Cardiac Care and COVID-19: Perspectives in Medical Practice is an accessible reference on diagnoses and treatment modalities for cardiac diseases in general, and emergency cardiac conditions to be more specific, with respect to the current COVID-19 pandemic. Chapters in the book give updated descriptions of common problems in emergency medicine and cardiovascular disease. Each chapter is dedicated to a specific cardiovascular disease and explains management principles, diagnostic procedures and therapy. Examples of medical cases have also been used to highlight complex issues to give a concrete understanding of the cardiac care in COVID-19 patients to the medical practitioner, whether they are involved in critical care or in outpatient clinics.
Key Features:
- Clinical guidelines for critical care and cardiovascular management of COVID-19 patients
- Topic-based information about cardiovascular diseases
- Covers a range of cardiovascular problems including myocarditis, arrhythmias, chest pain, acute coronary syndrome
- Information on pulmonary embolism and associated problems
- Reader friendly presentation
- Case-based examples for explaining concepts
The range of topics combined with the simple presentation make this an essential reference for healthcare workers in emergency medicine, cardiology and nursing. General physicians interested in the cardiovascular impact of COVID-19 will also benefit from the information provided in the book.
Table of Contents
Chapter 1 Introduction: Cardiac Disease in the Pandemic Era:- Teaching an Old Dog New Tricks?
- Introduction
- Emergent Coronary Revascularization
- Alternative Approaches to the Management of Vf
- The Pandemics
- Conclusion
- References
Chapter 2 Cardiovascular Disease and COVID-19
- Introduction
- Distinguishing Features of Acute Coronary Syndromes
- Findings from Different Database Studies
- Are Ethnic Differences Important for COVID-19?
- Myocardial Injury Severity and Mortality
- How Much Myocardial Damage Occurs in COVID-19?
- In Whom Does Myocardial Damage Occur and How Do We Identify It?
- Pathological Findings
- Global View of Myocardial Infarction (Stemi/Nstemi) After COVID19
- Diagnostic Strategies
- Treatment Strategy: Pci or Fibrinolysis?
- Did the Pandemic Process Affect Heart Attacks?
- Summary and Conclusions
- What Should be Done to Mitigate Pandemic Effects on Cvd?
- References
Chapter 3 Myocardial Damage, Myocarditis, and COVID-19
- Myocardial Injury Inflicted by COVID-19
- Mechanisms of How Sars-Cov-2 Induces Inflammation and Disease
- Myocarditis
- Cardiotropic Viruses as the Causes
- Fulminant Myocarditis (Fm)
- Diagnosis
- Usg/Pocus/Echocardiography
- Initial Management
- Treatment Strategies for Myocarditis
- Iv Immune Globulins (Ivig)
- Hemodynamic Maneuvers
- Conclusions
- References
Chapter 4 Coagulopathies, Prothrombotic State, Thromboembolism,
- Bleeding, and COVID-19
- Introduction
- Laboratory Variables
- Troponin and Bnp Can Predict the Severity of COVID-19
- Pulmonary Thromboembolism (Pte) and COVID-19
- Should We Heparinize the Patients with COVID-19?
- Conclusion
- References
Chapter 5 Chest Pain and Acute Coronary Syndromes (Acs)
- Introduction
- Etiology
- Pathogenesis
- Noncardiac Chest Pain
- Medical History
- Atypical Presentations
- Diagnosis (Physical Examination and Laboratory Examination)
- Emergency Conditions
- Less Urgent Conditions
- Benign (Non-Emergency) Diseases
- Physical Examination
- Look
- Inspection
- Skin Color
- Capillary Refill
- Neck (Jugular) Vein Distention (Jvd)
- Peripheral/Presacral Edema
- Listen
- Breathing Sounds
- Heart Sounds
- Carotid Artery Murmur
- Abdominal Auscultation and Palpation
- Feel
- Pulse
- Skin
- Clubbing
- Ecg: Key Points
- Treatment
- High-Flow Nasal Oxygen Therapy (Hfnot)
- Nitroglycerin
- Acute Myocardial Infarction (Ami)
- Congestive Heart Failure
- Signs and Symptoms
- Approach to Acs in Pregnancy
- A. Approach Steps to the Patient with Chest Pain in Nature/Outdoor Activities
- B. Prehospital Approach to the Patient Suspected of Acs (911/112)
- Pre-Hospital Intervention Aims
- Supplemental O2
- Nitroglycerin
- Morphine Sulfate
- Beta Blockers
- Nitrous Oxide
- Benzodiazepines (Diazepam, Midazolam)
- Lidocaine
- Procainamide
- Atropine Sulphate
- Epinephrine (Adrenaline)
- Adenosine
- Verapamil
- Diltiazem
- How Was the Ems Management of Acs Changed in the COVID-19 Era?
