Advances in technology have enabled medicinal chemists to discover and formulate several highly specific, biocompatible, and non-toxic therapeutic agents for clinical applications. Nanotechnology has achieved significant progress in the last few decades and is crucial in every field of science and technology. Nanotechnology-based pharmaceuticals offer multifaceted and alternative methodologies in comparison to the limitations of many conventional clinical therapies. Expertise in designing and developing nanoformulations has helped in targeted drug delivery. Recently, the use of innovative therapeutic agents, particularly in nanomedicine, has accounted for a significant portion of the global pharmaceutical market and is predicted to continue to grow rapidly in the near future. Nanotherapeutic Strategies and New Pharmaceuticals is an accessible multi-part reference which informs the reader about several new techniques based on nanotechnology.
The chapters explain relevant topics in detail. The book is designed to encourage and help undergraduate, graduate and post-graduate students in the field of nanotherapeutics, pharmaceuticals and bio-organic chemistry through the use of didactic language and simple illustrations. Part 2 of this book covers the potential of nanotherapeutics and natural therapies for treating neurological diseases, targeting ion channels, signal transduction therapy, gene therapy of single gene mutation diseases and for nanoformulations for special purposes such as wound healing and stimuli-responsive drug delivery. The book also features a chapter that summarizes the types of nanoparticles tailored for specific molecular targets that mediate different diseases.
The book set serves as a textbook for students in pharmacology and medical biochemistry, as well as a quick reference for researchers on bio-organic chemistry, as well as general readers interested in nanomedicine.
The chapters explain relevant topics in detail. The book is designed to encourage and help undergraduate, graduate and post-graduate students in the field of nanotherapeutics, pharmaceuticals and bio-organic chemistry through the use of didactic language and simple illustrations. Part 2 of this book covers the potential of nanotherapeutics and natural therapies for treating neurological diseases, targeting ion channels, signal transduction therapy, gene therapy of single gene mutation diseases and for nanoformulations for special purposes such as wound healing and stimuli-responsive drug delivery. The book also features a chapter that summarizes the types of nanoparticles tailored for specific molecular targets that mediate different diseases.
The book set serves as a textbook for students in pharmacology and medical biochemistry, as well as a quick reference for researchers on bio-organic chemistry, as well as general readers interested in nanomedicine.
Table of Contents
Chapter 1 Nanotherapeutics For Treatment Of Neurological Disorders1. Introduction
2. Transportation Mechanism
2.1. Paracellular Transportation
2.2. Transcellular Passive Diffusion
2.2.1. Transporters
2.2.2. Transcytosis
3. Nps Types
3.1. Lipid-Based Nps
3.2. Polymeric Nps
3.3. Inorganic Nps
4. Neurological Disorders And Treatment Strategies
4.1. Parkinson's Disease
4.2. Alzheimer's Disease
4.3. Glioblastoma
4.4. Vascular Occlusion
5. Biological Barriers For Drug Delivery
- Concluding Remarks
- Consent For Publication
- Conflict Of Interest
- Acknowledgements
- References
Chapter 2 Molecular Mechanism Of Therapeutic Actions Of Some Nanoparticles In Some Diseases
- Bello Aminu Bello, Ibrahim Khalil Adam, Sani S. Usman, Yahaya Saidu Gwarzo, Luqman Shah And Fatima Sulaiman Abdullahi
1. Introduction
2. The Molecular Mechanisms Of Therapeutic Action Of Nps In Some Diseases
2.1. Molecular Mechanism Of Anticancer Activities Of Nps
2.1.1. Molecular Mechanism Of Anticancer Activity Of Agnps
