This study presents data from 44 major research university schools of engineering predominantly in the USA but also in Canada, Australia and the UK - about how faculty are collaborating or not with Chinese and Russian scientists. The study gives detailed information about how the cooling of relations between the USA and other major English-speaking western countries on the one hand, and China and Russia on the other - have impacted scientific and scholarly collaboration in engineering and science related fields.
The study pinpoints the percentage of engineering faculty who have co-authored articles with either Russian or Chinese scientists or who have conducted collaborative research with Russian or Chinese scientists. The report also looks into trends in the use of Chinese and Russian postdocs, graduate students and visiting scholars, and at how the newly confrontational stance in international relations has impacted such flows and exchanges of scientific personnel. Survey participants give their opinion of the likely course of scientific collaboration with Russian and Chinese scientists at their institutions, and their opinions of the more restrictive attitudes that have emerged in recent years. The study also looks at the extent to which scholars handle classified or controlled materials and their self-assessment on how clear they are on the restrictions such materials require.
The report helps its readers to answer questions such as: which fields have been most impacted by the chill in USA-China relations? What will be the practical consequences for the use of postdocs from China? Or joint scientific ventures in China? How has it and will it impact the recruitment of students from Russia and China? How knowledgeable are American engineering and scientific faculty about US export controls and how they may relate to joint research with scholars who are Russian or Chinese nationals? Are scholars from Russia and China treated similarly or differently? Do faculty feel that recent measures to restrict the access of some Chinese students to certain fields are racist? Or reasonable security measures?
Data in the report is broken out by a broad range of criteria including enrollment size, public/private status, tuition level and world university ranking of the participant’s parent institution, and by the age, gender, academic field, and political beliefs of the survey participant.
Just a few of this 168-page report’s many findings are that:
- 45% of those surveyed had shared publication credit with Chinese nationals working outside of the USA.
- 36% of respondents in biomedical or environmental engineering said that prior to the pandemic, cooperation with Chinese scholars had been increasing.
- More engineers from the public than private colleges felt that cooperation with Chinese scholars would decline over the next two years.
- 55% of universities in the top tier of global rankings felt at they would have fewer or far fewer graduate students from China over the next two years.
- Respondents from civil engineering were less clear than others about what kind of information can be shared with postdocs from Russia or China.
- 12% of those surveyed had shared publication credit with Russian nationals working outside of the USA.
Table of Contents
THE QUESTIONNAIRE
INSTITUTIONAL AFFILIATIONS OF THE SURVEY PARTICIPANTS
- Characteristics of the Sample
SUMMARY OF MAIN FINDINGS
- Collaborative Research with Russian or Chinese Nationals?
- Sharing Publication Credit with Chinese or Russian Nationals
- Trend in Scholarly Collaboration with Russia and China Prior to the Pandemic
- Expected Level of Collaboration with Chinese and Russian Scholars Over the Next Two Years
- Impact on Scholarly Collaboration of Deterioration of Relations Between China and Major Western Countries
- Planned Use of Postdocs from China
- Likely Enrollment Levels of Chinese Graduate Students in the Future
- Likely Enrollment Levels of Russian Graduate Students in the Future
- Views of Role of Racism in Government Efforts to Investigate Chinese Students Over Tech Transfer Issues
- View of Activities of Chinese Government to Surveil Chinese Students
- View of Future of Departmental Efforts to Recruit Chinese Students to Attend the University
- View of Future of Departmental Efforts to Recruit Russian Students to Attend the University
- Impact of Visa Restrictions on Chinese Scholars
- Inclination or Not Towards De-emphasizing Relationship with China
- Attitude of Research Office Towards China-Related Scholarly Partnerships
- Views of Working with Scholars Funded by the Chinese Government
- Measures Taken to Mitigate Problems Caused by Loss of Chinese Postdocs
- Increasing Funding to Pay for Recruitment of Postdocs
- Opinion of the Potential for Preoccupation with Espionage to Undermine Open Science
- Clarity of Understanding of Export Control Rules Regarding Collaboration with Chinese or Russian Nationals
- Percentage of Scholars Dealing with Classified and Other Controlled Information
- Understanding of Issues Regarding Information Sharing with Russian or Chinese Scholars
List of Tables
Table 1 Have you ever done collaborative research with nationals from any of the following countries (exclude US citizens but include green card holders)
Table 1.1.1 Have you ever done collaborative research with Russian nationals working outside of the USA?
Table 1.1.2 Have you ever done collaborative research with Russian nationals working outside of the USA? Broken out by world school ranking
Table 1.1.3 Have you ever done collaborative research with Russian nationals working outside of the USA? Broken out by public or private status
Table 1.1.4 Have you ever done collaborative research with Russian nationals working outside of the USA? Broken out by enrollment
Table 1.1.5 Have you ever done collaborative research with Russian nationals working outside of the USA? Broken out by type or Carnegie class
Table 1.1.6 Have you ever done collaborative research with Russian nationals working outside of the USA? Broken out by age of respondent
Table 1.1.7 Have you ever done collaborative research with Russian nationals working outside of the USA? Broken out by gender of respondent
Table 1.1.8 Have you ever done collaborative research with Russian nationals working outside of the USA? Broken out by how would you characterize your personal political beliefs?
Table 1.1.9 Have you ever done collaborative research with Russian nationals working outside of the USA? Broken out by academic field
Table 1.2.1 Have you ever done collaborative research with Russian nationals working inside of the USA?
Table 1.2.2 Have you ever done collaborative research with Russian nationals working inside of the USA? Broken out by world school ranking
Table 1.2.3 Have you ever done collaborative research with Russian nationals working inside of the USA? Broken out by public or private status
Table 1.2.4 Have you ever done collaborative research with Russian nationals working inside of the USA? Broken out by enrollment
Table 1.2.5 Have you ever done collaborative research with Russian nationals working inside of the USA? Broken out by type or Carnegie class
Table 1.2.6 Have you ever done collaborative research with Russian nationals working inside of the USA? Broken out by age of respondent
Table 1.2.7 Have you ever done collaborative research with Russian nationals working inside of the USA? Broken out by gender of respondent
Table 1.2.8 Have you ever done collaborative research with Russian nationals working inside of the USA? Broken out by how would you characterize your personal political beliefs?
Table 1.2.9 Have you ever done collaborative research with Russian nationals working inside of the USA? Broken out by academic field
Table 1.3.1 Have you ever done collaborative research with Chinese nationals working inside of the USA?
