Aluminium is a chemical element present in earth’s crust and it is a known environmental toxin which has been found to be associated with various neurological disorders. Aluminium has been found to be a very strong risk factor for the development of Alzheimer’s disease.
Biochemical Mechanisms of Aluminium Induced Neurological Disorders explains the association of aluminium with neurological disorders. The book introduces the reader to sources of aluminium exposure, followed by an explanation of pharmacokinetics of aluminium and the different biochemical pathways that cause neurological effects. Chapters cover the typical mechanisms associated with aluminium neurotoxicity such as synaptic impairment as well as recent topics of interest such as the role of aluminum in impairing blood-brain barrier functions. Separate chapters which cover clinical evidence of aluminium toxicity and its management are also included in the book. Biochemical Mechanisms of Aluminium Induced Neurological Disorders is a concise, yet informative reference on the subject of aluminium neurotoxicity for all readers, whether they are students of biochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology, clinical neurologists, environmentalists interested in metal pollution or general readers who want to learn about the toxic effects of aluminium in humans.
Biochemical Mechanisms of Aluminium Induced Neurological Disorders explains the association of aluminium with neurological disorders. The book introduces the reader to sources of aluminium exposure, followed by an explanation of pharmacokinetics of aluminium and the different biochemical pathways that cause neurological effects. Chapters cover the typical mechanisms associated with aluminium neurotoxicity such as synaptic impairment as well as recent topics of interest such as the role of aluminum in impairing blood-brain barrier functions. Separate chapters which cover clinical evidence of aluminium toxicity and its management are also included in the book. Biochemical Mechanisms of Aluminium Induced Neurological Disorders is a concise, yet informative reference on the subject of aluminium neurotoxicity for all readers, whether they are students of biochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology, clinical neurologists, environmentalists interested in metal pollution or general readers who want to learn about the toxic effects of aluminium in humans.
Table of Contents
Chapter 1 Biochemical Mechanisms Of Aluminium And Other Metals Exposure, Their Brain Entry Mechanisms, Effects On Blood Brain Barrier And Important Pharmacokinetic Parameters In Neurological Disorders- Sara Ishaq, Amna Liaqat, Armeen Hameed And Touqeer Ahmed
- Introduction
- Metals And Their Evolution In Biological Processes
- Metals Induced Neurotoxicity
- Absorption Of Toxic Metals In The Brain
- Transport Of Toxic Metals Across Blood Brain Barrier
- Transport Of Toxic Metals Across Blood Cerebrospinal Fluid Barrier
- Mapping Brain Regions With Toxic Metals Distribution
- Aluminium
- Arsenic
- Lead
- Mercury
- Cadmium
- Toxic Metals With Multiple Toxicokinetic Aspects
- Bio-Absorption
- Mitochondrial Dysfunction
- Effects Of Metals Induced Toxicity On Neurotransmission
- Cellular Oxidative Stress Induction By Toxic Metals
- Events Of Cellular Signaling In The Nervous System
- Metal Excretion From The Body
- Disease Manifestation As An Outcome To Toxic Metal Exposure
- Alzheimer's Disease (Ad)
- Parkinson's Disease (Pd)
- Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (Als)
- Multiple Sclerosis (Ms)
- Synergistic Effects Of Metals Mixture In Brain
- Concluding Remarks
- Consent For Publication
- Conflict Of Interest
- Acknowledgements
- Abbreviations
- References
Chapter 2 Co-Exposure Of Aluminium With Other Metals Causes Neurotoxicity And Neurodegeneration
- Abida Zulfiqar, Ghazal Iqbal And Touqeer Ahmed
1. Accumulation Of Metals In The Brain And Cognitive Impairment 34
2. Metals And Hfd Induced Oxidative Stress In Cognitive Impairment 36
3. Prevalence And Current Scenario Of Cognitive Impairment In Worldwide
4. Aluminium Neurotoxicity And Its Effect On Neurotransmission
5. Molecular Basis Of Aluminium Neurotoxicity
- Aluminium And Cell Signaling
6. The Neurotoxicity Induced By Metal Mixture
7. Harmful Effects Of Cholesterol In Association With Metal Exposure
8. Role Of Apoe Genotype In Cognitive Impairment In Association With Metal Exposure
- - Evidence For The Link Between Apoe And Metals
9. Role Of Total Tau In Cognitive Impairment (In Association With Metal Exposure)