2.1.2. Molecular Mechanism Of Anticancer Activity Of Aunps
2.1.3. Molecular Mechanism Of Anticancer Activity Of Iron Oxide Nps (Feo-Nps)
2.1.4. Molecular Mechanism Of Anticancer Activity Of Titanium Dioxide Nps
2.1.5. Molecular Mechanism Of Anticancer Activity Of Cerium Oxide Nps
2.1.6. Molecular Mechanism Of Anticancer Activity Of Zinc Oxide Nps
2.1.7. Molecular Mechanism Of Anticancer Activity Of Copper Oxide Nps
2.2. Molecular Mechanism Of Anti-Diabetic Activities Of Nps
2.3. Molecular Mechanism Of Anti-Bacterial Activities Of Nps
2.3.1. Molecular Mechanism Of Antibacterial Activity Of Zno-Nps
2.3.2. Molecular Mechanism Of Antibacterial Activity Of Agnps
2.3.3. Molecular Mechanism Of Antibacterial Activity Of Aunps
2.3.4. Molecular Mechanism Of The Antibacterial Activity Of Tio2-Nps
2.3.5. Molecular Mechanism Of Antibacterial Activity Of No-Nps
2.4. Molecular Mechanism Of Anti-Fungal Activities Of Metallic Nps
2.5. Molecular Mechanism Of Anti-Viral Activities Of Nps
2.6. Molecular Mechanism Of Anti-Inflammatory Activities Of Nps
2.6.1. Anti-Inflammatory Activity Of Zno-Nps
2.6.2. Anti-Inflammatory Activity Of Agnps
2.6.3. Anti-Inflammatory Activity Of Aunps
2.6.4. Anti-Inflammatory Activity Tio2 Nps
2.6.5. Anti-Inflammatory Activity Of Senps
- Conclusion
- Consent For Publication
- Conflict Of Interest
- Acknowledgment
- References
Chapter 3 Nanotherapeutics For The Treatment Of Voltage Gated Ion Channels
- Fahad Hassan Shah, Song Ja Kim, Muniba Tariq, Sifeng Lucy Chen, Zunaira Afzal, Maham Chaudry, Hassan A. Hemeg, Shahid Ali Khan And Saad Salman
1. Introduction
1.1. Background And History Of Ion-Channels
1.2. Ligand-Gated Ion Channels Convert Chemical Signals Into Electrical Activities
1.3. Biological Role Of Ion-Channels
1.4. Inhibition Of The Sodium-Potassium Pump Causes Delay In The Resting Membrane Potential Decaying Process
2. Green Technologies For Standardization
3. Development And Application Of Polymeric System Containing Herbal Extracts
3.1. Microspheres
3.2. Hydrogels
3.3. Phytosomes (Phyto-Phospholipid Complex)
3.4. Emulsions
3.4.1. Drug Delivering Systems In Emulsion
3.5. Nanoparticles
3.5.1. Solid Lipid Nanoparticles
3.6. Nanospheres And Nanocapsules
3.6.1. Gold And Silver Nanoparticles
3.6.2. Injectable Nanoparticles
3.6.3. Liposomes
3.7. Niosomes
3.7.1. Effect Of Ph On Niosomes
- Conclusion
- Consent For Publication
- Conflict Of Interest
- Acknowledgements
- References
Chapter 4 Stimuli Responsive Hydrogels Composites For Control Drug Delivery
- Zubair Ahmad, Shahid Ali Khan, Youssef O. Al-Ghamdi, Waseeq Ur Rehman, Syed Muhammad Mukarram Shah, Yasir Anwar, Noureen Khan And Saad Salman
1. Introduction
2. Role Of Hydrogel In Drug Delivery
2.1. Physically Cl Methods For Hydrogel Synthesis
2.1.1. Cl By Charge Interaction
2.1.2. Hydrophobic Interactions
2.1.3. Hydrogen Bonding Interaction
2.1.4. Stereo Complexation
2.1.5. Cl Via Crystallization
2.2. Chemically Cl
2.2.1. Covalently Cl
2.2.2. Cl By Small Molecules
2.2.3. Polymer-Polymer Cl
3. Stimuli Sensitive Hydrogels And Its Role In Control Drug Delivery
3.1. Light Responsive Hydrogels
3.2. Ph Sensitive Hydrogels
3.3. Thermo Responsive Hydrogels
3.4. Electric Signal Stimulated Hydrogels
3.5. Glucose Stimulated Hydrogels
4. Magnetic Hydrogels Nano Ct For Control Drug Release
5. Chitosan Based Ct Hydrogels
- Conclusion
- Consent For Publication
- Conflict Of Interest
- Acknowledgment
- References
Chapter 5 Polymeric Nanofibers For Wound Dressing Applications
- Abid Mehmood Yousaf, Yasser Shahzad, Fakhar Ud Din, Qurrat Ul Ain Yousafi, Talib Hussain, Muhammad Usman Ghori And Syed A. A. Rizvi
1. Introduction
2. Anatomy Of Skin
3. Wound
3.1. Classification Of Wounds
3.2. Wound Healing
3.2.1. Stages Of Wound Healing
3.3. Wound Dressing
3.3.1. Classification Of Wound Dressing
3.4. Significance Of Wound Dressing
4. Antimicrobial Activity Imparting Nfs
5. Fabrication Of Nfs