Table 1.3.2 Have you ever done collaborative research with Chinese nationals working inside of the USA? Broken out by world school ranking
Table 1.3.3 Have you ever done collaborative research with Chinese nationals working inside of the USA? Broken out by public or private status
Table 1.3.4 Have you ever done collaborative research with Chinese nationals working inside of the USA? Broken out by enrollment
Table 1.3.5 Have you ever done collaborative research with Chinese nationals working inside of the USA? Broken out by type or Carnegie class
Table 1.3.6 Have you ever done collaborative research with Chinese nationals working inside of the USA? Broken out by age of respondent
Table 1.3.7 Have you ever done collaborative research with Chinese nationals working inside of the USA? Broken out by gender of respondent
Table 1.3.8 Have you ever done collaborative research with Chinese nationals working inside of the USA? Broken out by how would you characterize your personal political beliefs?
Table 1.3.9 Have you ever done collaborative research with Chinese nationals working inside of the USA? Broken out by academic field
Table 1.4.1 Have you ever done collaborative research with Chinese nationals working outside of the USA?
Table 1.4.2 Have you ever done collaborative research with Chinese nationals working outside of the USA? Broken out by world school ranking
Table 1.4.3 Have you ever done collaborative research with Chinese nationals working outside of the USA? Broken out by public or private status
Table 1.4.4 Have you ever done collaborative research with Chinese nationals working outside of the USA? Broken out by enrollment
Table 1.4.5 Have you ever done collaborative research with Chinese nationals working outside of the USA? Broken out by type or Carnegie class
Table 1.4.6 Have you ever done collaborative research with Chinese nationals working outside of the USA? Broken out by age of respondent
Table 1.4.7 Have you ever done collaborative research with Chinese nationals working outside of the USA? Broken out by gender of respondent
Table 1.4.8 Have you ever done collaborative research with Chinese nationals working outside of the USA? Broken out by how would you characterize your personal political beliefs?
Table 1.4.9 Have you ever done collaborative research with Chinese nationals working outside of the USA? Broken out by academic field
Table 2 Have you ever shared credit on a published or soon to be published scholarly research paper with nationals from any of the following countries (exclude US citizens but include green card holders
Table 2.1.1 Have you ever shared credit on a published or soon to be published scholarly research paper with Russian nationals working outside of the USA?
Table 2.1.2 Have you ever shared credit on a published or soon to be published scholarly research paper with Russian nationals working outside of the USA? Broken out by world school ranking
Table 2.1.3 Have you ever shared credit on a published or soon to be published scholarly research paper with Russian nationals working outside of the USA? Broken out by public or private status
Table 2.1.4 Have you ever shared credit on a published or soon to be published scholarly research paper with Russian nationals working outside of the USA? Broken out by enrollment
Table 2.1.5 Have you ever shared credit on a published or soon to be published scholarly research paper with Russian nationals working outside of the USA? Broken out by type or Carnegie class
Table 2.1.6 Have you ever shared credit on a published or soon to be published scholarly research paper with Russian nationals working outside of the USA? Broken out by age of respondent
Table 2.1.7 Have you ever shared credit on a published or soon to be published scholarly research paper with Russian nationals working outside of the USA? Broken out by gender of respondent
Table 2.1.8 Have you ever shared credit on a published or soon to be published scholarly research paper with Russian nationals working outside of the USA? Broken out by how would you characterize your personal political beliefs?
Table 2.1.9 Have you ever shared credit on a published or soon to be published scholarly research paper with Russian nationals working outside of the USA? Broken out by academic field
Table 2.2.1 Have you ever shared credit on a published or soon to be published scholarly research paper with Russian nationals working inside of the USA?
Table 2.2.2 Have you ever shared credit on a published or soon to be published scholarly research paper with Russian nationals working inside of the USA? Broken out by world school ranking
Table 2.2.3 Have you ever shared credit on a published or soon to be published scholarly research paper with Russian nationals working inside of the USA? Broken out by public or private status
Table 2.2.4 Have you ever shared credit on a published or soon to be published scholarly research paper with Russian nationals working inside of the USA? Broken out by enrollment
Table 2.2.5 Have you ever shared credit on a published or soon to be published scholarly research paper with Russian nationals working inside of the USA? Broken out by type or Carnegie class
Table 2.2.6 Have you ever shared credit on a published or soon to be published scholarly research paper with Russian nationals working inside of the USA? Broken out by age of respondent
Table 2.2.7 Have you ever shared credit on a published or soon to be published scholarly research paper with Russian nationals working inside of the USA? Broken out by gender of respondent
Table 2.2.8 Have you ever shared credit on a published or soon to be published scholarly research paper with Russian nationals working inside of the USA? Broken out by how would you characterize your personal political beliefs?
Table 2.2.9 Have you ever shared credit on a published or soon to be published scholarly research paper with Russian nationals working inside of the USA? Broken out by academic field
Table 2.3.1 Have you ever shared credit on a published or soon to be published scholarly research paper with Chinese nationals working inside of the USA?
Table 2.3.2 Have you ever shared credit on a published or soon to be published scholarly research paper with Chinese nationals working inside of the USA? Broken out by world school ranking
Table 2.3.3 Have you ever shared credit on a published or soon to be published scholarly research paper with Chinese nationals working inside of the USA? Broken out by public or private status
Table 2.3.4 Have you ever shared credit on a published or soon to be published scholarly research paper with Chinese nationals working inside of the USA? Broken out by enrollment
Table 2.3.5 Have you ever shared credit on a published or soon to be published scholarly research paper with Chinese nationals working inside of the USA? Broken out by type or Carnegie class
Table 2.3.6 Have you ever shared credit on a published or soon to be published scholarly research paper with Chinese nationals working inside of the USA? Broken out by age of respondent
Table 2.3.7 Have you ever shared credit on a published or soon to be published scholarly research paper with Chinese nationals working inside of the USA? Broken out by gender of respondent
Table 2.3.8 Have you ever shared credit on a published or soon to be published scholarly research paper with Chinese nationals working inside of the USA? Broken out by how would you characterize your personal political beliefs?
Table 2.3.9 Have you ever shared credit on a published or soon to be published scholarly research paper with Chinese nationals working inside of the USA? Broken out by academic field
Table 2.4.1 Have you ever shared credit on a published or soon to be published scholarly research paper with Chinese nationals working outside of the USA?
