Redox Chemistry and Biology of Thiols offers an applied, comprehensive overview of redox chemistry and biology of thiol-dependent processes. Running from basic biology and chemistry of redox phenomena to research methods and highlighting recently identified roles of thiols across cellular and bodily systems, this book draws upon a range of disciplines to illuminate new research directions, new applications of thiol studies, and clinical translation. Sections cover thiol oxidizing species, thiol reactivity and modifications, thioredoxin, glutaredoxin, glutathione, peroxidases, thiol repair enzymes, thiol oxidative signaling, disulfide bond formation, thiol-based redox biosensors, cysteine and hydrogen sulfide metabolism, iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis, thiols in chloroplasts, blood thiols, sugar and polyamine thiols in pathogenic organisms, redox medicine (therapeutic applications of thiols and drug development), as well as methods and bioinformatics tools.
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Table of Contents
1. Basic concepts of thiol chemistry and biology
2. Chemical basis of cysteine reactivity: Acidity and nucleophilicity
3. Computational functional analysis of cysteine residues in proteins
4. Global approaches for protein thiol redox state detection and quantification
5. Thiol oxidation by biologically-relevant reactive species
6. Thiyl radicals: formation, properties and detection
7. Detection of the oxidation products of thiols: disulfides, sulfenic, sulfinic and sulfonic acids
8. Biochemistry and detection of S-nitrosothiols
9. Thiol modification and signaling by biological electrophiles
10. Thioredoxin and glutathione reductases
11. Functional plasticity in the thioredoxin family: FeS-thio- and glutaredoxins
12. Glutathione and glutathione-dependent enzymes
13. Thiol and selenol-based peroxidases: Structure and catalytic properties
14. Thiol peroxidase-based redox relays
15. Compartmentalized disulphide bond formation pathways
16. Disulfide bond formation in Escherichia coli
17. Thiol-based redox probes
18. Selenocysteine-containing proteins
19. Overview of cysteine metabolism
20. Hydrogen sulfide and persulfides
21. The role of thiols in iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis
22. Thiol-based redox control in chloroplasts
23. Sugar-based cysteine thiols recruited for oxidative stress defence and redox regulation
24. Polyamine-based thiols in pathogens
25. Thiols in blood
26. A thiol chemistry perspective on redox medicine
27. Therapeutic applications of low-molecular-weight thiols and selenocompounds
28. Thiol targets in drug development to combat bacterial infections