6. Strategies To Load Antimicrobial Drug On Electrospun Nfs
6.1. Blending
6.2. Core-Sheath Fabrication
6.3. Encapsulation
6.4. Post-Treatment
6.5. Attachment
7. Characterization Techniques
7.1. In-Vitro Testing
7.2. In-Vivo Testing
7.3. Assessment Of Antibacterial Activity
- Conclusion
- Consent For Publication
- Conflict Of Interest
- Acknowledgements
- References
Chapter 6 Nano-Therapeutics Of Flavonoids-Loaded Polymeric Drug Delivery Systems
- Fazle Rabbi, Fahim Ullah Khan, Imad Ahmad And Amna Nisar
1. Introduction
2. Medicinal Plants Phytochemicals
2.1. Flavonoids And Its Properties
3. Recent Approaches Of Drug Delivery System For Herbal Bioactive Substances
3.1. Delivery Systems For Enhanced Therapeutic Efficacy And Bioavailability Of Flavonoids 148 3.2. Nps Based Delivery Of Flavonoids
3.3. Polymeric Micelles-Based Delivery Of Flavonoids
3.4. Liposomal Based Delivery Of Flavonoids
3.5. Self Microemulsifying, Micro-Emulsions And Nano-Emulsions Based Delivery Of Flavonoids
3.6. Solid Lipid Nps (Slns) Based Delivery Of Flavonoids
3.7. Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (Nlcs) Based Delivery Of Flavonoids
- Conclusion
- Consent For Publication
- Conflict Of Interest
- Acknowledgements
- References
Chapter 7 Adhd Comorbid To Substance Use Disorder: A Review Of Genetics, Neurobiology, Brain Circuitry, And Nanotherapeutics
- Fahad Hassan Shah, Song Ja Kim, Laiba Wasim, Shanza Nageen, Fakhra Sibtain, Muniba Tariq, Sajid Asghar And Saad Salman
1. Introduction
1.1. Adhd, Substance Abuse, And Stimulant Therapy
1.2. Risk Factors For Adhd
1.2.1. Genetic Susceptibility To Comorbid Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder And Heroin Addiction
1.2.2. Stress And Mood Reactivity In Addiction
1.2.3. Molecular Genetic Studies
1.2.4. Clinical Manifestation Of Adhd With Heroin Addiction
1.3. Behavioral And Brain Functions: An Insight From Animal Adhd Models
1.3.1. Animal Models Of Adhd
2. Nanotherapeutics For Adhd: Challenges, Opportunities & Progress
2.1. Ginseng
2.2. Ginkgo Biloba
2.3. Gotu Kola
2.4. Guarana
2.5. Bacopa Monnier
2.6. Rhodiola
2.7. Other Herbal Treatments
- Conclusion
- Consent For Publication
- Conflict Of Interest
- Acknowledgements
- References
Chapter 8 Sodium Channelopathies And Novel Viral/Non-Viral Vectors For Their Gene Therapy
- Jawaria Idrees, Fahad Hassan Shah, Song Ja Kim, Muniba Tariq, Syed Haroon Khalid, Ikram Ullah Khan, Sajid Asghar And Saad Salman
1. Introduction
1.1. Chemogenetics Vs Optogenetics
2. Gene Editing
3. Types Of Different Vector Systems For Gene Delivery
3.1. Viral Delivery System
3.1.1. Retroviral Vector
3.1.2. Adenoviral Vector
3.1.3. Adeno-Associated Vector
3.1.4. Adenoviral Hybrid Vectors
3.1.5. Herpes Simplex Vectors
3.1.6. Pox Virus Vector
3.1.7. Lentiviruses Vector
3.1.8. Epstein- Barr Virus Vector
3.2. Non-Viral Delivery System
3.2.1. Physical Methods Of Non-Viral Gene Delivery
3.3. Chemical Non-Viral Delivery Systems
3.3.1. Lipid Polymer Hybrid
3.3.2. Cationic Liposomes
- Conclusion
- Future Perspectives
- Consent For Publication
- Conflict Of Interest
- Acknowledgements
- References
Chapter 9 Gene Therapy And Editing For The Treatment Of Single-Gene Pain Disorders
- Fahad Hassan Shah, Song Ja Kim, Jawaria Idrees, Muniba Tariq, Syed Haroon Khalid, Ikram Ullah Khan, Sajid Asghar And Saad Salman
1. Introduction
2. The Function Of Ion Channels In Nociceptors
3. Toxins And Pharmaceuticals As Targets
4. Targeting Nav Channels: Local Anesthetics State-Dependent Action
5. Mechanism Of 6 Couplings (Ec)
6. Ion-Selectivity Of Vgsc
7. Pain Insensitivity In Congenital Disorders
8. Hsan Type Iid Resulting From Mutations In Inactivating Scn9A
9. The Gain Of Functional Gene Variant Related To Heritable Pain Conditions
9.1. Inherited Erythromelalgia
9.2. The Paroxysmal Extreme Pain-Disorder
9.3. Small-Fiber Neuropathy
Author
- Shahid Ali Khan
- Saad Salman
- Youssef O. Al-Ghamd