Table 2.4.2 Have you ever shared credit on a published or soon to be published scholarly research paper with Chinese nationals working outside of the USA? Broken out by world school ranking
Table 2.4.3 Have you ever shared credit on a published or soon to be published scholarly research paper with Chinese nationals working outside of the USA? Broken out by public or private status
Table 2.4.4 Have you ever shared credit on a published or soon to be published scholarly research paper with Chinese nationals working outside of the USA? Broken out by enrollment
Table 2.4.5 Have you ever shared credit on a published or soon to be published scholarly research paper with Chinese nationals working outside of the USA? Broken out by type or Carnegie class
Table 2.4.6 Have you ever shared credit on a published or soon to be published scholarly research paper with Chinese nationals working outside of the USA? Broken out by age of respondent
Table 2.4.7 Have you ever shared credit on a published or soon to be published scholarly research paper with Chinese nationals working outside of the USA? Broken out by gender of respondent
Table 2.4.8 Have you ever shared credit on a published or soon to be published scholarly research paper with Chinese nationals working outside of the USA? Broken out by how would you characterize your personal political beliefs?
Table 2.4.9 Have you ever shared credit on a published or soon to be published scholarly research paper with Chinese nationals working outside of the USA? Broken out by academic field
Table 3.1 Over the past two years prior to the inception of the pandemic, how would you characterize the level of cooperation between scholars in your department and scholars in China or Chinese scholars working in America?
Table 3.2 Over the past two years prior to the inception of the pandemic, how would you characterize the level of cooperation between scholars in your department and scholars in China or Chinese scholars working in America? Broken out by world school ranking
Table 3.3 Over the past two years prior to the inception of the pandemic, how would you characterize the level of cooperation between scholars in your department and scholars in China or Chinese scholars working in America? Broken out by public or private status
Table 3.4 Over the past two years prior to the inception of the pandemic, how would you characterize the level of cooperation between scholars in your department and scholars in China or Chinese scholars working in America? Broken out by enrollment
Table 3.5 Over the past two years prior to the inception of the pandemic, how would you characterize the level of cooperation between scholars in your department and scholars in China or Chinese scholars working in America? Broken out by type or Carnegie class
Table 3.6 Over the past two years prior to the inception of the pandemic, how would you characterize the level of cooperation between scholars in your department and scholars in China or Chinese scholars working in America? Broken out by age of respondent
Table 3.7 Over the past two years prior to the inception of the pandemic, how would you characterize the level of cooperation between scholars in your department and scholars in China or Chinese scholars working in America? Broken out by gender of respondent
Table 3.8 Over the past two years prior to the inception of the pandemic, how would you characterize the level of cooperation between scholars in your department and scholars in China or Chinese scholars working in America? Broken out by how would you characterize your personal political beliefs?
Table 3.9 Over the past two years prior to the inception of the pandemic, how would you characterize the level of cooperation between scholars in your department and scholars in China or Chinese scholars working in America? Broken out by academic field
Table 4.1 Over the next two years how do you think that the level of cooperation between scholars in your department and scholars in China or Chinese scholars working in America will develop?
Table 4.2 Over the next two years how do you think that the level of cooperation between scholars in your department and scholars in China or Chinese scholars working in America will develop? Broken out by world school ranking
Table 4.3 Over the next two years how do you think that the level of cooperation between scholars in your department and scholars in China or Chinese scholars working in America will develop? Broken out by public or private status
Table 4.4 Over the next two years how do you think that the level of cooperation between scholars in your department and scholars in China or Chinese scholars working in America will develop? Broken out by enrollment
Table 4.5 Over the next two years how do you think that the level of cooperation between scholars in your department and scholars in China or Chinese scholars working in America will develop? Broken out by type or Carnegie class
Table 4.6 Over the next two years how do you think that the level of cooperation between scholars in your department and scholars in China or Chinese scholars working in America will develop? Broken out by age of respondent
Table 4.7 Over the next two years how do you think that the level of cooperation between scholars in your department and scholars in China or Chinese scholars working in America will develop? Broken out by gender of respondent
Table 4.8 Over the next two years how do you think that the level of cooperation between scholars in your department and scholars in China or Chinese scholars working in America will develop? Broken out by how would you characterize your personal political beliefs?
Table 4.9 Over the next two years how do you think that the level of cooperation between scholars in your department and scholars in China or Chinese scholars working in America will develop? Broken out by academic field
How has the deterioration of relations between China and many major Western and other developed countries impacted your current and future use of post docs and graduate students from China? Broken out by world school ranking
Table 5.1 Which phrase best characterizes your department's likely use of postdocs from China in the near future relative to the past?
Table 5.2 Which phrase best characterizes your department's likely use of postdocs from China in the near future relative to the past? Broken out by world school ranking
Table 5.3 Which phrase best characterizes your department's likely use of postdocs from China in the near future relative to the past? Broken out by public or private status
Table 5.4 Which phrase best characterizes your department's likely use of postdocs from China in the near future relative to the past? Broken out by enrollment
Table 5.5 Which phrase best characterizes your department's likely use of postdocs from China in the near future relative to the past? Broken out by type or Carnegie class
Table 5.6 Which phrase best characterizes your department's likely use of postdocs from China in the near future relative to the past? Broken out by age of respondent
Table 5.7 Which phrase best characterizes your department's likely use of postdocs from China in the near future relative to the past? Broken out by gender of respondent
Table 5.8 Which phrase best characterizes your department's likely use of postdocs from China in the near future relative to the past? Broken out by how would you characterize your personal political beliefs?
Table 5.9 Which phrase best characterizes your department's likely use of postdocs from China in the near future relative to the past? Broken out by academic field
Table 6.1 Which phrase best characterizes your university's likely roster of graduate students who are Chinese nationals in the future compared to the past?
Table 6.2 Which phrase best characterizes your university's likely roster of graduate students who are Chinese nationals in the future compared to the past? Broken out by world school ranking
Table 6.3 Which phrase best characterizes your university's likely roster of graduate students who are Chinese nationals in the future compared to the past? Broken out by public or private status
Table 6.4 Which phrase best characterizes your university's likely roster of graduate students who are Chinese nationals in the future compared to the past? Broken out by enrollment
Table 6.5 Which phrase best characterizes your university's likely roster of graduate students who are Chinese nationals in the future compared to the past? Broken out by type or Carnegie class
Table 6.6 Which phrase best characterizes your university's likely roster of graduate students who are Chinese nationals in the future compared to the past? Broken out by age of respondent
Table 6.7 Which phrase best characterizes your university's likely roster of graduate students who are Chinese nationals in the future compared to the past? Broken out by gender of respondent
Table 6.8 Which phrase best characterizes your university's likely roster of graduate students who are Chinese nationals in the future compared to the past? Broken out by how would you characterize your personal political beliefs?