10. Role Of Amyloid Β-42 In Cognitive Impairment (In Association With Metal Exposure)
- Concluding Remarks
- Consent For Publication
- Conflict Of Interest
- Acknowledgements
- List Of Abbreviations
- References
Chapter 3 Role Of Aluminium In Post-Translational Modifications And Neurological Disorders
- Saadia Zahid, Sanila Amber And Fatima Javed Mirza
- Introduction
1. Aluminium Mediated Oxidative Stress
2. Aluminium Induced Neurotoxicity
3. Aluminium And Neurological Disorders
3.1. Aluminium And Alzheimer's Disease
3.2. Aluminium And Other Neurological Disorders
4. Post Translational Modifications
5. Aluminium And Post Translational Modifications
5.1. Aluminium And Phosphorylation
5.2. Aluminium And Methylation
5.3. Aluminium And Protein Oxidation
5.4. Aluminium And Ubiquitination
- Concluding Remarks
- Consent For Publication
- Conflict Of Interest
- Acknowledgements
- List Of Abbreviations
- References
Chapter 4 Effect Of Aluminium On Synaptic Plasticity
- Syeda Mehpara Farhat
- Introduction
- Effects Of Al Accumulation On Synaptic Plasticity
- Effect Of Al On Ca+2 Channel And Ca+2 Signaling
- Effect Of Aluminium On Receptors Involved In Synaptic Plasticity
- Effect Of Aluminium On Signaling Pathways Involved In Synaptic Plasticity
- Effect Of Aluminium On Ca+2-Camkii Signaling Pathway
- Effect Of Aluminium On Glutamate-Nitric Oxide-Cyclic Gmp Signaling Pathway
- Effect Of Aluminium On Bdnf Modulated Signaling Pathways
- Effect Of Aluminium On Plc Signaling Pathway
- Concluding Remarks
- Consent For Publication
- Conflict Of Interest
- Acknowledgements
- List Of Abbreviations
- References
Chapter 5 Aluminium And Other Metals Exposure Cause Neurological Disorders: Evidence From Clinical/ Human Studies
- Zehra Batool, Laraib Liaquat, Tuba Sharf Batool, Rida Nisar And Saida Haider
- Introduction
- Neurological Disorders Induced By Hazardous Metals Aluminium
- Mechanism Of Aluminium -Induced Neurotoxicity
- Aluminium-Induced Neurological Disorders: Clinical Evidences
- Arsenic
- Mechanism Of Arsenic-Induced Neurotoxicity
- Arsenic-Induced Neurological Disorders: Clinical Evidences
- Mercury
- Mechanism Of Mercury-Induced Neurotoxicity
- Mercury-Induced Neurological Disorders: Clinical Evidences
- Lead
- Mechanism Of Lead-Induced Neurotoxicity
- Lead-Induced Neurological Disorders: Clinical Evidences
- Cadmium
- Mechanism Of Cadmium-Induced Neurotoxicity
- Cadmium-Induced Neurological Disorders: Clinical Evidences
- Neurological Disorders Induced By Essential Metals Iron
- Physiological Role Of Iron
- Mechanism Of Iron-Induced Neurotoxicity
- Iron-Induced Neurological Disorders: Clinical Evidences
- Chromium
- Physiological Role Of Chromium
- Mechanism Of Chromium-Induced Neurotoxicity
- Chromium-Induced Neurological Disorders: Clinical Evidences
- Cobalt
- Physiological Role Of Cobalt
- Mechanism Of Cobalt-Induced Neurotoxicity
- Cobalt-Induced Neurological Disorders: Clinical Evidences
- Copper
- Physiological Role Of Copper
- Mechanism Of Copper-Induced Neurotoxicity
- Copper-Induced Neurological Disorders: Clinical Evidences
- Manganese
- Physiological Role Of Manganese
- Mechanism Of Manganese-Induced Neurotoxicity
- Manganese-Induced Neurological Disorders: Clinical Evidences
- Nickel
- Physiological Role Of Nickel
- Mechanism Of Nickel-Induced Neurotoxicity
- Nickel-Induced Neurological Disorders: Clinical Evidences
- Concluding Remarks
- Consent For Publication
- Conflict Of Interest
- Acknowledgements
- Abbreviations
- References
Chapter 6 Developmental Toxicity Of Aluminium And Other Metals: Areas Unexplored
- Laraib Liaquat, Zehra Batool And Saida Haider
- Introduction
- Aluminium
- Teratogenic Nature Of Aluminium
- Mechanism Of Teratogenic Activity
- Arsenic
- Teratogenic Nature Of Arsenic
- Mechanism Of Teratogenic Activity
- Lead
- Teratogenic Nature Of Lead
- Mechanism Of Teratogenic Activity
- Mercury
- Teratogenic Nature Of Mercury
- Mechanism Of Teratogenic Activity
- Cadmium
- Teratogenic Nature Of Cadmium
- Mechanism Of Teratogenic Activity
- Uranium
- Teratogenic Nature Of Uranium
- Mechanism Of Teratogenic Activity
- Lithium
- Teratogenic Nature Of Lithium
- Mechanism Of Teratogenic Activity
- Manganese
- Teratogenic Nature Of Manganese
- Mechanism Of Teratogenic Activity
- Cobalt
- Teratogenic Nature Of Cobalt
- Mechanism Of Teratogenic Activity
- Copper
- Mechanism Of Teratogenic Activity
- Concluding Remarks
- Consent For Publication
- Conflict Of Interest
- Acknowledgements
- References
- Subject Index
Author
- Touqeer Ahmed
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