe 2023-2028)
Figure 5.4: Installed base and shipments in major European markets (2023-2028)
Figure 5.5: Installed base and shipments of charging points (North America 2023-2028)
Figure 5.6: Connected charging points by technology (North America 2023-2028)
Figure 5.7: Market value by segment (North America 2023-2028)
Figure 5.8: Policies active in major electric vehicle countries in Europe (Q2-2024)
Figure 5.9: Installed base of charging points by vendor (Europe Q2-2024)
Figure 5.10: Installed base of DC charging stations by vendor (Europe Q2-2024)
Figure 5.11: Installed base of charging points by vendor (North America Q2-2024)
Figure 5.12: Installed base of DC charging stations by vendor (North America Q2-2024)
Figure 5.13: Connected charging points by software vendor (Europe Q2-2024)
Figure 5.14: Connected charging points by software vendor (North America Q2-2024)
Figure 5.15: Public charging networks (North America Q2-2024)
Figure 5.16: Public DC charging networks (North America Q2-2024)
Figure 5.17: M&As among companies active in EV charging (2017-2024)
Figure 5.18: lPOs and listings via SPAC mergers (2014-2024)