Table 6.9 Which phrase best characterizes your university's likely roster of graduate students who are Chinese nationals in the future compared to the past? Broken out by academic field
Table 7.1 Which phrase best characterizes your university's likely roster of graduate students who are Russian nationals in the future compared to the past?
Table 7.2 Which phrase best characterizes your university's likely roster of graduate students who are Russian nationals in the future compared to the past? Broken out by world school ranking
Table 7.3 Which phrase best characterizes your university's likely roster of graduate students who are Russian nationals in the future compared to the past? Broken out by public or private status
Table 7.4 Which phrase best characterizes your university's likely roster of graduate students who are Russian nationals in the future compared to the past? Broken out by enrollment
Table 7.5 Which phrase best characterizes your university's likely roster of graduate students who are Russian nationals in the future compared to the past? Broken out by type or Carnegie class
Table 7.6 Which phrase best characterizes your university's likely roster of graduate students who are Russian nationals in the future compared to the past? Broken out by age of respondent
Table 7.7 Which phrase best characterizes your university's likely roster of graduate students who are Russian nationals in the future compared to the past? Broken out by gender of respondent
Table 7.8 Which phrase best characterizes your university's likely roster of graduate students who are Russian nationals in the future compared to the past? Broken out by how would you characterize your personal political beliefs?
Table 7.9 Which phrase best characterizes your university's likely roster of graduate students who are Russian nationals in the future compared to the past? Broken out by academic field
Table 8.1 In general, investigations of Chinese students and scholars in your country by authorities suspicious of technology transfer violations or spying might best be characterized as which of the following?
Table 8.2 In general, investigations of Chinese students and scholars in your country by authorities suspicious of technology transfer violations or spying might best be characterized as which of the following? Broken out by world school ranking
Table 8.3 In general, investigations of Chinese students and scholars in your country by authorities suspicious of technology transfer violations or spying might best be characterized as which of the following? Broken out by public or private status
Table 8.4 In general, investigations of Chinese students and scholars in your country by authorities suspicious of technology transfer violations or spying might best be characterized as which of the following? Broken out by enrollment
Table 8.5 In general, investigations of Chinese students and scholars in your country by authorities suspicious of technology transfer violations or spying might best be characterized as which of the following? Broken out by type or Carnegie class
Table 8.6 In general, investigations of Chinese students and scholars in your country by authorities suspicious of technology transfer violations or spying might best be characterized as which of the following? Broken out by age of respondent
Table 8.7 In general, investigations of Chinese students and scholars in your country by authorities suspicious of technology transfer violations or spying might best be characterized as which of the following? Broken out by gender of respondent
Table 8.8 In general, investigations of Chinese students and scholars in your country by authorities suspicious of technology transfer violations or spying might best be characterized as which of the following? Broken out by how would you characterize your personal political beliefs?
Table 8.9 In general, investigations of Chinese students and scholars in your country by authorities suspicious of technology transfer violations or spying might best be characterized as which of the following? Broken out by academic field
Table 9.1 How do you evaluate this statement: The Chinese government often monitors or surveiles its students in my country, and restricts their academic freedom, or threatens to do so.
Table 9.2 How do you evaluate this statement: The Chinese government often monitors or surveiles its students in my country, and restricts their academic freedom, or threatens to do so. Broken out by world school ranking
Table 9.3 How do you evaluate this statement: The Chinese government often monitors or surveiles its students in my country, and restricts their academic freedom, or threatens to do so. Broken out by public or private status
Table 9.4 How do you evaluate this statement: The Chinese government often monitors or surveiles its students in my country, and restricts their academic freedom, or threatens to do so. Broken out by enrollment
Table 9.5 How do you evaluate this statement: The Chinese government often monitors or surveiles its students in my country, and restricts their academic freedom, or threatens to do so. Broken out by type or Carnegie class
Table 9.6 How do you evaluate this statement: The Chinese government often monitors or surveiles its students in my country, and restricts their academic freedom, or threatens to do so. Broken out by age of respondent
Table 9.7 How do you evaluate this statement: The Chinese government often monitors or surveiles its students in my country, and restricts their academic freedom, or threatens to do so. Broken out by gender of respondent
Table 9.8 How do you evaluate this statement: The Chinese government often monitors or surveiles its students in my country, and restricts their academic freedom, or threatens to do so. Broken out by how would you characterize your personal political beliefs?
Table 9.9 How do you evaluate this statement: The Chinese government often monitors or surveiles its students in my country, and restricts their academic freedom, or threatens to do so. Broken out by academic field
Table 10.1 Over the next year, what do you expect will happen to your academic department or divisional effort to recruit Chinese students?
Table 10.2 Over the next year, what do you expect will happen to your academic department or divisional effort to recruit Chinese students? Broken out by world school ranking
Table 10.3 Over the next year, what do you expect will happen to your academic department or divisional effort to recruit Chinese students? Broken out by public or private status
Table 10.4 Over the next year, what do you expect will happen to your academic department or divisional effort to recruit Chinese students? Broken out by enrollment
Table 10.5 Over the next year, what do you expect will happen to your academic department or divisional effort to recruit Chinese students? Broken out by type or Carnegie class
Table 10.6 Over the next year, what do you expect will happen to your academic department or divisional effort to recruit Chinese students? Broken out by age of respondent
Table 10.7 Over the next year, what do you expect will happen to your academic department or divisional effort to recruit Chinese students? Broken out by gender of respondent
Table 10.8 Over the next year, what do you expect will happen to your academic department or divisional effort to recruit Chinese students? Broken out by how would you characterize your personal political beliefs?
Table 10.9 Over the next year, what do you expect will happen to your academic department or divisional effort to recruit Chinese students? Broken out by academic field
Table 11.1 Over the next year, what do you expect will happen to your academic department or divisional effort to recruit Russian students?
Table 11.2 Over the next year, what do you expect will happen to your academic department or divisional effort to recruit Russian students? Broken out by world school ranking
Table 11.3 Over the next year, what do you expect will happen to your academic department or divisional effort to recruit Russian students? Broken out by public or private status
Table 11.4 Over the next year, what do you expect will happen to your academic department or divisional effort to recruit Russian students? Broken out by enrollment
Table 11.5 Over the next year, what do you expect will happen to your academic department or divisional effort to recruit Russian students? Broken out by type or Carnegie class
Table 11.6 Over the next year, what do you expect will happen to your academic department or divisional effort to recruit Russian students? Broken out by age of respondent
Table 11.7 Over the next year, what do you expect will happen to your academic department or divisional effort to recruit Russian students? Broken out by gender of respondent
Table 11.8 Over the next year, what do you expect will happen to your academic department or divisional effort to recruit Russian students? Broken out by how would you characterize your personal political beliefs?