- Thrombolytic Therapy in the Field
- C. Approach to the Patient with Acs in the Hospital
- Stemi
- Nstemi
- Unstable Angina Pectoris (Usap)
- Sudden Cardiac Death
- Laboratory Markers of Acs
- Ecg
- Left Main Coronary Artery Occlusion
- Exercise Test and Risk Assessment
- Interpretation
- False Positives
- Cardiac Enzymes
- Cardiac Troponins
- Acs in the Elderly
- Is Imaging Performed for Ami?
- Coronary Ct-Angiography (Ccta)
- Accuracy Rate
- Ccta Advantages
- Unstable Angina Pectoris (Usap)
- General Management Principles
- Low Risk Patients
- Killip Classification
- Treatment Goals in Acs Management
- Emergency Management of Usap
- Nstemi Treatment
- Anti-Ischemic Treatment in Acs
- Dual Antiplatelet Therapy (Dapt)
- Prasugrel
- Clopidogrel
- Is Antiplatelet Therapy Effective on Respiratory Failure in COVID-19?
- TiCAGRelor
- Anticoagulant Treatment
- Heparin Dosage
- If Primary Pci Will be Performed
- If Fibrinolytic Treatment Will be Ordered
- Other Antiischemic Therapy
- Oxygen
- Nitroglycerin
- Morphine Sulfate
- Beta Blockers
- Esmolol
- Calcium Channel Blockers
- Benzodiazepines (Diazepam, Midazolam)
- Epinephrine (Adrenaline)
- Dopamine
- Ivabradine
- Cardiogenic Shock
- Signs and Symptoms
- Treatment
- Medicines to be Used
- Dopamine
- Norepinephrine
- Conclusion
- References
Chapter 6 Heart Failure and Acute Pulmonary Edema (Aped)
- Introduction
- Etiology Frank-Starling Law
- Types and Clinical Presentation
- Characteristics of Patients with Hf
- Pathogenesis
- Diastolic Dysfunction (Dd)
- Hf Accompanying Acs
- Diagnosis, Physical Examination and Findings
- Increased Venous Pressure, L H., Signs of Retrograde Circulatory Failure
- Radiological and Laboratory Findings
- Telecardiogram
- Conventional Chest X-Ray (Cxr)
- Ultrasonography (Usg)/Pocus
- Bedside Usg/Pocus: Modified Lucus Protocol
- Ct
- Gadolinium-Enhanced Cardiac Mri
- Ecg
- Usg/Echocardiography
- Pulse Oximeter
- Arterial Blood Gases (Abg)
- Biochemistry
- Complete Blood Count
- B-Type Natriuretic Peptide (Brain Natriuretic Peptide, Bnp) and N-Terminal Probnp (Ntprobnp)
- Other Blood Tests
- Differential Diagnosis
- Copd Exacerbations
- Right Ventricular Ami
- Cardiac Tamponade
- Pulmonary Embolism
- Pneumonia
- Acute Pulmonary Edema (Aped)
- Signs and Symptoms
- Left Hf Findings
- Treatment of Left Hf/Aped
- Follow-Up
- The First-Line Treatment
- Fluid Therapy
- Ensuring Oxygenation
- Oxygenation with High Flow Nasal Cannula (Hfnco)
- Non-Invasive Ventilation (Niv)
- Coronary Revascularization
- Mona-Fb Treatment
- M: Morphine Sulfate
- O: (Oxygen)
- N: Nitrates, Glycerol Trinitrate
- A: Aspirin, Acetylsalicylic Acid (Asa)
- F: Furosemide
- Update
- B: Beta-Blocker
- Additional Treatments
- Ace Inhibitors
- Digoxin
- Vasopressors
- Dopamine
- Dobutamine
- Levosimendan
- Milrinon
- Istaroxim
- Anxiolytic and Sedatives
- Renal Replacement Therapy
- Treatment in Cardiogenic Shock
- Class I Recommendations
- Class Iib Recommendations
- Conclusion
- References
Chapter 7 Acute Pulmonary Embolism (Ape)
- Case
- Diagnosis
- “Pre-Test Probability” (Ptp) for Ape
- Diagnostic Strategy
- Ecg Findings for Ape
- How to Rule Out Ape?
- Lab Biomarkers
- D-Dimer
- Pocus/Bedside Usg/Echocardiography
- Compression Ultrasonography (Cus)
- Ruling Out Ape with Usg
- Ct Pulmonary Angiography (Ctpa)
- Emergency Management and Treatment
- Low Molecular Weight Heparin (Lmwh)
- Vitamin K Antagonists and the New Oral Anticoagulants (Noac)
- Surgical Embolectomy
- Outpatient Treatment of Stable, Low-Risk Patients with Verified Ape
- Clues in Ape Flowsheet- Summary
- References
Author
- Ozgur Karcioglu