Table 11.9 Over the next year, what do you expect will happen to your academic department or divisional effort to recruit Russian students? Broken out by academic field
Table 12.1 In the past two years has your department been unable to employ or collaborate with a particular scholar from China because of visa restrictions imposed by your government?
Table 12.2 In the past two years has your department been unable to employ or collaborate with a particular scholar from China because of visa restrictions imposed by your government? Broken out by world school ranking
Table 12.3 In the past two years has your department been unable to employ or collaborate with a particular scholar from China because of visa restrictions imposed by your government? Broken out by public or private status
Table 12.4 In the past two years has your department been unable to employ or collaborate with a particular scholar from China because of visa restrictions imposed by your government? Broken out by enrollment
Table 12.5 In the past two years has your department been unable to employ or collaborate with a particular scholar from China because of visa restrictions imposed by your government? Broken out by type or Carnegie class
Table 12.6 In the past two years has your department been unable to employ or collaborate with a particular scholar from China because of visa restrictions imposed by your government? Broken out by age of respondent
Table 12.7 In the past two years has your department been unable to employ or collaborate with a particular scholar from China because of visa restrictions imposed by your government? Broken out by gender of respondent
Table 12.8 In the past two years has your department been unable to employ or collaborate with a particular scholar from China because of visa restrictions imposed by your government? Broken out by how would you characterize your personal political beliefs?
Table 12.9 In the past two years has your department been unable to employ or collaborate with a particular scholar from China because of visa restrictions imposed by your government? Broken out by academic field
Table 13.1 In your view your university should expand or contract its relationship with China, or keep it in about the same place?
Table 13.2 In your view your university should expand or contract its relationship with China, or keep it in about the same place? Broken out by world school ranking
Table 13.3 In your view your university should expand or contract its relationship with China, or keep it in about the same place? Broken out by public or private status
Table 13.4 In your view your university should expand or contract its relationship with China, or keep it in about the same place? Broken out by enrollment
Table 13.5 In your view your university should expand or contract its relationship with China, or keep it in about the same place? Broken out by type or Carnegie class
Table 13.6 In your view your university should expand or contract its relationship with China, or keep it in about the same place? Broken out by age of respondent
Table 13.7 In your view your university should expand or contract its relationship with China, or keep it in about the same place? Broken out by gender of respondent
Table 13.8 In your view your university should expand or contract its relationship with China, or keep it in about the same place? Broken out by how would you characterize your personal political beliefs?
Table 13.9 In your view your university should expand or contract its relationship with China, or keep it in about the same place? Broken out by academic field
Table 14.1 In your view your university should expand or contract its relationship with Russia, or keep it in about the same place?
Table 14.2 In your view your university should expand or contract its relationship with Russia, or keep it in about the same place? Broken out by world school ranking
Table 14.3 In your view your university should expand or contract its relationship with Russia, or keep it in about the same place? Broken out by public or private status
Table 14.4 In your view your university should expand or contract its relationship with Russia, or keep it in about the same place? Broken out by enrollment
Table 14.5 In your view your university should expand or contract its relationship with Russia, or keep it in about the same place? Broken out by type or Carnegie class
Table 14.6 In your view your university should expand or contract its relationship with Russia, or keep it in about the same place? Broken out by age of respondent
Table 14.7 In your view your university should expand or contract its relationship with Russia, or keep it in about the same place? Broken out by gender of respondent
Table 14.8 In your view your university should expand or contract its relationship with Russia, or keep it in about the same place? Broken out by how would you characterize your personal political beliefs?
Table 14.9 In your view your university should expand or contract its relationship with Russia, or keep it in about the same place? Broken out by academic field
Table 15.1 What do you think of the following statement? China and my country are inevitably deepening their adversarial relationship and we should accept this and de-emphasize our relationship with China.
Table 15.2 What do you think of the following statement? China and my country are inevitably deepening their adversarial relationship and we should accept this and de-emphasize our relationship with China. Broken out by world school ranking
Table 15.3 What do you think of the following statement? China and my country are inevitably deepening their adversarial relationship and we should accept this and de-emphasize our relationship with China. Broken out by public or private status
Table 15.4 What do you think of the following statement? China and my country are inevitably deepening their adversarial relationship and we should accept this and de-emphasize our relationship with China. Broken out by enrollment
Table 15.5 What do you think of the following statement? China and my country are inevitably deepening their adversarial relationship and we should accept this and de-emphasize our relationship with China. Broken out by type or Carnegie class
Table 15.6 What do you think of the following statement? China and my country are inevitably deepening their adversarial relationship and we should accept this and de-emphasize our relationship with China. Broken out by age of respondent
Table 15.7 What do you think of the following statement? China and my country are inevitably deepening their adversarial relationship and we should accept this and de-emphasize our relationship with China. Broken out by gender of respondent
Table 15.8 What do you think of the following statement? China and my country are inevitably deepening their adversarial relationship and we should accept this and de-emphasize our relationship with China. Broken out by how would you characterize your personal political beliefs?
Table 15.9 What do you think of the following statement? China and my country are inevitably deepening their adversarial relationship and we should accept this and de-emphasize our relationship with China. Broken out by academic field
Table 16.1 Over the past few years, the office that authorizes or supports international research partnerships at your university has become more open or less open to research relationships with scholars who are Chinese nationals.
Table 16.2 Over the past few years, the office that authorizes or supports international research partnerships at your university has become more open or less open to research relationships with scholars who are Chinese nationals. Broken out by world school ranking
Table 16.3 Over the past few years, the office that authorizes or supports international research partnerships at your university has become more open or less open to research relationships with scholars who are Chinese nationals. Broken out by public or private status
Table 16.4 Over the past few years, the office that authorizes or supports international research partnerships at your university has become more open or less open to research relationships with scholars who are Chinese nationals. Broken out by enrollment
Table 16.5 Over the past few years, the office that authorizes or supports international research partnerships at your university has become more open or less open to research relationships with scholars who are Chinese nationals. Broken out by type or Carnegie class
Table 16.6 Over the past few years, the office that authorizes or supports international research partnerships at your university has become more open or less open to research relationships with scholars who are Chinese nationals. Broken out by age of respondent
Table 16.7 Over the past few years, the office that authorizes or supports international research partnerships at your university has become more open or less open to research relationships with scholars who are Chinese nationals. Broken out by gender of respondent
Table 16.8 Over the past few years, the office that authorizes or supports international research partnerships at your university has become more open or less open to research relationships with scholars who are Chinese nationals. Broken out by how would you characterize your personal political beliefs?
Table 16.9 Over the past few years, the office that authorizes or supports international research partnerships at your university has become more open or less open to research relationships with scholars who are Chinese nationals. Broken out by academic field
Table 17.1 Should your government ban academic researchers from collaborating with Chinese nationals on projects that receive funding from the Chinese government?
Table 17.2 Should your government ban academic researchers from collaborating with Chinese nationals on projects that receive funding from the Chinese government? Broken out by world school ranking
Table 17.3 Should your government ban academic researchers from collaborating with Chinese nationals on projects that receive funding from the Chinese government? Broken out by public or private status
Table 17.4 Should your government ban academic researchers from collaborating with Chinese nationals on projects that receive funding from the Chinese government? Broken out by enrollment
Table 17.5 Should your government ban academic researchers from collaborating with Chinese nationals on projects that receive funding from the Chinese government? Broken out by type or Carnegie class
Table 17.6 Should your government ban academic researchers from collaborating with Chinese nationals on projects that receive funding from the Chinese government? Broken out by age of respondent
Table 17.7 Should your government ban academic researchers from collaborating with Chinese nationals on projects that receive funding from the Chinese government? Broken out by gender of respondent
Table 17.8 Should your government ban academic researchers from collaborating with Chinese nationals on projects that receive funding from the Chinese government? Broken out by how would you characterize your personal political beliefs?
Table 17.9 Should your government ban academic researchers from collaborating with Chinese nationals on projects that receive funding from the Chinese government? Broken out by academic field
Table 18 If your department has experienced a loss of postdocs and other scientific staff as a result of restrictive policies or a reverse brain drain back to China have you compensated for this with any of the following? (choose all that apply)
Table 18.1.1 Do you use better salaries or conditions to attract other postdocs to avoid a loss of postdocs and other scientific staff?
Table 18.1.2 Do you use better salaries or conditions to attract other postdocs to avoid a loss of postdocs and other scientific staff? Broken out by world school ranking
Table 18.1.3 Do you use better salaries or conditions to attract other postdocs to avoid a loss of postdocs and other scientific staff? Broken out by public or private status
Table 18.1.4 Do you use better salaries or conditions to attract other postdocs to avoid a loss of postdocs and other scientific staff? Broken out by enrollment
Table 18.1.5 Do you use better salaries or conditions to attract other postdocs to avoid a loss of postdocs and other scientific staff? Broken out by type or Carnegie class
Table 18.1.6 Do you use better salaries or conditions to attract other postdocs to avoid a loss of postdocs and other scientific staff? Broken out by age of respondent
Table 18.1.7 Do you use better salaries or conditions to attract other postdocs to avoid a loss of postdocs and other scientific staff? Broken out by gender of respondent
Table 18.1.8 Do you use better salaries or conditions to attract other postdocs to avoid a loss of postdocs and other scientific staff? Broken out by how would you characterize your personal political beliefs?
Table 18.1.9 Do you use better salaries or conditions to attract other postdocs to avoid a loss of postdocs and other scientific staff? Broken out by academic field
Table 18.2.1 Did you increase recruiting efforts in the USA, UK, Australia, Canada, and other Western countries to avoid a loss of postdocs and other scientific staff?
Table 18.2.2 Did you increase recruiting efforts in the USA, UK, Australia, Canada, and other Western countries to avoid a loss of postdocs and other scientific staff? Broken out by world school ranking
Table 18.2.3 Did you increase recruiting efforts in the USA, UK, Australia, Canada, and other Western countries to avoid a loss of postdocs and other scientific staff? Broken out by public or private status
Table 18.2.4 Did you increase recruiting efforts in the USA, UK, Australia, Canada, and other Western countries to avoid a loss of postdocs and other scientific staff? Broken out by enrollment
Table 18.2.5 Did you increase recruiting efforts in the USA, UK, Australia, Canada, and other Western countries to avoid a loss of postdocs and other scientific staff? Broken out by type or Carnegie class
Table 18.2.6 Did you increase recruiting efforts in the USA, UK, Australia, Canada, and other Western countries to avoid a loss of postdocs and other scientific staff? Broken out by age of respondent
Table 18.2.7 Did you increase recruiting efforts in the USA, UK, Australia, Canada, and other Western countries to avoid a loss of postdocs and other scientific staff? Broken out by gender of respondent
Table 18.2.8 Did you increase recruiting efforts in the USA, UK, Australia, Canada, and other Western countries to avoid a loss of postdocs and other scientific staff? Broken out by how would you characterize your personal political beliefs?
Table 18.2.9 Did you increase recruiting efforts in the USA, UK, Australia, Canada, and other Western countries to avoid a loss of postdocs and other scientific staff? Broken out by academic field
Table 18.3.1 Did you increase recruiting efforts in South Korea, Japan, Singapore or other Asian countries to avoid a loss of postdocs and other scientific staff?
Table 18.3.2 Did you increase recruiting efforts in South Korea, Japan, Singapore or other Asian countries to avoid a loss of postdocs and other scientific staff? Broken out by world school ranking
Table 18.3.3 Did you increase recruiting efforts in South Korea, Japan, Singapore or other Asian countries to avoid a loss of postdocs and other scientific staff? Broken out by public or private status
Table 18.3.4 Did you increase recruiting efforts in South Korea, Japan, Singapore or other Asian countries to avoid a loss of postdocs and other scientific staff? Broken out by enrollment
Table 18.3.5 Did you increase recruiting efforts in South Korea, Japan, Singapore or other Asian countries to avoid a loss of postdocs and other scientific staff? Broken out by type or Carnegie class
Table 18.3.6 Did you increase recruiting efforts in South Korea, Japan, Singapore or other Asian countries to avoid a loss of postdocs and other scientific staff? Broken out by age of respondent
Table 18.3.7 Did you increase recruiting efforts in South Korea, Japan, Singapore or other Asian countries to avoid a loss of postdocs and other scientific staff? Broken out by gender of respondent
Table 18.3.8 Did you increase recruiting efforts in South Korea, Japan, Singapore or other Asian countries to avoid a loss of postdocs and other scientific staff? Broken out by how would you characterize your personal political beliefs?
Table 18.3.9 Did you increase recruiting efforts in South Korea, Japan, Singapore or other Asian countries to avoid a loss of postdocs and other scientific staff? Broken out by academic field
Table 18.4.1 Did you increase recruiting in Africa, Latin American and other developing areas to avoid a loss of postdocs and other scientific staff?
Table 18.4.2 Did you increase recruiting in Africa, Latin American and other developing areas to avoid a loss of postdocs and other scientific staff? Broken out by world school ranking
Table 18.4.3 Did you increase recruiting in Africa, Latin American and other developing areas to avoid a loss of postdocs and other scientific staff? Broken out by public or private status
Table 18.4.4 Did you increase recruiting in Africa, Latin American and other developing areas to avoid a loss of postdocs and other scientific staff? Broken out by enrollment
Table 18.4.5 Did you increase recruiting in Africa, Latin American and other developing areas to avoid a loss of postdocs and other scientific staff? Broken out by type or Carnegie class
Table 18.4.6 Did you increase recruiting in Africa, Latin American and other developing areas to avoid a loss of postdocs and other scientific staff? Broken out by age of respondent
Table 18.4.7 Did you increase recruiting in Africa, Latin American and other developing areas to avoid a loss of postdocs and other scientific staff? Broken out by gender of respondent
Table 18.4.8 Did you increase recruiting in Africa, Latin American and other developing areas to avoid a loss of postdocs and other scientific staff? Broken out by how would you characterize your personal political beliefs?
Table 18.4.9 Did you increase recruiting in Africa, Latin American and other developing areas to avoid a loss of postdocs and other scientific staff? Broken out by academic field
Table 19.1 What do you think of this statement: My government will act to replace the loss of Chinese postdocs and other scholars by increasing funds to enable my university to subsidize the costs of bringing other foreign postdocs to my university.
Table 19.2 What do you think of this statement: My government will act to replace the loss of Chinese postdocs and other scholars by increasing funds to enable my university to subsidize the costs of bringing other foreign postdocs to my university. Broken out by world school ranking
Table 19.3 What do you think of this statement: My government will act to replace the loss of Chinese postdocs and other scholars by increasing funds to enable my university to subsidize the costs of bringing other foreign postdocs to my university. Broken out by public or private status
Table 19.4 What do you think of this statement: My government will act to replace the loss of Chinese postdocs and other scholars by increasing funds to enable my university to subsidize the costs of bringing other foreign postdocs to my university. Broken out by enrollment
Table 19.5 What do you think of this statement: My government will act to replace the loss of Chinese postdocs and other scholars by increasing funds to enable my university to subsidize the costs of bringing other foreign postdocs to my university. Broken out by type or Carnegie class
Table 19.6 What do you think of this statement: My government will act to replace the loss of Chinese postdocs and other scholars by increasing funds to enable my university to subsidize the costs of bringing other foreign postdocs to my university. Broken out by age of respondent
Table 19.7 What do you think of this statement: My government will act to replace the loss of Chinese postdocs and other scholars by increasing funds to enable my university to subsidize the costs of bringing other foreign postdocs to my university. Broken out by gender of respondent
Table 19.8 What do you think of this statement: My government will act to replace the loss of Chinese postdocs and other scholars by increasing funds to enable my university to subsidize the costs of bringing other foreign postdocs to my university. Broken out by how would you characterize your personal political beliefs?
Table 19.9 What do you think of this statement: My government will act to replace the loss of Chinese postdocs and other scholars by increasing funds to enable my university to subsidize the costs of bringing other foreign postdocs to my university. Broken out by academic field
Table 20.1 What do you think of this statement: the longstanding policy of the Federal Government to encourage open science and collaboration in fundamental research is being undermined by the present Administration excessively preoccupied with technology espionage.
Table 20.2 What do you think of this statement: the longstanding policy of the Federal Government to encourage open science and collaboration in fundamental research is being undermined by the present Administration excessively preoccupied with technology espionage. Broken out by world school ranking
Table 20.3 What do you think of this statement: the longstanding policy of the Federal Government to encourage open science and collaboration in fundamental research is being undermined by the present Administration excessively preoccupied with technology espionage. Broken out by public or private status
Table 20.4 What do you think of this statement: the longstanding policy of the Federal Government to encourage open science and collaboration in fundamental research is being undermined by the present Administration excessively preoccupied with technology espionage. Broken out by enrollment
Table 20.5 What do you think of this statement: the longstanding policy of the Federal Government to encourage open science and collaboration in fundamental research is being undermined by the present Administration excessively preoccupied with technology espionage. Broken out by type or Carnegie class
Table 20.6 What do you think of this statement: the longstanding policy of the Federal Government to encourage open science and collaboration in fundamental research is being undermined by the present Administration excessively preoccupied with technology espionage. Broken out by age of respondent
Table 20.7 What do you think of this statement: the longstanding policy of the Federal Government to encourage open science and collaboration in fundamental research is being undermined by the present Administration excessively preoccupied with technology espionage. Broken out by gender of respondent
Table 20.8 What do you think of this statement: the longstanding policy of the Federal Government to encourage open science and collaboration in fundamental research is being undermined by the present Administration excessively preoccupied with technology espionage. Broken out by how would you characterize your personal political beliefs?
Table 20.9 What do you think of this statement: the longstanding policy of the Federal Government to encourage open science and collaboration in fundamental research is being undermined by the present Administration excessively preoccupied with technology espionage. Broken out by academic field
Table 21.1 How clear to you is what you can and cannot do regarding information sharing with postdocs and visiting or collaborating faculty from China or Russia?
Table 21.2 How clear to you is what you can and cannot do regarding information sharing with postdocs and visiting or collaborating faculty from China or Russia? Broken out by world school ranking
Table 21.3 How clear to you is what you can and cannot do regarding information sharing with postdocs and visiting or collaborating faculty from China or Russia? Broken out by public or private status
Table 21.4 How clear to you is what you can and cannot do regarding information sharing with postdocs and visiting or collaborating faculty from China or Russia? Broken out by enrollment
Table 21.5 How clear to you is what you can and cannot do regarding information sharing with postdocs and visiting or collaborating faculty from China or Russia? Broken out by type or Carnegie class
Table 21.6 How clear to you is what you can and cannot do regarding information sharing with postdocs and visiting or collaborating faculty from China or Russia? Broken out by age of respondent
Table 21.7 How clear to you is what you can and cannot do regarding information sharing with postdocs and visiting or collaborating faculty from China or Russia? Broken out by gender of respondent
Table 21.8 How clear to you is what you can and cannot do regarding information sharing with postdocs and visiting or collaborating faculty from China or Russia? Broken out by how would you characterize your personal political beliefs?
Table 21.9 How clear to you is what you can and cannot do regarding information sharing with postdocs and visiting or collaborating faculty from China or Russia? Broken out by academic field
Table 22 Following question for US participants only: In the course of your research have you ever dealt with any of the following? (check all that apply)
Table 22.1.1 Have you ever classified information in the course of your research?
Table 22.1.2 Have you ever classified information in the course of your research? Broken out by world school ranking
Table 22.1.3 Have you ever classified information in the course of your research? Broken out by public or private status
Table 22.1.4 Have you ever classified information in the course of your research? Broken out by enrollment
Table 22.1.5 Have you ever classified information in the course of your research? Broken out by type or Carnegie class
Table 22.1.6 Have you ever classified information in the course of your research? Broken out by age of respondent
Table 22.1.7 Have you ever classified information in the course of your research? Broken out by gender of respondent
Table 22.1.8 Have you ever classified information in the course of your research? Broken out by how would you characterize your personal political beliefs?
Table 22.1.9 Have you ever classified information in the course of your research? Broken out by academic field
Table 22.2.1 Have you ever used international traffic in arms regulations in the course of your research?
Table 22.2.2 Have you ever used international traffic in arms regulations in the course of your research? Broken out by world school ranking
Table 22.2.3 Have you ever used international traffic in arms regulations in the course of your research? Broken out by public or private status
Table 22.2.4 Have you ever used international traffic in arms regulations in the course of your research? Broken out by enrollment
Table 22.2.5 Have you ever used international traffic in arms regulations in the course of your research? Broken out by type or Carnegie class
Table 22.2.6 Have you ever used international traffic in arms regulations in the course of your research? Broken out by age of respondent
Table 22.2.7 Have you ever used international traffic in arms regulations in the course of your research? Broken out by gender of respondent
Table 22.2.8 Have you ever used international traffic in arms regulations in the course of your research? Broken out by how would you characterize your personal political beliefs?
Table 22.2.9 Have you ever used international traffic in arms regulations in the course of your research? Broken out by academic field
Table 22.3.1 Have you ever used export control administration in the course of your research?
Table 22.3.2 Have you ever used export control administration in the course of your research? Broken out by world school ranking
Table 22.3.3 Have you ever used export control administration in the course of your research? Broken out by public or private status
Table 22.3.4 Have you ever used export control administration in the course of your research? Broken out by enrollment
Table 22.3.5 Have you ever used export control administration in the course of your research? Broken out by type or Carnegie class
Table 22.3.6 Have you ever used export control administration in the course of your research? Broken out by age of respondent
Table 22.3.7 Have you ever used export control administration in the course of your research? Broken out by gender of respondent
Table 22.3.8 Have you ever used export control administration in the course of your research? Broken out by how would you characterize your personal political beliefs?
Table 22.3.9 Have you ever used export control administration in the course of your research? Broken out by academic field
Table 22.4.1 Have you ever controlled unclassified information in the course of your research?
Table 22.4.2 Have you ever controlled unclassified information in the course of your research? Broken out by world school ranking
Table 22.4.3 Have you ever controlled unclassified information in the course of your research? Broken out by public or private status
Table 22.4.4 Have you ever controlled unclassified information in the course of your research? Broken out by enrollment
Table 22.4.5 Have you ever controlled unclassified information in the course of your research? Broken out by type or Carnegie class
Table 22.4.6 Have you ever controlled unclassified information in the course of your research? Broken out by age of respondent
Table 22.4.7 Have you ever controlled unclassified information in the course of your research? Broken out by gender of respondent
Table 22.4.8 Have you ever controlled unclassified information in the course of your research? Broken out by how would you characterize your personal political beliefs?
Table 22.4.9 Have you ever controlled unclassified information in the course of your research? Broken out by academic field
Table 23.1 In general, how clear is it to you are the rules on what kinds of information should not be shared with foreign nationals from Russia or China?
Table 23.2 In general, how clear is it to you are the rules on what kinds of information should not be shared with foreign nationals from Russia or China? Broken out by world school ranking
Table 23.3 In general, how clear is it to you are the rules on what kinds of information should not be shared with foreign nationals from Russia or China? Broken out by public or private status
Table 23.4 In general, how clear is it to you are the rules on what kinds of information should not be shared with foreign nationals from Russia or China? Broken out by enrollment
Table 23.5 In general, how clear is it to you are the rules on what kinds of information should not be shared with foreign nationals from Russia or China? Broken out by type or Carnegie class
Table 23.6 In general, how clear is it to you are the rules on what kinds of information should not be shared with foreign nationals from Russia or China? Broken out by age of respondent
Table 23.7 In general, how clear is it to you are the rules on what kinds of information should not be shared with foreign nationals from Russia or China? Broken out by gender of respondent
Table 23.8 In general, how clear is it to you are the rules on what kinds of information should not be shared with foreign nationals from Russia or China? Broken out by how would you characterize your personal political beliefs?
Table 23.9 In general, how clear is it to you are the rules on what kinds of information should not be shared with foreign nationals from Russia or China? Broken out by academic field
Samples
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Sources / Contributors
- Boston University
- Brown University
- California Western School of Law
- Carnegie Mellon University
- Colorado State University
- Columbia University
- Curtin University
- Drexel University
- Duke University
- Georgia Institute of Technology
- Griffith University
- Johns Hopkins University
- McGill University
- Michigan State University
- Milwaukee School of Engineering
- New Jersey Institute of Technology
- Northern Alberta
- Penn State University
- St. Cloud State University
- Texas A&M University
- The Ohio State University
- University of California - Berkeley
- University of California - Santa Barbara
- University at Buffalo (SUNY)
- University of Alberta
- University of Calgary
- University of California - Davis
- University of California - Riverside
- University of Chicago
- University of Connecticut
- University of Florida
- University of Idaho
- University of Michigan
- University of Missouri
- University of Pittsburgh
- University of Reading
- University of South Carolina
- University of Strathclyde
- University of Toronto
- University of Utah
- University of Western Australia
- Utah State University
- Virginia Commonwealth University
- Yale University
Methodology
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